Name: ______________________________________ Date: ________________________
Student Exploration: Balancing Chemical Equations
Vocabulary: coefficient, combustion, compound, decomposition, double replacement, element,
molecule, product, reactant, single replacement, subscript, synthesis
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)
The scouts are making s’mores out of toasted marshmallows, chocolate, and graham crackers.
5 marshmallows, 3 chocolates, 5 crackers, 4 smores
1. What is wrong with the image below? ___________________________________________
2. Assuming a s’more requires two graham crackers, one marshmallow, and one piece of
2
chocolate, how many s’mores could you make with the ingredients shown? _____________
Gizmo Warm-up
In a chemical reaction, reactants interact to form products.
This process is summarized by a chemical equation. In the
Balancing Chemical Equations Gizmo, look at the floating
molecules below the initial reaction: H2 + O2 → H2O.
2
1. How many atoms are in a hydrogen molecule (H2)? ___
2
2. How many atoms are in an oxygen molecule (O2)? ____
H: 2, O:1
3. How many hydrogen and oxygen atoms are in a water molecule (H2O)? ________________
4. In general, what does a subscript (such as the “2” in H2) tell you about the molecule?
two atoms
_________________________________________________________________________
5. A chemical equation is balanced if the number of each type of atom on the left side is equal
no
to the number of each type on the right side. Is this reaction balanced? ________________
2018
Get the Gizmo ready:
Activity A:
• Check that the Synthesis reaction is selected and
Balancing
that all coefficients are set to one. (The
equations
coefficients are the numbers in the boxes.)
Introduction: The equation H2 + O2 → H2O is unbalanced because there are two oxygen atoms
on the reactants side of the equation, and only one on the products side of the equation. To
balance the equation, you cannot change the structure of any of the molecules, but you can
change the number of molecules that are used.
Question: How are chemical equations balanced?
1. Balance: Turn on Show histograms. The equation is balanced when there are equal
numbers of each type of atom represented on each side of the equation.
In the Gizmo, use the up and down arrows to adjust the numbers of hydrogen, oxygen, and
water molecules until the equation is balanced. When you are done, turn on Show
summary to check your answer.
2
Write the balanced equation here: _____ 1
H2 + _____ 2
O2 → _____ H2O
2. Solve: Turn off Show summary. Use the Choose reaction drop down menu to see other
equations, and balance them. Check your answers and then write the balanced equations.
2
_____ 6
Al + _____ 2
HCl → _____ 3
AlCl3 + _____ H2
2 NaCl → _____
_____ 2 1
Na + _____ Cl2
1
_____ 2
Na2S + _____ HCl → _____
2 1
NaCl + _____ H2S
2 2
1 CH4 + _____ O2 → _____
_____ 1 CO2 + _____ H2O
3. Practice: Balance the following chemical equations. (These equations are not in the Gizmo.)
2
A. _____ 1
Na + _____ Cl2 → _____
2 NaCl
2
B. _____ 2
Na + _____ H2O → _____
2 1
NaOH + _____ H2
C. _____
2 1
Mg + _____ O2 → _____
2 MgO
2
D. _____ KClO3 → _____
2 3
KCl + _____ O2
2 3 1
E. _____ Al + _____ CuO → _____ 3
Al2O3 + _____ Cu
1
F. _____ I2 + _____ 2
2 Na2S2O3 → _____ 1
NaI + _____ Na2S4O6
6
G. _____ 1
Mg + _____ P4 → _____
2 Mg3P2
2018
Activity B:
Get the Gizmo ready:
Classifying
• Turn off Show summary and Show histograms.
reactions
Introduction: Chemical equations show how compounds and elements react with one
another. An element is a substance consisting of one kind of atom, such as aluminum (Al) or
oxygen gas (O2). A compound is a substance made of more than one kind of atom, such as
water (H2O) or table salt (NaCl).
Question: How are chemical reactions classified?
1. Match: Most chemical reactions can be classified as one of four types. Using the chemical
equations in the Gizmo as a guide, match the following definitions to the type of reaction.
B
____ One reactant is broken down into two or A. Synthesis
more products.
E
____ A fuel combines with oxygen to produce B. Decomposition
carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
A Two or more reactants combine to form
____ C. Single replacement
one product.
D
____ Two compounds react to form two D. Double replacement
different compounds.
C
____ A compound reacts with an element to E. Combustion
form a new compound and a different
element.
2. Practice: Balance each of the chemical equations below. (Some equations may already be
in balance.) In the space to the right, classify the reaction as a synthesis, decomposition,
single replacement, double replacement, or combustion.
1 AgCl + ___
1 KCl → ___
1 AgNO3 + ___ 1 KNO3 double replacement
A. ___ _______________________
B. ___ 1
1 H2O + ___ SO3 → ___
1 H2SO4 synthesis
_______________________
C. ___ 1 Cl2 → ___
2 KI + ___ 2 KCl + ___
1 I2 decomposition
_______________________
2
D. ___ 1 Na2CO3 + ___
NaHCO3 → ___ 1 CO2
1 H2O + ___ _______________________
decomposition
E. ___ 2 HCl → ___
1 Zn + ___ 1 ZnCl2 + ___
1 H2 single replacement
_______________________
1 Na2SO4 → ___
1 BaCl2 + ___
F. ___ 2 NaCl
1 BaSO4 + ___ double replacement
_______________________
5 O2 → ___
1 C3H8 + ___
G. ___ 4 H2O
3 CO2 + ___ combustion
_______________________
3 CuCl2 → ___
2 Al + ___ 2 single replacement
H. ___ 3 Cu
AlCl3 + ___ _______________________
2018
