Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
5 views

Introduction to Operating System

The document provides an overview of operating systems, defining them as the first program installed on a computer that manages resources and provides user interfaces. It outlines the functions, objectives, and components of operating systems, including hardware, the kernel, and user applications. Additionally, it discusses various contemporary operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, Unix, Macintosh Mac, and Linux distributions.

Uploaded by

Aymen Mohammed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

Introduction to Operating System

The document provides an overview of operating systems, defining them as the first program installed on a computer that manages resources and provides user interfaces. It outlines the functions, objectives, and components of operating systems, including hardware, the kernel, and user applications. Additionally, it discusses various contemporary operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, Unix, Macintosh Mac, and Linux distributions.

Uploaded by

Aymen Mohammed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

Operating System

Introduction to Operating
System
• 1673-‫حال‬
• Lecturer by : Saud Alshahrani

1
• It is the first program installed on the computer to
manage all its resources and provide the user with an
interface that enables him to deal with the hardware
components of the computer.
• Computer resources include the physical
components of memory, storage units, input and

Operating System output units, files, programs, and others.


• Is a program that acts as an intermediary between a
Definition user of a computer and the computer hardware.
• Is the set of programs that controls a computer.

2
Functions of the Operating
System:
• Identify the hardware components of the computer.
• Control the way each of these parts works.
• Managing and arranging tasks while operating the device and ensuring
that they do not overlap.
• The connection between the component parts of the device.
• Maintaining operational efficiency (by following up the components of
the device and discovering and repairing defects)

3
Main Objectives of the
Operating System
• Implementation of user applications.
• Providing a suitable environment for use.
• Maximum use of resources.

4
Computer System
Components:
• Hardware Components.
• Kernel.
• Operating System Interfaces.
• User Applications.
• Users

5
Hardware Components
• computer consists of one or more processors, memory,
storage units, input and output devices, and buses to
connect devices to each other.

6
Kernel
• The core of every computer operating system serves as the
link between computer hardware and software, and also
performs the process of controlling hardware resources.

7
Kernel
• The kernel manages the physical components of the computer and is divided into:
• art responsible for managing the processor and called the Process Manager.
• Part responsible for memory and called the Memory Manager.
• Part responsible for managing input and output devices called Device Manager.
• Part responsible for storage devices called the File Manager.
• A part responsible for dealing with the network called the Network Manager.

8
Operating System Interfaces
• The interfaces of the operating system to the user and its
applications provide communication
• with the kernel. There are three types of interfaces:
• Graphical User Interface (GUI).
• Command interpreter (shell).
• System call interface

9
Operating System Interfaces
• System call interface: If user programs need a specific
service from the operating system, they use the system
call because user programs are not allowed direct access
to hardware components, but the operating system kernel
is the one that can do that

10
Contemporary Operating
Systems
• There are many operating systems, differing according to
different systems, devices and purposes. Some of them
are used to manage one personal device, others are used
to manage multi-processor devices, some are used to
manage handheld devices, and some are used to manage
embedded devices...etc

11
Contemporary Operating
Systems
• Microsoft Windows: A high percentage of computers use
Windows that run on Intel processors and compatible
processors. There are several versions of it, such as
Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 8 and Windows 10,
that are used on personal computers, and like Windows
advanced server and Windows 3111 that are used on
servers.

12
Contemporary Operating
Systems
• Unix: Designed in 1974 by Dennis Ritchie and Ken
Thompson while they were working at AT & T Bell
Laboratories. The goal was a small. Then it spread in
universities and research centers in 1980 and from the
famous. Unix versions: V Unix and BSD, which is the first
operating system written entirely in a high level language,
as it is written in C.

13
Contemporary Operating
Systems
• Macintosh Mac: Designed to run on Apple Macintosh
devices that are widespread in printing and publishing
houses. It is powerful and easy to use. Windows took the
idea of windows and the desktop from this system, as it
was the first operating system to support graphic
interfaces, icons and menus on a desktop.

14
Contemporary Operating
Systems
• Linux distributions: It is a miniature version of UNIX
designed to run on personal computers. It is open source,
as it allows freedom to modify the code and redistribute,
and there are hundreds of distributions, the most recent
and most famous of which is the Ubuntu distribution,
which supports all languages of the world, interface and
writing, including the Arabic language.

15
Thanks
16

You might also like