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Exception Handling in Java Basic

The document provides an overview of Exception Handling in Java, explaining its importance in maintaining the normal flow of applications during runtime errors. It outlines the types of exceptions (checked, unchecked, and errors), the differences between them, and the keywords used for handling exceptions. Additionally, it includes examples of common exceptions and demonstrates exception handling through a try-catch block.

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Sami Sami Ullah Jan
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2 views

Exception Handling in Java Basic

The document provides an overview of Exception Handling in Java, explaining its importance in maintaining the normal flow of applications during runtime errors. It outlines the types of exceptions (checked, unchecked, and errors), the differences between them, and the keywords used for handling exceptions. Additionally, it includes examples of common exceptions and demonstrates exception handling through a try-catch block.

Uploaded by

Sami Sami Ullah Jan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exception Handling in Java

The Exception Handling in Java is one of the powerful mechanism to handle the runtime
errors so that the normal flow of the application can be maintained.

In this tutorial, we will learn about Java exceptions, it's types, and the difference between
checked and unchecked exceptions.

Exception is an abnormal condition.

In Java, an exception is an event that disrupts the normal flow of the program. It is an object
which is thrown at runtime.

What is Exception Handling?

Exception Handling is a mechanism to handle runtime errors such as


ClassNotFoundException, IOException, SQLException, RemoteException, etc.

Advantage of Exception Handling

The core advantage of exception handling is to maintain the normal flow of the
application. An exception normally disrupts the normal flow of the application; that is why
we need to handle exceptions. Let's consider a scenario:

  statement 2;
 statement 3;
 statement 4;
 statement 5;//exception occurs
 statement 6;
 statement 7;
 statement 8;
 statement 9;
 statement 10;
Suppose there are 10 statements in a Java program and an exception occurs at statement 5; the rest
of the code will not be executed, i.e., statements 6 to 10 will not be executed. However, when we
perform exception handling, the rest of the statements will be executed. That is why we use
exception handling in Java.

Types of Java Exceptions

There are mainly two types of exceptions: checked and unchecked. An error is considered as
the unchecked exception. However, according to Oracle, there are three types of exceptions
namely:

1. Checked Exception
2. Unchecked Exception
3. Error
Difference between Checked and Unchecked Exceptions
1) Checked Exception

The classes that directly inherit the Throwable class except RuntimeException and Error are
known as checked exceptions. For example, IOException, SQLException, etc. Checked
exceptions are checked at compile-time.

2) Unchecked Exception

The classes that inherit the RuntimeException are known as unchecked exceptions. For
example, ArithmeticException, NullPointerException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException,
etc. Unchecked exceptions are not checked at compile-time, but they are checked at runtime.

3) Error

Error is irrecoverable. Some example of errors are OutOfMemoryError,


VirtualMachineError, AssertionError etc.

Java Exception Keywords

Java provides five keywords that are used to handle the exception. The following table
describes each.

Keyword Description

try The "try" keyword is used to specify a block where we should place an exception code. It
means we can't use try block alone. The try block must be followed by either catch or
finally.

The "catch" block is used to handle the exception. It must be preceded by try block which
catch
means we can't use catch block alone. It can be followed by finally block later.

The "finally" block is used to execute the necessary code of the program. It is executed
finally
whether an exception is handled or not.

throw The "throw" keyword is used to throw an exception.

The "throws" keyword is used to declare exceptions. It specifies that there may occur an
throws exception in the method. It doesn't throw an exception. It is always used with method
signature.

Java Exception Handling Example

Let's see an example of Java Exception Handling in which we are using a try-catch statement
to handle the exception.

JavaExceptionExample.java

1. public class JavaExceptionExample{


2. public static void main(String args[]){
3. try{
4. //code that may raise exception
5. int data=100/0;
6. }catch(ArithmeticException e){System.out.println(e);}
7. //rest code of the program
8. System.out.println("rest of the code...");
9. }
10. }

In the above example, 100/0 raises an ArithmeticException which is handled by a try-catch block.

1) A scenario where ArithmeticException occurs

If we divide any number by zero, there occurs an ArithmeticException.

1. int a=50/0;//ArithmeticException

2) A scenario where NullPointerException occurs

If we have a null value in any variable, performing any operation on the variable throws a
NullPointerException.

3) A scenario where NumberFormatException occurs

If the formatting of any variable or number is mismatched, it may result into


NumberFormatException. Suppose we have a string variable that has characters; converting
this variable into digit will cause NumberFormatException.
4) A scenario where ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException occurs

When an array exceeds to it's size, the ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException occurs. there may
be other reasons to occur ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException. Consider the following
statements.

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