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Python Datetime
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=>A date in Python is not a data type of its own, but we can import a module named datetime to work
with dates as date objects.
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Examples: Import the datetime module and display the current date:
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import datetime
x = datetime.datetime.now()
print(x) # 2024-11-07 07:27:06.886118

The date contains year, month, day, hour, minute, second, and microsecond.
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Example: Return the year and name of weekday:
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import datetime
x = datetime.datetime.now() # Here x is an object of <class 'datetime.datetime'>
print(x.year) # 2024
print(x.strftime("%A")) #Thursday
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Creating Date Objects
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To create a date, we can use the datetime() class (constructor) of the datetime module.
The datetime() class requires three parameters to create a date: year, month, day.
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Example: Create a date object:
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import datetime
x = datetime.datetime(2020, 5, 17)
print(x) # 2020-05-17 00:00:00
The datetime() class also takes parameters for time and timezone (hour, minute, second, microsecond,
tzone), but they are optional, and has a default value of 0, (None for timezone).
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The strftime() Method
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The datetime object has a method for formatting date objects into readable strings.
The method is called strftime(), and takes one parameter, format, to specify the format of the returned
string:

import datetime
x = datetime.datetime(2018, 6, 1)
print(x.strftime("%B")) # June
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A reference of all the legal format codes:
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Format Description Example
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%a Weekday, short version Wed
%A Weekday, full version Wednesday
%w Weekday as a number 0-6, 0 is Sunday 3
%d Day of month 01-31 31
%b Month name, short version Dec
%B Month name, full version December
%m Month as a number 01-12 12
%y Year, short version, without century 18
%Y Year, full version 2018
%H Hour 00-23 17
%I Hour 00-12 05
%p AM/PM PM
%M Minute 00-59 41
%S Second 00-59 08
%f Microsecond 000000-999999 548513
%j Day number of year 001-366 365
%U Week number of year, Sunday as the first day of
week, 00-53 52
%W Week number of year, Monday as the first day of
week, 00-53 52
%c Local version of date and time Mon Dec 31 17:41:00 2018
%C Century 20
%x Local version of date 12/31/18
%X Local version of time 17:41:00
%u ISO 8601 weekday (1-7) 1
%V ISO 8601 weeknumber (01-53) 01
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Calculating the Difference Between Two Dates in Python
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Calculating the difference between two dates is a common requirement in programming, essential for
tracking project durations, scheduling events, or measuring performance intervals. The Python datetime
module offers powerful tools for manipulating date and time data to meet these needs.
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Difference Between Current Time and a Specific Datetime
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To calculate the difference between the current time and a specific datetime, you first need to obtain the
current datetime using the datetime.now() method and then subtract the specific datetime from it.
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Examples
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from datetime import datetime
now = datetime.now()
past = datetime(2022, 4, 15, 16, 30, 0) # Example past date
difference = now - past
print(difference) # Output: 694 days, 20:57:03.762774
print(type(difference)) # Output: <class 'datetime.timedelta'>

Note that the result of subtracting datetime objects is a timedelta object.

timedelta objects are essential for determining intervals between dates, calculating future or past dates,
and many other time-related tasks.
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Difference Between Two Datetime Objects
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To find the difference between two datetime objects, simply subtract them:

from datetime import datetime

datetime1 = datetime(2023, 10, 1, 8, 15, 25)
datetime2 = datetime(2023, 9, 28, 12, 0, 0)
difference = datetime1 - datetime2
print(difference) # Output: 2 days, 20:15:25
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Difference Between Two Date Objects
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Similarly, if you have two date objects, you can directly subtract one from the other to calculate the
difference between them.

from datetime import date

date1 = date(2023, 10, 1)
date2 = date(2023, 9, 28)
difference = date1 - date2
print(difference) # Output: 3 days, 0:00:00
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Difference Between Two Dates in String Format
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If you 抮 e working with dates stored as strings, you 抣 l first need to convert them into datetime objects
before calculating the difference. Python 抯 datetime.strptime() method is specifically designed for this
conversion. You 抣 l need to provide a format string that matches the structure of your date strings.
Once converted, you can proceed with calculating the difference using the same subtraction
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from datetime import datetime

date_str1 = "2023-08-25"
date_str2 = "2023-08-20"

datetime1 = datetime.strptime(date_str1, "%Y-%m-%d")

datetime2 = datetime.strptime(date_str2, "%Y-%m-%d")

difference = datetime1 - datetime2

print(difference) # Output: 5 days, 0:00:00
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Finding the Difference in Seconds
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There are two primary ways to calculate the difference between dates in seconds:

Method 1: total_seconds()
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The timedelta object, which you get from subtracting datetime objects, has a convenient method called
total_seconds(). This method neatly converts the difference (including days, seconds, and microseconds)
into a total number of seconds.

To use this, first, calculate the difference between your two datetime objects and then call total_seconds()
on the resulting timedelta.
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Examples
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from datetime import datetime

datetime1 = datetime(2023, 10, 1, 8, 15, 25)

datetime2 = datetime(2023, 9, 28, 12, 0, 0)

difference = datetime1 - datetime2

difference_in_seconds = difference.total_seconds()
print(difference_in_seconds) # Output: 245725.0
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from datetime import datetime
from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta

start_time = datetime(2022, 4, 28, 12, 0, 0)

end_time = datetime(2023, 10, 1, 8, 15, 25)

# Calculate the difference

time_diff = relativedelta(end_time, start_time)

# Display the result

print("Years:", time_diff.years) # Output: Years: 1
print("Months:", time_diff.months) # Output: Months: 5
print("Days:", time_diff.days) # Output: Days: 2
print("Hours:", time_diff.hours) # Output: Hours: 20
print("Minutes:", time_diff.minutes) # Output: Minutes: 15
print("Seconds:", time_diff.seconds) # Output: Seconds: 25
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Misc Information of Date
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Get the Current Date
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To return the current local date today() function of the date class is used. today() function comes with
several attributes (year, month, and day). These can be printed individually.
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# Python program to print current date
from datetime import date

# calling the today function of date class

today = date.today()
print("Today's date is", today) # Today's date is 2021-08-19
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Get Today 抯 Year, Month, and Date
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We can get the year, month, and date attributes from the date object using the year, month and date
attribute of the date class.

from datetime import date

# date object of today's date
today = date.today()
print("Current year:", today.year) # Current year: 2021
print("Current month:", today.month) # Current month: 8
print("Current day:", today.day) # Current day: 19
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Get Date from Timestamp
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We can create date objects from timestamps
y=using the fromtimestamp() method.
The timestamp is the number of seconds from 1st January 1970 at UTC to a particular date.
from datetime import datetime

# Getting Datetime from timestamp

date_time = datetime.fromtimestamp(1887639468)
print("Datetime from timestamp:", date_time) # Datetime from timestamp: 2029-10-25 16:17:48
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Convert Date to String
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We can convert date object to a string representation using two functions isoformat() and strftime().

from datetime import date

# calling the today function of date class

today = date.today()

# Converting the date to the string

Str = date.isoformat(today)
print("String Representation", Str) # String Representation 2021-08-19
print(type(Str)) # <class 'str'>
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Most IMP
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Attributes of DateTime using DateTime
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datetime.now() have different attributes,
same as attributes of time such as year, month, date, hour, minute, and second.

# importing datetime module for now()

import datetime

# using now() to get current time

current_time = datetime.datetime.now()

# Printing attributes of now().

print("The attributes of now() are :")
print("Year :", current_time.year) # Year : 2022
print("Month : ", current_time.month) # Month : 6
print("Day : ", current_time.day) # Day : 20
print("Hour : ", current_time.hour)# Hour : 16
print("Minute : ", current_time.minute) # Minute : 3
print("Second :", current_time.second) # Second : 25
print("Microsecond :", current_time.microsecond) # Microsecond : 547727
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Examples
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from datetime import datetime

now = datetime.now() # current date and time

year = now.strftime("%Y")
print("year:", year)

month = now.strftime("%m")
print("month:", month)

day = now.strftime("%d")
print("day:", day)

time = now.strftime("%H:%M:%S")
print("time:", time)

date_time = now.strftime("%m/%d/%Y, %H:%M:%S")

print("date and time:",date_time)
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