ASSESSMENT

1. What is a computer?
2. What are the types of computer?
3. What is data?
4. What is information?
5. What are the components of computer?
6. What is the difference between Hard disk drive and solid state drive
(SSD)?
7. name some common in put devices that you know?
8. What are the output devices of the computer?
9. Name 2 Microsoft office programs that you know ?
10. Name 2 operating system that you know. 1
ANSWERING SESSION

Are you ready to get the answers to those questions?

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 WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
Definition : a computer is an electronic device that processes data according a set of
instructions called software Computer is a device or system that includes hardware,
operating system software, application software, and peripheral devices, which converts
data into information.
Operating
Application
Hardware system Peripherals Users
software software
Usually, Computer is an electronic machine which is use for data processing. The output
which comes after processing data through computer is known as information.
It can take inputs data from the input devices, processed it, stores, and produces output.
The two main components of a computer are:
1. Hardware
2. Software
Hardware: is the physical components of a computer that you can touch and see 3
History of Computers
The evaluation of computer technology is often divided into five generation:

Generation of computers Generations timeline Evolving hardware

First generation 1940s – 1950s Vacuum tube based

Second generation 1950s – 1960s Transistor based

Third generation 1960s – 1970s Integrated circuit based

Fourth generation 1970s – Present Microprocessor based

Fifth generation The present and the futures Artificial intelligence based

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 Common Internal Computer
Components
An Internal components any piece of hardware device that is
located inside the computer.
Examples of internal components include:
• RAM – Random Access Memory
• Hard drive – also called a “hard disc”
• CPU - central processing unit
• Power Supply
• Motherboard – also called the system board.
. Or any hardware device that is located or connected outside the
computer.
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 External components of a computer
An External components is the part of hardware connected outside
the computer.
Examples of external components include:
• Input device – is a piece of hardware device which is used to
enter information to a computer for processing.
Examples: keyboard, mouse, touchpad, microphone, & webcam.
• Output device – is a piece of hardware device that receives
information from a computer.
Examples: monitor, project, printer, scanner speaker, &
headphone
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Storage Devices
A Storage devices is a the system unit component, such as a
hard drive, that enable users to save data for later reuse.
Types of Storage Devices
There are two types of storage devices used in personal
computers are:
1. Primary Storage Devices
2. Secondary Storage Devices

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 Storage Devices – primary storage devices
1. Primary Storage Devices (also known as main memory) is a
very fast in terms of accessing data files, and fit internally to the
computer.
• Size: small / limited in size
• Location: Internal
• Data retention: Temporary
Examples / types of the primary storage devices
- Random access memory (RAM)
- Read only memory (ROM)
- Cache memory and flash memory chip 8
Storage Devices - Secondary storage devices
2. Secondary Storage Devices is designed to store data
permanently. Secondary storage is a non-volatile, long-term
storage.
• Size: large storage capacity
• Location: Internal or external
• Data retention: permanent
Types of the secondary storage devices
- Magnetic storage devices
- Optical storage devices
- Solid state storage device and USB memory sticks
10/4/2022 All right reserved at Jamhuriya University. 9
 Examples of secondary storage memory
1. Solid-State Drives (SSDs):
These use flash memory to store data. They are much faster than HDDs.

2. Memory Cards: These are used in various devices like cameras, phones, and tablets
to store data.
They are also based on flash memory.

3. USB Flash Drives:

These are small, portable storage devices that use flash memory. They are very
convenient for transferring data between devices.
4. CD-ROMs:
These use laser technology to read data from a disc. They are primarily used for
distributing software and media 10
 Lesson objectives
By the end of this lesson the learner should be
able to:
1. Define software
2. State and explain the types of software
3. State the types and common use of system
software
4. State the types and common use of Application
software .

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 SOFTWARE COMPONENTS
What is software?
Software: is a set of instructions which tell the computer what to do.
Types of software
1. Systems software
2. Application software
1. Systems software: This type of software manages the hardware and
creates an environment for applications to run. System software is
further divided into Operating systems and utility software
a. Operating system: An Operating System (OS) is a software that
provides an interface between computer hardware and the user, as well
as applications
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Continued….
b. Utility software:
Examples: Antivirus programs, Disk Cleanup tools Function:
Performs maintenance tasks to ensure the system runs smoot
hly.

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 Operating system
Operating system :There are several types of operating systems. They include

Operating system Company(corporate) produced

Windows OS Microsoft

Linux OS Linux (1 person)

MacOS Apple

Chrome OS Google

Android OS Google
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 Application software
Application software : is a computer programs designed to help users perform specific tasks.
There are divided into several categories. Here are the 2 most common ones
1. Productivity Software Application software Uses
Microsoft Word Creating documents
Microsoft Excel, Creating spreadsheets
Microsoft PowerPoint presentations
Google Docs Creating documents
Google spread sheet Creating spreadsheets
Google slide Creating presentation in
google
2. Creative Software
1. Examples: Adobe Creative Cloud (Photoshop, Illustrator, Premiere Pro), GIMP
2. Uses: Graphic design, photo editing, video editing, and digital art creation.

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TYPES OF COMPUTERS

Size
computers
Purpose
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 According size
size: on their size computers are divided as
Super computers: are a type of high-performance computing (HPC) system that are
designed to perform extremely large and complex calculations at a very high speed.
Mainframe: is a powerful and high-performance computer system that is designed for
handling large-scale, mission-critical applications
Minicomputers: so known as midrange computers or mini-computers, are a class of
computers that fall between mainframe computers and microcomputers (personal
computers).
Microcomputers: also known as personal computers (PCs), are a type of computer that
is designed for individual use. They are compact, affordable, and widely used by
individuals,

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Lesson objectives
• By the end of the lesson the learner should be able to :
• Classify computers according to purpose.
• Define ms words

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COMPUTERS ACCORDING PURPOSE
According to purpose, Computers can be divided into:
1. General purpose computers and,
2. Special purpose computers
General purpose computers: are designed to perform a wide range of tasks and are
versatile in their functionality. They are commonly used for everyday computing
needs and are capable of running various software applications
Examples include
1. personal computers (PCs),
2. laptops,
3. workstations, and server computers . These machines cater to a broad range of
users and applications.
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 SPECIAL PURPOSE COMPUTERS
Special purpose computers :Also known as dedicated or embedded systems, are designed
to perform specific tasks or functions, often optimized for a particular application or use
case.
◼ Examples of special purpose computers include:
1. Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs
2. GPS Navigation Systems: GPS navigation systems, commonly found in cars and mobile
devices
3. Digital Cameras: Digital cameras are special-purpose computers that capture, process,
and store images.
4. Smartphones: 20
 DATA AND INFORMATION
◼ Data: the raw input that a computer program needs to perform
operations or produce meaningful output. E.g 23, “Ahmed”.
◼ Information: refers to the processed or organized data that has been
given meaning. Example
Age:23
Name:Ahmed

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 Application software: Microsoft word
What is Microsoft word?
MS word is an application software which allows the user to create and manipulate
word document such as letters, reports, resumes and so on…….
The first word processor was produced in 1983 by Microsoft

1. Getting started with Microsoft word

To open Microsoft word,
Select the start button
Type word in the search box
Select word from the results
From the start screen locate and select blank document to access word 22
 MS word 2021 interface
The Microsoft word 2021 interface has the following environment Has the
following
The ribbon (tabs and
Commands)
The quick access tool bar
The status bar
The view buttons and many

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 The quick access tool bar
•The quick access tool bar contains commonly used commands.
•By default, it shows the save, undo and redo commands
•The "Undo" function allows you to reverse the
•most recent action. save

undo redo
• the "Redo" command allows you to redo
•the action that was undone

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 Tabs and commands

Home Tab

Clipboard: Cut, Paragraph:

Font: Font style, Styles: Predefined
copy, paste, format Alignment, spacing,
size, color, effects formatting styles
painter indentation, lists

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 Tabs and commands(continued)

Insert Tab

Illustrations: Header &

Pages: Inserting Tables: Creating Links:
Inserting Footer:
pages, page and modifying Hyperlinks,
pictures, shapes, Adding
breaks tables bookmarks
charts, SmartArt headers

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 Tabs and commands(continued)

Layout Tab

Page Setup:
Arrange: Grouping, Size & Properties:
Align: Aligning Margins: Setting page Adjusting page
ungrouping, rotating Resizing and
objects margins orientation, size, and
objects formatting objects
other settings

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 Creating and saving new word document

To create a new blank document

Select the file tab to access the backstage view
Select new then click on blank document
A new blank document will appear

To save a document do the following.

select the file tab
Then click on save as to save As command
Save As is used when saving a document for the first time.
Select the location for the document and give the document a specific name
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