IKUU BOYS HIGH SCHOOL

AUGUST HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT

FORM ONE
PHYSICS

NAME………………………………………….ADM …………………..CLASS……………….

1. In the smoke cell experiment to show Brownian motion in gases, white specks in constant
random motion are seen in the cell. What changes would be observed if the same set up is
viewed at room temperature of about 250C and the then at a temperature of 140C. Explain your
observation. (3marks)

2. Fifteen grams of common salt were added to 1000cm3 of water. After all the salt had
dissolved the volume of solution was found to be 998cm3. Account for the decrease in volume of
the solution. (2mk)

3. Brownian motion of smoke particles can be studied by using the apparatus shown below. To
observe the motion, some smoke is enclosed in the smoke cell and then observed through the
microscope.

Microscope
Lens
Source of
light Smoke particles

Smoke cell

(a) State and explain the observation made. (2mk)

(b) State what will be observed if the temperature surrounding the
smoke cell is increased. (1mk)

(c) What is the function of the following in the experiment above.

(i) Microscope (1mk)

(ii)The Lens (1mk)

4. The figure below shows arrangement of molecules in the three different states of matter.

State 1 State 2 State 3

(a) Name the process represented by the arrow. (1mk)

(b) State the reason for the arrangement of molecules in state 3 (1mk)

5. Name the processes X, Y, and Z taking place below. (4mk)

X

Y Z
LIQUID GAS SOLID
6. The set up in figure below shows some observation made by a form two student in their school
laboratory during a physics class. In fig (a) bubbles were coming out of water when hydrogen
gas was allowed to flow over the porous pot whereas, fig (b) shows water having risen through
the tube.
Hydrogen
Porous pot
Gas

Hydrogen gas
supplied
Air Bubbles

Water

(a) (b)

(i) What was the lesson investigating ? (1mk)

(ii) Briefly explain each observation made in :
I Fig (a) (1mk)
II Fig (b) (1mk)
(ii) Name two factors that would affect the observation made in the experiment set up,
in figure above. (2mks)

7. The set-up shown in the figure below is used to investigate the rate of diffusion of two gases.
B and C are cotton wools soaked in hydrochloric acid and ammonia solution respectively.

B Y C
 A white deposit Y is formed between B and C. Compare the densities of the two gases.
(2mk)

8. Show diagrammatically how you can combine forces of: (a) 9N, 7N and 2N to give a resultant
force of 4 N (2mk) (b) 3N, 5N and 7N to give a resultant force of 15 N. (2mk)

9. The weight of a stone on the moon is found to be 48N. Determine its weight on earth given
that the gravitational force on the moon is 1.6N/kg

10. An object weighs 8.0 N on Earth. What would its weight be on another planet of gravitational
acceleration 6.25 N/kg given that acceleration due to gravity

11. An astronaut weighs 1200 N on Jupiter which has gravitational strength of 20N/Kg. Calculate
i) His mass on Jupiter

ii) His weight on the Earth.

12. A student wearing sharp pointed heeled stiletto shoes is likely to damage a soft wooden floor.
Explain. (2 marks)

13. A block of dimension 0.2m by 0.1m by 5cm has a mass of 500g and rests on a flat surface.
Determine the least pressure that can be exerted by the block on the surface. Least pressure is
exerted by maximum area.
14 . A block of mass 60kg measures 6cm by 5cm by 4cm. Calculate
i. The maximum pressure it can exert.

ii. The minimum pressure.

15. (a) A woman wearing shoes with sharp pointed heels exerts more pressure than an elephant.
Explain? (1 mark)
(b)If the weight of the woman is 600N and her heel have an area of 1.0 𝑐𝑚2 each and the
elephant has a weight of 30,500N and each feet has an area of 730 𝑐𝑚2, calculate by how much
more the woman exerts pressure on the ground than the elephant. (2 marks)

16. A submarine is 30m below sea water of density 𝟏𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟑. If the atmospheric pressure at the
place is equivalent to 760mmHg. Find the total pressure acting on the submarine (Take density of
mercury =13600kg/m3) (4marks)

17. Explain why brakes fail in a hydraulic brake system when air gets in to the system. (2 marks)

18. Explain why a liquid and not a gas must be used as the ‘fluid’ in a hydraulic machine. (1
mark)

19. The area of larger piston of a hydraulic press is 4m2 and that of the other piston is 0.05m2. A
force of 100 N is applied on the smaller piston. How much force is produced on the larger
piston?
20. Figure 2 shows a hydraulic press system using a lever of negligible mass on the side of a
small piston pivoted at point P. A force of l00N is applied at R.

Calculate the force F exerted by small piston on the liquid. (2 marks)

21. (a) Figure 3 shows one form of hydraulic lifting device. The force A causes a pressure in a
liquid. The pressure moves the piston B.
Determine;
i. The pressure in the liquid (3 marks)

ii) The force pushing up on B. (3 marks)

iii) Suggest with a reason what would happen if the liquid was replaced with air. (2 marks)

(b) State principal of transmission of pressure in liquids. (1 mark)

22. A vacuum pump was used to pump out air from the glass tube immersed in liquids as shown
in figure 1 below.
After sometime the level of water rose to position X. Mark Y the corresponding position for the
paraffin level. Give a reason for your answer. (2marks)

23. A U-tube containing mercury is used as a manometer to measure the pressure of a gas in a
container. When the manometer has been connected and the tap opened, the mercury in the U-
tube settles as shown in the diagram below.
If the atmospheric pressure is 760 mmHg and the density of mercury is 13 600 kg/m3, calculate
the pressure of the gas in Pascals. (3marks)

24. The barometric height in a town is 65cmHg. Given that the standard atmospheric pressure is
76cmHg and the density of mercury is 13600kg/m3, determine the altitude of the town. (Take
density of air = 1.25 kg/m3)
(3 marks)

25. A mountain climber with a mercury barometer discovered that the readings of the barometer
at the bottom and top of a certain mountain were 750mmHg and 520mmHg respectively. Given
that the density of air between the bottom and top of the mountain is uniform and equal to 1.25
Kg/m3, estimate the height of the mountain. (Take the density of mercury to be 1.36 x 104
Kg/m3). (3marks)

26. Explain why it may not be possible to suck a liquid into your mouth using drinking straw on
the surface of the moon.

27. Explain why a partially inflated balloon released at sea level would become fully inflated at a
higher altitude.
28. State three applications of atmospheric pressure.

29. In an experiment to demonstrate atmospheric pressure, a plastic bottle is partially filled with
hot water and the bottle is then tightly corked. After some time, the bottle starts to get deformed.
a. State the purpose of the hot water. (1 mark)

b. State and explain the reason why the bottle gets deformed. (2 marks)

30. The figure below shows a lift pump, use it to answer the questions that follow.

Explain why, when the piston is;

I. Pulled upwards, valve A opens while valve B closes. (2 marks)
II. Pushed downwards, valve A closes while valve B opens. (2 marks)

31. Figure 5 shows a flask fitted with a tube dipped into a beaker containing water at room
temperature. The cork fixing the glass tube is tight.

State with reason what would be observed if cold water is poured on to the flask.

32. State and explain two applications of expansion and contraction of solids

33. The figure below shows a metal bar that fits exactly in to the gauge at room temp. The metal
bar is heated and then fitted into the gauge.
State and explain the observations made.

34. The mass M was suspended from a tight copper wire using a rider as shown. The copper wire
was then heated.

State and explain what was observed on the position of M as the wire was heated for some time.

35. When a thermometer is immersed in ice cold water, the mercury thread is observed to rise
before dropping steadily in the capillary tube. Explain.

36. A bottle of soda always has a space between the cap and the top of the liquid. Explain.
In the set up shown below, it is observed that the level of the water in the tube initially rises
before starting to drop. Explain this observation.

37. State why it is necessary to leave an air space in a closed glass bottle of water when it is to be
kept in a refrigerator.
38. (i)Sketch the graph of volume against temperature of water between 0 degree celcius to 10
degrees Celcius

ii) Sketch the graph of density against temperature of water between 0 degrees celcius to 10
degrees celcius
39. Why is it that boiling is not used for sterilization of clinical thermometer?

40. State two advantage of mercury over alcohol as a thermometric liquid.

41. When making the fixed points on a thermometer it is observed that at 0C the mercury thread
is of length 2cm and 8cm at 100C. What temperature would correspond to a length of 6cm.

42. A faulty thermocouple thermometer reads 20 degree celcius when dipped in pure melting ice
and 80 degrees celcius when put in steam above pure boiling water. What would be the reading
of the thermometer when used to measure the temperature of a sick person whose temperature is
42 degrees celcius

43. A clinical thermometer needs to be an accurate maximum thermometer. Explain briefly how
these two basic requirements are achieved.
44. Explain how the thin bore in a liquid-in-glass thermometer improves sensitivity of the
thermometer.

45. State three properties of a good thermometric liquid

46. Describe ONE advantage and ONE Disadvantage of anomalous behavior of water.

47. Explain why a glass container with thick glass walls is more likely to crack than one with a
thin wall when a very hot liquid is poured into them.

48. What is Brownian motion?

49. Distinguish between solid, gas and liquid states of matter in terms of intermolecular forces.

50. State one reason why diffusion in gases is faster than diffusion in liquids.