Shell Script program

The document contains several shell scripts for basic arithmetic operations, checking if a number is even or odd, and categorizing Linux file types. It also includes troubleshooting steps for script errors and issues with file permissions. Additionally, it discusses copying skeleton files for user customization in Cygwin and provides examples of common errors encountered while executing shell scripts.

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Shell Script program

Uploaded by

vikas sharma

Available Formats

Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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Script program

Here's a simple addition program in shell script for you:

#!/bin/bash
# Program to add two numbers

echo "Enter first number: "

read a
echo "Enter second number: "
read b

sum=$((a + b))

echo "The sum of $a and $b is: $sum"

simple shell script to check if a number is even or odd:

#!/bin/bash
# Program to check if a number is even or odd

echo "Enter a number: "

read num

if [ $((num % 2)) -eq 0 ]; then

echo "$num is an even number."
else
echo "$num is an odd number."
fi

run sh evenodd.sh

shell script that performs basic arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication,
and division) on two numbers:

#!/bin/bash
# Program to perform basic arithmetic operations

echo "Enter first number: "

read num1
echo "Enter second number: "
read num2

echo "Choose an operation:"

echo "1. Addition"
echo "2. Subtraction"
echo "3. Multiplication"
echo "4. Division"
read choice

case $choice in
1)
result=$((num1 + num2))
echo "The sum of $num1 and $num2 is: $result"
;;
2)
result=$((num1 - num2))
echo "The difference between $num1 and $num2 is: $result"
;;
3)
result=$((num1 * num2))
echo "The product of $num1 and $num2 is: $result"
;;
4)
if [ $num2 -ne 0 ]; then
result=$((num1 / num2))
echo "The quotient when $num1 is divided by $num2 is: $result"
else
echo "Division by zero is not allowed."
fi
;;
*)
echo "Invalid choice. Please select a valid operation."
;;
esac

Linux file and types

Linux files are categorized into several different types based on their purpose and structure.
Here are the primary types of files you will encounter in a Linux system:

1. Regular Files:
o These are the most common types of files, which contain data, text, or
program instructions.
o Examples: Documents, images, executables, scripts, etc.
2. Directory Files:
o These files contain information about other files and directories.
o They are used to organize files into a hierarchical structure.
o Examples: /home, /var/log, etc.
3. Character Device Files:
o These files represent devices that handle data as a stream of characters, such as
keyboards and mice.
o Examples: /dev/tty0, /dev/console, etc.
4. Block Device Files:
o These files represent devices that handle data in blocks, such as hard drives
and USB drives.
o Examples: /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, etc.
5. FIFO (Named Pipe) Files:
o These files are used for inter-process communication (IPC), allowing data to
be passed between processes.
o FIFO stands for "First In, First Out."
o Example: A named pipe created with the mkfifo command.
6. Socket Files:
o These files are used for network communication between processes.
o Examples: Unix domain sockets and network sockets.
7. Symbolic Links:
o These are files that point to other files or directories.
They act as shortcuts or aliases.
o
Example: A symbolic link created with the ln -s command.
o
8. Hard Links:
o These are additional directory entries pointing to the same inode as an existing
file.
o Unlike symbolic links, they do not break if the original file is deleted.
o Example: A hard link created with the ln command.

Linux uses the ls -l command to display file types, indicated by the first character of the
file permissions:

 -: Regular file
 d: Directory
 c: Character device file
 b: Block device file
 p: FIFO file
 s: Socket file
 l: Symbolic link

Let me know if you have more questions or need further clarification!

 Place the cursor in the last cell of the table and press Ctrl + Enter to insert a
paragraph break. This should move the cursor outside the table.

Fgg
Copying skeleton files.
These files are for the users to personalise their cygwin experience.

They will never be overwritten nor automatically updated.

'./.bashrc' -> '/home/HP//.bashrc'

'./.bash_profile' -> '/home/HP//.bash_profile'
'./.inputrc' -> '/home/HP//.inputrc'
'./.profile' -> '/home/HP//.profile'