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Chapter 8 Introduction of Database Management System

Chapter 8 introduces Database Management Systems (DBMS), explaining that a database is an organized collection of data maintained electronically, while DBMS software is used to manage this data. It outlines the differences between data and information, the advantages of using a DBMS, and various data models such as hierarchical, network, and relational models. Additionally, it defines key terms related to relational databases and describes objects within an RDBMS, including tables, forms, queries, and reports.

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naaziagupta
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2 views

Chapter 8 Introduction of Database Management System

Chapter 8 introduces Database Management Systems (DBMS), explaining that a database is an organized collection of data maintained electronically, while DBMS software is used to manage this data. It outlines the differences between data and information, the advantages of using a DBMS, and various data models such as hierarchical, network, and relational models. Additionally, it defines key terms related to relational databases and describes objects within an RDBMS, including tables, forms, queries, and reports.

Uploaded by

naaziagupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 8: Introduction of Database Management System

Database: A database is an organized collection of data that is maintained electronically. Any kind of
data like text, numbers, pictures, videos and files can be stored in a database.

This data can be stored, retrieved and edited using software known as a database management
system.

Data and Information

 Data – Data is a collection of facts which do not have any meaning. This data is unstructured
information such as numbers, text, symbols and images.
 Information – Information depends on data, this information has some meaning. This
Information refers to organized and structured data.

Databases and DBMS

 Database – A database is a collection of logically related data items stored in an organized


manner, It is also considered as a data bank.
 DBMS (Database Management System) – This software that is used to create, update and
retrieve data is known as database management system. Some of the common examples of
DBMS are LibreOffice Base, MS Access, Open Office Base, Oracle, MySQL.

Advantages of DBMS

 Organized Storage – In database data are stored in an organized manner, so that retrieval of
the data is fast and accurate.
 Data Analysis – In database you can retrive the data based on certain criteria for example
average, maximum or minimum value etc.
 Data Sharing – Databases can share the data with other applications.
 Minimal Data Redundancy – In database duplicate data is not allowed, it means that same data
will not be repeated in the table.
 Data Consistency – In database if any record is changed in any one of the tables then the same
data will update in other tables also.
 Increase Efficiency – In the database the data is organized which helps to retrieve and search
data efficiently.
 Increases Accuracy – In the database the data is retrieved accurately from the database.
 Increases Validity – In the database the valid data is being entered and checked by the
database.
 Security – Unauthorized access is not allowed in the database.

Data Models

A database can be designed in different ways dependent on data storage. This structure of the
database is known as a data model. The data models describe the relationships between the data.

There are different data models such as –

 Hierarchical data model


 Network data model
 Relational data model
Hierarchical Data Model

In Hierarchical Data Model the data is organized like tree structure and data is stored in the form of a
table.

Network Data Model

In this model, multiple records are linked to the same master file. This network model is considered as a
tree where the master table present in the bottom and other tables linked to the master table.
Relational Data Model

In relational database models the data elements are stored in different tables, This is the most popular
data model.

Relational Database Terminology

Some of the common terms used in RDBMS.

 Entity – Entity is a piece of data that is stored in the database, for example student rollno, name
and age is the entity of the student record.
 Table – Table is a collection of logically related records, It is organized as a set of columns.
 Field or Columns or attributes – The smallest entity in the database is known as field, a collection
of fields is known as record, a collection of records make a table and a collection of tables make
a database.
 Data Values – Data values are raw data represented in character, numeric or alphanumeric.
 Record or Row – The collection of data values of all the fields are known as record.
 Primary Key – The field which uniquely identifies a row in a table. The primary key used to be a
unique identifier for the table.
 Relational Database – A relational database is a collection of related tables.
 Foreign Key – The field or a combination of fields of one table can be used to uniquely identify
records of another table, then that particular field is known as the foreign key.
 Candidate Key – All the field values that are eligible to be the primary key are the candidate key
for that table.
 Alternate Key – One or two fields in the table are made as primary key but others are the
alternate key.

Objects of an RDBMS

The database is a collection of object or a feature that is used to store, represent or retrieve data,
different types of objects in a database are given below –
 Table – Table is a collection of row and column which is used to store data. The data in the
database is first stored in a table.
 Form – A form is used to enter data in a table, form is the interface between database and
users, it is an easiest method to enter data in database using user friendly manners. A form
consists of a text box, radio button, labels, check box etc.
 Queries – Queries are used to retrieve the desired result from the database.
 Reports – The output of any query in the database may be displayed in the form of reports.

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