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data_structures_algorithms

These class notes cover essential concepts in Data Structures and Algorithms, including linked lists, time complexity, and sorting algorithms. Key topics include the structure of linked lists, common time complexities, and the Bubble Sort algorithm with its pseudocode. The notes also provide exercises for students to implement and analyze these concepts.

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phamhuy061106dz
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5 views

data_structures_algorithms

These class notes cover essential concepts in Data Structures and Algorithms, including linked lists, time complexity, and sorting algorithms. Key topics include the structure of linked lists, common time complexities, and the Bubble Sort algorithm with its pseudocode. The notes also provide exercises for students to implement and analyze these concepts.

Uploaded by

phamhuy061106dz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Structures and Algorithms: Class Notes

Introduction
These notes cover fundamental concepts in Data Structures and Algorithms, essential for computer
science students. Topics include linked lists, time complexity, and sorting algorithms, with examples
and exercises.

1. Linked Lists
A linked list is a linear data structure where elements are stored in nodes. Each node contains data and
a reference to the next node.

1.1 Structure
A node in a singly linked list can be represented as:
class Node:
def __init__(self, data):
self.data = data
self.next = None

1.2 Diagram
Text-based representation of a linked list (Head -> Node1 -> Node2 -> None):
[Head] --> [Node1 | data: 5 | next] --> [Node2 | data: 10 | next] --> [None]

2. Time Complexity
Time complexity measures the efficiency of an algorithm as the input size grows. Common notations
include O(1), O(n), O(n²).

2.1 Common Complexities


Operation Complexity Description

Constant O(1) Fixed time regardless of input size

Linear O(n) Time grows linearly with input size

Quadratic O(n²) Time grows quadratically, e.g., nested loops

3. Bubble Sort Algorithm


Bubble Sort is a simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through the list, compares adjacent
elements, and swaps them if they are in the wrong order.

3.1 Pseudocode
procedure bubbleSort(arr):
n = length(arr) --
for i from 0 to n-1:
for j from 0 to n-i-1:
if arr[j] > arr[j+1]:
swap(arr[j], arr[j+1])
Time Complexity: O(n²)

4. Exercises for Students


1. Implement a singly linked list with insert and delete operations. 2. Analyze the time complexity of
searching in a linked list vs. an array. 3. Modify bubble sort to terminate early if the list is sorted.

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