Understanding Culture,

Society, and Politics

Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Concepts, Aspects, and Changes
of Culture and Society
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-
check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust
that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the concepts of culture and society. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module presents the topics on:

 Society and Culture as A Complex Whole
 Aspects and Changes of Culture and Society

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. explain concepts of culture and society and relate it to a real-life situation;
2. show deep appreciation on the collaboration between our culture and society
by means of stating personal pledge;
3. trace terms that are related to the study of culture and the society, and give
examples of such concepts;
4. analyze aspects of and changes in culture and society
5. appreciate the general characteristics of culture as means of enriching our
own culture; and
6. write examples of real-life situations that best describe the characteristics of
culture.

1 CO_Q1_UCSP SHS
Module 2
 What I Know

General Direction: Read the following items carefully. Write the letter that
corresponds to your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Analyze all the given statements. Trace which one is the best description of
the complexity of culture and society.
a. Society can exist without culture.
b. Culture can exist without society.
c. Society can operate without culture command.
d. People carry and transmit culture as members of society.
2. Culture is a way of life of people. According to Edward B. Tylor, culture is
regarded as “a complex whole.” The word “complex” is synonymous to the word
.
a. simple c. complicated
b. plain d. easy
3. Which of the following choices is not part of the so-called concepts of culture?
a. Language c. Religion
b. Institution d. Traditions
4. Which of the following is not an example of culture?
a. Fiesta c. Machines
b. Courtship d. Emotions
5. Which statement is wrong about the concept of culture?
a. Culture is a way of life transmitted through social interaction.
b. Every society has its own distinctive culture.
c. Culture refers to group’s ways of behaving and thinking.
d. Culture can evolve into anything.
6. How do we learn our culture?
a. through social interaction c. biologically inherited
b. by reading books d. All choices are correct.
7. All of the following items are parts of complexity in a society. Which one does
not belong to the group?
a. Organization c. Food
b. Beliefs d. Symbols
8. Culture is a way of life of people. According to Edward B. Tylor, culture is
regarded as “a complex whole.” The word “complex” is synonymous to the word
.
a. simple c.complicated
b. plain d. easy
9. Edward B. Tylor described culture as “a complex whole.” Which of the
following choices supports Tylor’s description on culture?

2 CO_Q1_UCSP SHS
Module 2
 a. Culture as a complex whole means it encompasses traits and
values of the society.
b. Culture as a complex whole means it includes laws and norms in the
government.
c. Culture as a complex whole means it deals with everything that a
person learns and shares as a member of the society.
d. Culture as a complex whole means it refers to the beliefs and traditions
of modern Filipinos.
10. Culture is defined as the process through which human beings satisfy their
wants. This statement simply means that culture is .
a. continuous c. social
b. gratifying d. transmitted
11. “Culture is not something that an individual alone can possess.” Which
characteristic or aspect of culture is best described by the said statement?
a. Culture is learned. c. Culture is continuous.
b. Culture is shared. d. Culture is transmitted.
12. The following are all considered as means of transmitting culture among
members of the society. Which one is the main vehicle of passing culture from
one generation to another generation?
a. Instruction c. Language
b. Imitation d. Symbols
13. Culture develops through social interaction. No man can acquire culture
without association with others. What aspect of culture is best suitable for
this statement?
a. Culture is shared. c. Culture is transmitted.
b. Culture is social. d. Culture is learned.
13-14. Which statements are not true about the aspects of culture in relation to
society?
a. Culture is shared and learned within societies.
b. Culture is continuous and growing.
c. There are known human societies that do not exhibit culture.
d. Culture does not vary from society to society.
15. One of the characteristics of culture is being continuous and cumulative. No
culture remains constant or unchanged; it is subject to slow but constant
change. Culture is responsive to the changing conditions of the physical
world; hence, it is dynamic. Which scenario below best fits as an example of
the given statements on culture?
a. The Department of Education conducts learning instruction through
blended learning modalities and not the face-to-face strategy which
people are already used to.
b. The Department of Health pursues and promotes proper self-care or
health care to avoid virus-related illnesses.
c. The Department of Interior and Local Government strictly implements
directives on preventing drug-related activities and other correlated
events.
d. The Department of Public Works and Highways pursues and supports
the administration’s “Build, Build, Build Program,” in order to invite
foreign and local investors.

3 CO_Q1_UCSP SHS
Module 2
 What’s In

This self-learning module will help you understand the concepts of culture
and society. Particularly, you will learn culture and society as a complex whole, as
well as other aspects. This module will help you understand culture as that field
which encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts,
symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of
society. In addition, the module will help you understand the features of culture and
society, and the significant changes or transformation happening in the present
society.

Activity 1 #LearningStationActivity
Directions: Based on the previous discussion, kindly recall ideas related to
anthropology, sociology, and political science. Write them on the
provided learning stations below.

Station 1 Station 2 Station 3

ANTHROPOLOGY SOCIOLOGY POLITICAL SCIENCE

4 CO_Q1_UCSP SHS
Module 2
 What’s New

Activity 2 #wordhunt101
Encircle the words related to the study of culture and society.

S A F U R P V G D A D A

Y E W Z D R A S M R V T

M K B R T A Y I O T L T

B P X G H C B K N I O I

O T R A I T S Q A F S T

L X B E L I E F S A O U

S Z B T E C J Y U C L D

K N O W L E D G E T Q E

E G B M I S V A L U E S

S C K L A W S M S V D G

Activity 3 #situation-analysis
Analyze each situation. Identify the features of culture described in each
statement. In addition, the jumbled letters on the right will be your guide in
identifying these characteristics.

5 CO_Q1_UCSP SHS
Module 2
 Evangelista family was known for their
Culture is
religiosity. Francis, the youngest of the
1.
family, learned how to pray the Holy
Rosary E L E A D R N
and the “Oracion” at the age of
10. According to him, his grandparents
were the ones who taught him the proper

Marco didn’t know how to speak

Tagalog well, not until he met his new
circle of friends. They were speaking the Culture is
said language. His usual interactions and 2.
bonding with them made him well
versed in such language, making him a
S L O A C I
good communicator in Filipino.

The way Filipinos celebrate New Year

is truly different from the way Chinese
conduct the same event. Pinoys have it Culture has
every end of December, while Chinese 3.
hold it by the month of February. In this
manner, the two races are observing
different beliefs, practices, and
V Y A T R E I
traditions.

A gay fashion designer, Roberta,

migrated in the U.S.A since 2001. This
Culture is
year, he visited his former employer in
the Philippines to be the guest speaker 4.
of an event. Roberta was able to
introduce new fashion techniques he S D H E A R
had learned from the States.

Karlo and Andrea used to celebrate

Culture is
birthdays, Valentines, Christmas, and
New Year together. These celebrations 5.
had been part of their life as
sweethearts, making their life satisfied G R A G I N T IFY
and ideal.

6 CO_Q1_UCSP SHS
Module 2
 Mrs. Isabella owned a famous
restaurant in their hometown. Its
bestsellers were the unique recipes of Culture is
bulalo and kare-kare. According to her, 6.
their family managed to run the
business despite all the challenges. In COUSNTIUTON
fact, she inherited the business from her
great grandmother.

Anselmo is a proud grandfather

to his 12 grandchildren. He often
shared his childhood experiences with
them including stories during the old
Culture is
times. He also demonstrated Filipino 7.
values such as saying “po & opo”,
pagmamano, etc. All these traits were TRNASMIEDTT
being transferred to and practiced by
his grandchildren.

7 CO_Q1_UCSP SHS
Module 2
 What is It

Activity 4
Did you have a hard time looking for words pertaining to culture and society? Now
let’s try to go deeper. Analyze the following questions and write your answers on the
space provided.

1. How are the words in your activity connected to the study of culture and
society? Try to compare the way of life then and now, are there any changes
in our culture in the society?

Answer:

2. Can culture and society function well without these things (aspects of
culture)? State your own analysis on this?

Answer:

3. How do you define the terms “culture” and “society”? You can cite some
instances.

Answer:

4. Can a society function without culture, or can a culture exist without society?
Why?

Answer:

5. What are the characteristics or aspects of culture? Please enumerate them

on the space provided.
Answer

6. How can these characteristics of culture help us in appreciating our culture

& society?

Answer:

7. Mahatma Gandhi once said, “A nation’s culture resides in the heart and in the
soul of its people”. How will you interpret this quote based from your keen
observations in our society?

Answer:

8 CO_Q1_UCSP SHS
Module 2
 CULTURE and SOCIETY as a COMPLEX WHOLE
Edward Tylor, one of the founders of modern
anthropology, characterize culture as a “complex whole”
which encompasses beliefs, practices, traits, values,
attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge and
ON FOCUS everything that a person learns and shares as a member
of the society.1

In this part of your The “complex whole” above suggests that culture
journey, we provide cannot be simply broken down into a set of
something for you to characteristics. It means that an understanding of a part
deepen your can only be achieved in relation to other parts of the
understanding about system. This requires an approach where all at once, one
culture. can get an appreciation of what culture is all about
without being bothered by its complexity or by any
Please continue reading
with comprehension as definition that attempts to capture such complexity.
you discover further
knowledge that will A society cannot exist apart from culture. A society
help you out in your may refer to group of people that follows or shares same
quest on the remaining cultures. People, as members of the society, possess,
phases of this lesson.
produce and also transmit culture but they cannot
consider themselves as culture. No culture can exist
HAPPY READING!
without social interaction in society; meanwhile, society
cannot exist in the absence of people who have learned to
live and work together.
1 G.M. Lanuaza and S.S.Raymundo, Understanding Culture, Society,
and Politics Manila: Rex Boolstore, 2016, 7-12.

IN FOCUS

9 CO_Q1_UCSP SHS
Module 2
 CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE
1. Culture is social because it is the product of behavior.
 Culture does not exist in isolation. It is a product
of society. It develops through social interaction.
No man can acquire culture without association
with others.

IN FOCUS

In this part of your

journey, we provide 2. Culture varies from society to society.
something for you to  Every society has a culture of its own that differs
deepen your from other societies. The culture of every society
understanding about
is unique by itself. Cultures are not uniform.
culture.
Cultural elements like customs, traditions, morals,
Please continue values, and beliefs are not constant.
reading with
comprehension as you
discover further
knowledge that will
help you out in your
quest on the
remaining phases of
this lesson.

HAPPY READING!
3. Culture is shared.
 Culture is not something that an individual alone
can possess. Culture, in sociological sense, is
shared. For example, people of a society share all
customs, traditions, beliefs, ideas, values, morals,
etc.

4. Culture is learned.
 Culture is not inborn. It is learned. Unlearned behavior then, is not culture.
Shaking hands, saying thanks, etc. are cultural behaviors. Not all behaviors
are learned, but most of these can be. Combing hair, standing in line, telling

10 CO_Q1_UCSP SHS
Module 2
 jokes, criticizing the president, and going to movies all constitute behaviors
that need to be learned.

5. Culture is transmitted among members of society.

 Cultural ways are learned by people from others. Many of these ways are
handed down from elders, parents, teachers, and others (most likely
individuals of older generation), while other cultural behaviors are handed
up to elders. Transmission of culture is made possible by language.
Language is the main vehicle of culture. Transmission of culture may take
place also through imitation as well as through instruction.

6. Culture is continuous and cumulative.

 Culture exists as a continuous process. In its historical growth, it tends to
become cumulative. Ralph Linton called culture “the social heritage” of man.
No culture ever remains constant or permanent. It is subject to slow but
constant variation. Likewise, culture is responsive to the changing conditions
of the physical world; hence, it is dynamic.

7. Culture is gratifying and idealistic.

 Culture provides proper opportunities for the satisfaction of our needs and
desires. Our needs, both biological and social, are fulfilled in cultural ways.
Culture consists of the intellectual, artistic, and social ideals, and institutions
where members of the society profess and strive to confirm.

2 G.M. Lanuaza and S.S.Raymundo, Understanding Culture,

Society, and Politics Manila: Rex Bookstore, 2016, 7-12.

11 CO_Q1_UCSP SHS
Module 2
 What’s More

Activity 5 #illustrativecollagecrafting
Create your own illustrative collage that depicts your comparative
perspective on the concept of culture and society. Focus on the theme. After
doing the collage, complete the statement below the box.
Rubrics
Content relevance 6 pts.
Creativity 4
pts.
10 pts.

Theme: “Our Culture: Then and Now”

Guide Questions:
A. What composes our culture? Complete the statement. Culture and
society as a complex whole means it encompasses the

, , ,
, , ,
, , ,
and .

B. Can you say that changes exist in our society’s culture? How did you say
so? You can cite examples or situations.

12 CO_Q1_UCSP SHS
Module 2
Activity 6 #comicstrips

Create a “convo” (conversation) regarding the different aspects of society

and their significant changes or transformation happening in our present way
of living. Craft your own comic strip as if you are sharing it to a dear friend or
classmate.
Rubrics
Content of Comic strip 8 pts.
Creativity 4 pts.
Convo flow 3 pts.
15 pts.

1 2
Really? Okey,
Hello! Let me what is it all
share to you about?
what I have
learned in
UCSP…

3 4

5 6

13 CO_Q1_UCSP SHS
Module 2
 What I Have Learned

Activity 7 #Let’sSumUp!
After learning concepts from the previous phases of the module, answer the
“EXIT CARD” and write down your thoughts on the blanks.

Exit Card – 3 Thoughts that you have learned today

2 Things that you want to remember
1 Question you still have in mind

3 Thoughts I have learned…

2 Things I want to remember…

1 Question I have in mind…

14 CO_Q1_UCSP SHS
Module 2
 What I Can Do

Activity 8 #Virtualfest&festival

Situation: A virtual cook fest & arts festival shall be held. You are the
Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) chairperson in your barangay. At the same time,
you are elected as the president of the Sangguniang Kabataan (SK)
Federation in your municipality/city. You are tasked to be the coordinator in
the upcoming “Cook Fest and Arts Festivals”. Write down your plans and
major directions to the following institutions or committees in order to
make the program organized and well-coordinated. Use the spaces provided.

Local Government
Unit

Social Media Civil Society

Promotion Groups

Guidelines and Private

Mechanics Individual

Programs/
Activities

15 CO_Q1_UCSP SHS
Module 2
Activity 8 #i-cover “Sinulog Festival”
Situation: Let’s try to go back to the old normal. As a potential
journalist, you are assigned to document one of the most
famous festivals in our country, the “Sinulog Festival.” During
the event, you need to take pictures and write down notes of the
important things about the festival that are related to the
different characteristics of culture.

Culture is learned.
_______ Ex. Dancers learn the steps thru
the help of choreographer and
teachers.

Culture is transmitted.

Culture varies from other

societies.

16 CO_Q1_UCSP SHS
Module 2
REFLECTION

#mypledge

Make your own pledge by stating your deep appreciation of the collaboration between
our culture and society as means of developing harmonious relationship among
people in the society.

I, ,do solemnly pledge

17 CO_Q1_UCSP SHS
Module 2
 Assessment

General Direction: Read the following items carefully. Write the letter that
corresponds to your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Sinulog Festival is Cebuano’s way of honoring Sto. Nino; Pangasinan’s

Bangus festival signifies their bountiful harvest of fishes particularly bangus;
meanwhile, Bicolano’s “Bicol express” truly marks their “Uragon” (courageous)
style because of the spiciness and hotness of the said food. The mentioned
traditions represent culture as being .
a. symbolic c. encompassing
b. integrated d. learned
2. Mang Isko and Aling Perla used to have a family devotion (prayer) every
Saturday. They demonstrate and explain to their children the reason for
having deep faith to God. What aspect of culture is best suitable for this
situation?
a. Culture is shared. c. Culture is transmitted.
b. Culture is social. d. Culture is learned.
3. Maharlika is a young woman of Agta tribe. She is excellent in performing
their ethnic dance. According to her, the elders in their tribe transferred the
steps of the dance to her. What characteristic or aspect of culture is being
referred to by this experience?
a. Culture is learned. c. Culture is continuous.
b. Culture is shared. d. Culture is transmitted.
4. The following are all considered as means of transmitting culture among
members of the society. Which one is the main vehicle of passing culture from
one generation to another generation?
a. Instruction c. Language
b. Imitation d. Symbols
5. Pinoys are fond of singing and listening to music. Before, people used to do
sing-a-long with a jukebox, then it was changed to karaoke, and now, most
people sing their favorite songs in videoke. Their ways of enjoying music has
gone through changes but still lives up until today. Therefore, culture is
.
a. learned c. continuous
b. shared d. transmitted
6. In the United States, once a person reached the age of 18, he/she can live
freely outside the guidance of parents, while here in the Philippines, we are
family-oriented, meaning some are free to live with parents until they grow
old. This statement simply means that culture is .
a. Culture is continuous. c. Culture is social.
b. Culture is varied. d. Culture is transmitted.

18 CO_Q1_UCSP SHS
Module 2
7. Gentriseños are known for celebrating the Valenciana festival. In times of
barangay fiestas, people actively participate in the so-called “karakul.”
Carmela has observed this specific way of life of the Gentriseños since
childhood. At present, this custom is still embedded in her heart. This story
tells us that culture is acquired by being bornt into a particular society. What
aspect of culture does it describe?
a. symbolic c. encompassing
b. intergrated d. learned
8. One of the characteristics of culture is being continuous and cumulative. No
culture remains constant or unchanged; it is subject to slow but constant
change. Culture is responsive to the changing conditions of the physical
world; hence, it is dynamic. Which scenario below best fits as an example of
the given statements on culture?
a. The Department of Education conducts learning instruction through
blended learning modalities and not the face-to-face strategy which
people are already used to.
b. The Department of Health pursues and promotes proper self-care or
health care to avoid virus-related illnesses.
c. The Department of Interior and Local Government strictly implements
directives on preventing drug-related activities and many other
correlated events.
d. The Department of Public Works and Highways pursues and supports
the administration’s “Build, Build, Build Program,” in order to invite
foreign and local investors.
9. Which of the following refers to the “way of life” of individuals in a community?
a. Society c. Manner
b. Culture d. Organization
10. cannot exist apart from culture. It is an organized group of
individuals who share common/related manner of living.
a. Institution c. Organization
b. Corporation d. Society
11. Which of the following words can best describe culture and society as a
complex whole?
a. interdependent c. interrelated
b. interactive d. All choices are correct.
12. Analyze all the given statements. Trace which one is the best statement
about the complexity of culture and society.
a. Society can exist without culture.
b. Culture can exist without society.
c. Society can operate without culture command.
13. People carry and transmit culture, but they are not culture.
Edward B. Tylor described culture as “a complex whole.” Which of the
following choices supports Tylor’s description of culture?
a. Culture as complex whole means it encompasses traits and values of
the society.
b. Culture as complex whole means it includes laws and norms in the
government.

19 CO_Q1_UCSP SHS
Module 2
 c. Culture as complex whole means it deals with everything that a person
learns and shares as a member of the society.
d. Culture as complex whole means it refers to the beliefs and traditions
of modern Filipinos.
14. Which statement is wrong about the concept of culture?
a. Culture is a way of life transmitted through social interaction.
b. Every society has its own distinctive culture.
c. Culture refers to a group’s ways of behaving and thinking.
d. Culture can evolve into anything.
15. Does culture affect our lives in terms of the way we view society and interact
with other people?
a. Yes c. Uncertain
a. No d. Maybe

Additional Activities

#i-can-FILL-it!
Complete the following phrases…

Culture will never be a culture without

Society will not exist without

20 CO_Q1_UCSP SHS
Module 2