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1. Java Roadmap V1

The document outlines a comprehensive Java interview preparation roadmap, covering topics from Core Java Basics to advanced concepts like Spring AOP and REST API Development. It includes detailed sections on Java fundamentals, collections, concurrency, design patterns, and various frameworks such as Hibernate and Spring. Additionally, it provides contact information for full access to the Java interview prep website and downloadable resources.

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bhanu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
25 views

1. Java Roadmap V1

The document outlines a comprehensive Java interview preparation roadmap, covering topics from Core Java Basics to advanced concepts like Spring AOP and REST API Development. It includes detailed sections on Java fundamentals, collections, concurrency, design patterns, and various frameworks such as Hibernate and Spring. Additionally, it provides contact information for full access to the Java interview prep website and downloadable resources.

Uploaded by

bhanu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 34

Free Demo Website- for interview PREP

www.myjavainterview.in V1
FIRST
Full Website, Requires Access, Message Me VERSION

www.yellowcoder.in

Java
ROADMAP
@backend.interview.preparation
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1. Core Java Basics
1. Variables, Expressions
2. Primitive Types, byte, short, long and width
3. Casting in Java
4. Primitive Types
5. Floating Point Precision
6. The char and boolean Primitive Data Types
7. Primitive Types Recap and the String Data Type
8. Operators, Operands and Expressions
9. Abbreviating Operators
10. The switch statement
11. The for Statement, The while and do while statements
12. Local Variables and Scope
13. The class, the object, static & instance fields and methods
14. Parsing Values and Reading Input using System.console()
15. Exception Handling, and Introduction to Scanner
16. Reading Input with Scanner
17. Testing the runtime type using the instanceof operator
18. Organizing Java Classes, Packages and Import Statements
19. Enum, Using a Enum
20. Serialization, DeSerialization
21. Key Reflection API Classes
22. Introduction to arrays, Initialization of array
23. Autoboxing and unboxing

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2. Advanced Java Concepts
Generics
Comparable vs. Comparator
Generic classes as reference types
Generics methods, wildcards, and type erasure
Static methods & multiple upper bounds
Bounded type parameters
Wildcards in Java Generics

Nested Classes
Static Nested Classes
Inner Classes
Local Classes
Anonymous Classes

File Processing and Exception Handling


File Processing with Exception Handling,Keyboard Input
Buffered File Reader with Try Catch and Finally

Exception Handling
ArrayIndexOutOfBoundException, NullPointerException
Exception Class Hierarchy and Handling
Using throw and throws keyword, Custom Exceptions
Try with Resources and the AutoCloseable Interface
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3. Collections
List interface Comparable and Comparator
Array Lists HashMap and internal Working
Linked Lists HashMap Vs HashTable
Vector Need of Concurrent Collections
Stack Concurrent Modification
HashSet Exception
LinkedHashSet How Concurrent Collection
SortedSet Solved the problems
NavigableSet ConncurentHashMap Heirarchy
TreeSet and Methods
03-Linked HashMap ConncurentHashMap internal
04 - IdentityHashMap Implementation
05 - WeakHashMap CopyonWrite ArrayList
06 - Sorted Map CopyOnWriteArrayList -
07 - NavigableMap Constctuctors and Methods
08 - TreeMap CopyOnWriteArraySet

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4. Java 8
What is Lambda expression
Predicate and BiPredicate Functional Interfaces
Supplier Functional Interfaces
Consumer and BiConsumer Functional Interfaces
Function and BiFunction Functional Interfaces
UnaryOperator, BinaryOperator Functional Interfaces
What is Streams API
Terminal Operations
Intermediate Operations
Parallel Streams
Default methods in Interface
Static Methods in Interfaces.
Method Reference Double Colon(::) Operator.
Date & Time API ( Joda API)

5. Java 17
1. Sealed classes
2. Records
3. Text blocks

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6. JDBC
Introduction to JDBC
JDBC architecture
JDBC API
Driver interface vs Driver class vs Driver software
Types of Drivers
Standard steps to develop JDBC application
Working with Type-1 Driver
Working with Type-2 Driver
Working with Type-3 Driver
Working with Type-4 Driver
Working with Type-5 Driver
Write Programs for create & Drop tables
How to read dynamic input from the keyword
How to form sql queries with dynamic input
Write Program for basic CRUD operations
Realtime coding Standards for JDBC application
develop & run JDBC application with IDEs
Working with mySql database

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7. JVM Internals
Java Memory Model
Class Loader Subsystem
How the stack works, How the heap works
Execution Engine
Garbage Collection
Memory Management
JVM Options and Flags
The role of the Metaspace, The PermGen
The Internals of the Young Generation
Viewing the generations in VisualVM
Are objects always created on the heap
How the string pool is implemented
Interning Strings
JVM Monitoring and Profiling
How Java knows which objects oto removed from Heap
The System.gc() method
Why it's not a good idea to run the System.gc() method
The finalize() method
Generating a heap dump, Viewing a heap dump

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8.Concurrency
Thread Basics, Thread Creation and Execution
Interacting with a Running Thread
Multithreading and Memory
Interleaving, Atomicity, Memory Consistency, Volati
Synchronized methods, synchronized blocks
Producer/Consumer Application, Deadlocks
Avoiding Deadlocks with Wait & Notify
java.util.concurrent.locks
ExecutorService, SingleThreadExecutorService
The FixedThreadPool ExecutorService
Additional Thread Pools, Callable, Submit and the Future
Scheduling Tasks
WorkStealingPool, ForkJoinPool
Parallel Streams, Ordering, Reducing and Collecting
Synchronized & Concurrent Collections
Thread-Safe Lists and Queues, ArrayBlockingQueue
ArrayBlockingQueue, Consumer Tasks
Revisiting Deadlock, and Other Common Problems
Livelock Example, Starvation & Fair Locks
More Java concurrency features
WatcherService (the File Watcher)

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9. Multithreading
Thread Basics
Starting Threads and the Runnable Interface
Synchronized Methods and Blocks
Locks and Lock Interfaces
Immutable Objects
ThreadLocal
Executor Framework
Callable and Future
Volatile Keyword
Atomic Operations
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
Fork-Join Framework
Deadlock Detection and Prevention
Race Conditions
Thread-Safe Collections
CompletableFuture, Asynchronous Programming
Callback Mechanism, Asynchronous Programming
Producer Consumer Pattern Using wait() and notify()
Producer Consumer Pattern Using a BlockingQueue

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10. Design Patterns

Creational Behavioral
Singleton Pattern Chain of Responsibility
Factory Method Command
Abstract Factory Interpreter
Builder Iterator
Prototype Mediator
Memento
Structural Observer
Adapter State
Bridge Strategy
Composite Template Method
Decorator Visitor
Facade
Flyweight
Proxy

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11. OOPS
Classes and Objects
Introduction to Classes, Using Getter Methods
Classes, Using Setters, and Creating Objects
Reference vs Object vs Instance vs Class
Static vs Instance Variables
The POJO
What is java.lang.Object?
this vs super
Method Overloading vs Overriding
String Manipulation Methods
The StringBuilder class
Composition, Encapsulation, Polymorphism
Casting with classes, and using Object and var references
Solid Principles
Single Responsibility Principle
Open-Closed Principle
Liskov Substitution Principle
Interface Segregation Principle
Dependency Inversion Principle

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12. Java Messaging

1. Publish/Subscribe
2. Request/Reply, and Message Filtering
3. Apache Kafka, RabbitMQ, and ActiveMQ
4. Queues, Topics and Partitions
5. Producers and Consumers
6. Brokers, Zookeeper Integration
7. Consumer Groups, Offsets
8. Retention Policies
9. Scaling and High Availability
10. Monitoring and Management
11. Use the JMS API to Implement point to point messaging
12. Use the JMS API to Implement Publish-Subscribe
messaging
13. Use JMS transactions to ensure message delivery

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13. Junit, Mockito
1. Eclipse Project with JUnit and Mockito frameworks.
2. Understand why we need mocks.
3. What is a stub? Create an unit test using Stub?
4. Stubbing variations with Mockito. A few mockito
examples mocking List class : Multiple return values,
Argument Matchers and throwing exceptions.
5. Introduction to BDD. Given When Then.
6. How to verify calls on a mock? Verify how many times a
method is called.
7. How to capture an argument which is passed to a mock?
8. Mockito Annotations. @Mock, @InjectMocks,
@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class), @Captor
9. JUnit Rules. Using MockitoJUnit.rule() instead of
@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class).
10. What is a spy? How to spy with Mockito?
11. Why does Mockito not allow stubbing final and private
methods?
12. PowerMock and Mockito to mock a Static Method.
13. PowerMock and Mockito to invoke a private Method.
14. Using PowerMock and Mockito to mock a constructor.
15. Hamcrest Matchers.
16. Testing Exceptions in JUnit Tests
17. Testing Performance in JUnit Tests
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14. Performance Tuning
1. Understanding and configuring garbage collection
algorithms (e.g., Serial, Parallel, CMS, G1, ZGC).
2. Fine-tuning heap size and generation parameters
3. Monitoring and analyzing garbage collection logs
4. JVM Tuning, Adjusting JVM parameters such as heap
size, thread count, and stack size
5. Optimizing the usage of Java threads
6. Identifying and resolving thread contention issues
7. Using modern concurrency utilities (e.g.,
java.util.concurrent) effectively
8. Analyzing thread dumps and heap dumps
9. Efficient use of JDBC and connection pooling
10. Optimizing SQL queries and database schema
11. Reducing memory leaks and avoiding unnecessary
object retention

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15. Hibernate
1. Hibernate Architecture, Configuration, Annotations
2. Hibernate Session and SessionFactory
3. Hibernate ORM, Entity Lifecycle
4. Persistent, Detached, and Transient States
5. Hibernate Query Language (HQL)
6. Criteria API, Named Queries
7. Caching in Hibernate
8. First-Level Cache, Second-Level Cache, Query Cache
9. Inheritance Mapping, Single Table Inheritance, Table per
Class Inheritance, Joined Table Inheritance
10. Associations and Relationships
11. One-to-One, One-to-Many, Many-to-One, Many-to-Many
12. Lazy and Eager Loading
13. Batch Processing
14. Transactions and Concurrency
15. Fetching Strategies
16. Dynamic and Native SQL Queries
17. Hibernate Validators
18. Event Listeners and Interceptors
19. Fetching Joins, Hibernate and JPA
20. Pagination in Hibernate, Custom User Types
21. Performance Tuning, Versioning and Optimistic Locking
22. Soft Deletes with Filters
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16. Spring Core
Features and benefits of Spring.
Dependency Injection (DI): Constructor-based, Setter-
based, and Field-based.
Bean lifecycle, Bean Scopes - Prototype and Singleton
IoC Container: BeanFactory vs. ApplicationContext.
XML bean configuration.
Learn about @Component, @Autowired, @Qualifier.
Learn about @Configuration and @Bean.
Singleton, Prototype, Request, Session, & Global Session.
@PostConstruct and @PreDestroy.
Implementing InitializingBean and DisposableBean.
Using @Bean’s initMethod and destroyMethod.
Spring batch, scheduling and cron expressions
Maven and gradle build tools
Using Profile Anotation
Configuring environment specific beans
Exploring Lazy and Eager Initialization of Spring Beans
Comparing Lazy Initialization vs Eager Initialization
Exploring Spring Beans - PostConstruct and PreDestroy
Java Annotations vs XML Configuration
Exploring Java Bean vs POJO vs Spring Bean
Introduction to Spring boot devtools
Enabling hot reloading, Spring Boot Actuator
@Transactional annotation, how transaction works
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17. Spring Data Access
What is Spring Data JPA and ORM and Hibernate.
Launch and create H2 Console, JDBC vs Spring JDBC
Understand Spring Boot Autoconfiguration
Inserting and deleting data using Spring JDBC
Learn and use JPQL - Java Persistence Query Language
Querying data using Spring JDBC
Creating a custom Spring JDBC RowMapper
Learn insert and update JPA Repository Methods
Connecting to Other Databases
JPA and EntityManager
Hibernate vs JPA,Hibernate UUID Id Generation
Primary key generation strategies - AUTO, IDENTITY,
SEQUENCE and TABLE
Configure auto generated IDs for the Primary Key fields
Realize the power of Spring Data Finder methods
Learn and use JPQL - Java Persistence Query Language
Execute native sql queries from your Spring Data App
Use Paging and Sorting Learn the different types of
Hibernate Mappings
Reduce Boilerplate Code: Introducing Lombok
Implement Component Mapping
Implement Inheritance Mapping Master Associations
and use all the four types of associations
Transaction Management with Spring Data JPA
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18. Spring MVC

What is Spring MVC


What is DispatcherServlet
Spring MVC Components
How Spring MVC Works Internally
Learn about Front Controller Pattern
Spring Boot Web MVC architecture(Three layer arch)
What Is ViewResolver
Model, Controllers, ViewResolver and Filters
Forms - DataBinding, Validation
Model, ModelMap and ModelAndView
Annotation based approach - @RequestParam,
@PathVariable, @ModelAttribute, @SessionAttributes
etc
Session vs Model vs Request - @SessionAttributes
Exception Handling in Spring MVC - @ControllerAdvice,
@ExceptionHandler
Understanding Spring Boot vs Spring vs Spring MVC
What is Thymeleaf and how Thymeleaf Engine Works
Create Spring Boot Project and Integrate Thymeleaf
Purpose of @EnableWebMVC
Spring MVC Interceptor

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19. Spring AOP
What is Aspect Oriented Programming
What advantage does Spring AOP provide
Spring Boot Starter AOP
Creating a Spring Boot Project for Spring AOP
Creating AOP Logging Aspect and Pointcut
Understand AOP Terminology - Pointcut, Advice, Aspect
and Join Point
Types of Advice in Spring AOP
Using @After, @AfterReturning, @AfterThrowing advices
Using @Around advice to implement performance
tracing
Best Practice : Use common Pointcut Configuration
Creating Custom Annotation and an Aspect for Tracking
Time
What are AOP Proxies
20. Exception Handling & validation
Spring Boot REST API Exception Handling
How to Create and Use Custom Exception
Spring Boot REST API Global Exception Handling
Validation with Spring Boot
Customizing Validation Error Response

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21. REST API Development

Resource and Collection URIs


HTTP Methods: GET, POST, DELETE and PUT
HTTP Headers: Accept and Content Type
Reading Path Variables with @PathVariable annotation
Reading Query String Request Parameters
Making Parameters Optional or Required
Returning Java Object as Return Value
Returning Object as JSON or XML Representation
Set Response Status Code
Reading HTTP POST Request Body. The @RequestBody
annotation.
Validating HTTP POST Request Body
Learn about HTTP PUT Request
Learn about HTTP Delete Request
Learn about an Exception
Return Custom Error Message Object
Learn about a Specific Exception
Throw and Handle You Own Custom Exception
Create and Autowire a Service Layer Class
Constructor Based Dependency Injection

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22. Spring Security
Getting Started with Spring Security
Understanding Spring Fundamentals
Understanding Security principles
Default Spring Security configuration
Form Authentication, Basic Authentication
Inbuilt Filters of Spring Security framework
How to create and configure our own custom filter
Understanding Encoding vs Hashing vs Encryption
Storing Bcrypt Encoded Passwords
Understanding Encoding vs Hashing vs Encryption

23. Method Level Security


Introduction to method level security in Spring Security
Details about method invocation authorization in
method level security
Learn about method level security using @PreAuthorize
and @PostAuthorize
Details about filtering authorization in method level
security
Learn about @PreFilter annotation
Learn about @PostFilter annotation

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24. CSRF, CORS, Authentication
Spring Security framework details and it features
How to adapt security for a Java web application using
Spring Security
Password Management in Spring Security with
PasswordEncoders
Encoding, encryption and hashing
What is CSRF and how to handle CSRF attacks
Ignoring CSRF protection for public APIs
What is CORS, Fixing CORS issue using Spring Security
Authentication Vs Authorization
How Authorities stored inside Spring Security
Authority Vs Role in Spring Security
Configuring Roles Authorization inside web application
Configuring Authorities inside web application
Listening to the Authorization events
Filters in Spring Security and how to write custom filters
Deep dive about JWT (JSON Web Tokens) and the role of
them inside Authentication & Authorization
Applying authorization rules using roles, authorities
inside a web application using Spring Security
Method level security in web/non-web applications
Social Login integrations into web applications
Set up of Authorization Server using KeyCloak, Spring
Authorization Server
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26. OAuth, OpenID Connect
What Problems that OAUTH2 trying to solve
Introduction to OAUTH2
Learn about OAuth2 Sample flow
Learn about Authorization code grant type flow in
OAUTH2
Learn about implicit grant flow in OAUTH2
Learn about Authorization code grant type with PKCE
Learn about password grant type flow in OAUTH2
Learn about client credentials grant type flow in OAUTH2
Learn about refresh token grant type flow in OAUTH2
How resource server validates tokens issued by Auth
server
OpenID Connect & how it is related to OAUTH2

27. KeyCloak
Overview of Keycloak's features as an identity and
access management solution
Configuring client and user details for the Authorization
Code Grant Flow
Setting up client credentials for API-to-API secure
invocations.
Step-by-step setup of MFA in Keycloak.
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28. Spring Microservices/Spring Cloud
Twelve Factor Applications
Decomposing the Monolith into Microservices
Introduction to inter-service communication
What is need of service discovery
Service Discovery with Eureka
Load Balancing with Ribbon
Distributed Tracing with Sleuth and Zipkin
API Gateway with Spring Cloud Gateway
Fault Tolerance with Hystrix
Visualizing traces with zipkin
Using resttemplate for synchronous communication
Using feign client for simplified service calls
Resilience4j: Implementing fault-tolerant mechanisms
Configuring circuit breakers, retry in microservices
Introduction to distributed tracing
Event-Driven Communication with Spring Cloud Stream
Circuit Breaker and Stateful Communication
Load balancing
Monitoring and Management
Explore tools like Eureka, Zuul, and Ribbon
OAuth2 and SSO integration using Spring Security with
Spring Cloud
Spring Cloud Gateway: Setting up routes, filters, and
predicates
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29. Spring Integration and Messaging
What is Spring JMS
What is Event Driven architecture
Introduction to Spring Integration for enterprise
messaging patterns.
Spring Kafka and Spring AMQP for messaging and
event-driven systems.
Using RabbitMQ or Kafka for asynchronous
communication.
Spring Cloud Stream
Learn to create message Listener
Learn to create Message Sender
Message Serialization and Deserialization
Security in Messaging Systems
Error Handling in Messaging Systems
Learn all Messaging Patterns

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30. DEPLOYMENT AND TOOLS
Learn the basics of containerization and why Docker is
widely used.
Step-by-step process of containerizing a Spring Boot
application.
Managing multiple containers and orchestrating
services with Docker Compose.
Overview of Kubernetes and its importance in container
orchestration.
Steps to deploy containerized applications on
Kubernetes.
Techniques for managing resources in Kubernetes
efficiently.
Explore deployment strategies across popular cloud
platforms.
Automating the build, test, and deployment lifecycle.
Implement centralized logging for monitoring and
troubleshooting.
Configuring alerts and creating actionable dashboards
for applications.
Learn the fundamentals of caching to enhance
application performance.
Optimize your application for better speed and
efficiency.
Strategies to secure Spring Boot applications against
vulnerabilities.
Learn to deploy your Spring Boot applications on AWS
31. Caching with Spring
Spring Cache abstraction.
Using EhCache, Redis, or Memcached for caching.
Cacheable annotations: @Cacheable, @CacheEvict.
32. Spring Reactive Programming
Introduction to Reactive Programming
Reactive Stream Specifications
Reactive Stream Workflow
Learn the fundamentals of reactive streams, publishers,
and subscribers
Understand how Project Reactor powers reactive
programming in Spring WebFlux, focusing on Mono and
Flux
Spring WebFlux Overview
Spring Boot WebFlux Application Architecture
Create a reactive rest api
Learn how to handle backpressure when working with
reactive streams.
Build non-blocking web applications and REST APIs
using Spring WebFlux
Reactive Databases
Functional Reactive Programming (FRP)
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33. Spring Tests
Learn how to use JUnit and Mockito to test your Spring
Boot applications.
Leverage @MockBean and @Mock for dependency
injection in tests.
Understand the various annotations provided by Spring
Boot for testing, such as @SpringBootTest and
@DataJpaTest
Learn how to use test slices to test only specific parts of
your application
Test your REST endpoints with MockMvc
Use Testcontainers to create containerized testing
environments
Testing Reactive Code
Learn about Microservices Testing Strategies

34. Spring Boot Performance Tuning


Use Actuator metrics to monitor and optimize the
performance of your Spring Boot application
Use caching to improve the performance of your Spring
Boot application
Use profiling tools to identify performance bottlenecks
in your Spring Boot application.
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35. Actuator
Introduction to Spring Boot Actuator
Integration with Spring Boot
Actuator Endpoints
Custom Endpoints
Security and Endpoints Protection
Monitoring and Metrics
Health Indicators
Info Endpoint
Logging and Auditing
Exposing Additional Information
Remote Management with JMX
Events and Event Listeners
Spring Boot Admin

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36. Microservices Design Patterns
1. Application architecture patterns
Monolithic architecture
Microservice architecture
2. Decomposition
Decompose by business capability
Decompose by subdomain
Self-contained Servicenew
Service per teamnew
3. Refactoring to microservices
Strangler Application, Anti-corruption layer
4. Data management
Database per Service,Shared database
Command-side replica,API Composition
CQRS, Saga,Domain event, Event sourcing
5. Transactional messaging
Transactional outbox
Transaction log tailing
Polling publisher
6. Testing
Service Component Test
Consumer-driven contract test
Consumer-side contract test

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7. Deployment patterns
Multiple service instances per host
Service instance per host
Service instance per VM
Service instance per Container
Serverless deployment
Service deployment platform
8. Cross cutting concerns
Microservice chassis, Service Template
Externalized configuration
9. Communication style
Remote Procedure Invocation
Messaging
Domain-specific protocol
Idempotent Consumer
10. External API
API gateway
Backend for front-end
11. Service discovery
Client-side discovery
Server-side discovery
Service registry
Self registration
3rd party registration

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12. Reliability
a. Circuit Breaker
13. Security
a. Access Token
14. Observability
Log aggregation, Application metrics
Audit logging, Distributed tracing
Exception tracking, Health check API
Log deployments and changes

37. Communication types


1. grpc,
2. HTTP2,
3. Bidirectional Streaming,
4. Protobuf
5. Apache Thrift
38. Caching
1. Caching Frameworks
a. Memcached, Hazelcast, EHCache
2. Caching Types
a. IN Memory, Distributed, Disk Based
3. Caching Techniques
a. Lazy Loading, Write Through, Write Behind...

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39. Distributed Systems
1. Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
2. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
3. Microservices Architecture
4. Consistency Models (e.g., Strong Consistency, Eventual
Consistency)
5. Distributed Transactions
6. Two-Phase Commit (2PC) and Three-Phase Commit (3PC)
7. Fault Tolerance(Replication, Redundancy, Fault
Detection and Recovery)
8. Distributed Databases, Key-Value Stores, NoSQL
Databases
9. Horizontal Scaling, Vertical Scaling, Load Balancing
Algorithms
10. Authentication and Authorization, Secure
Communication
40. Containerization
1. Dockers, Images, Containers
2. Docker Compose, Docker Swarm
3. Docker Networking, Docker Volumes

41. Orchestration
1. Kubernetes
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Ravi Bisht FOLLOW
@backend.interview.preparation

daily reminder

Microservice Projects
and
java interview
preparation website

MESSAGE ME
TO GET ACCESS
- START PREPARING TODAY
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