STEPS TO INSTALL PYTHON IN UBUNTU

1. Check your version of Python by entering the following:

python –version
2. Update and Refresh Repository Lists
sudo apt update
3. Add Deadsnakes PPA
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
4. Refresh the package lists again:
sudo apt update
5. Install Python 3
sudo apt install python3.11

Python program execution steps

1. To open editor give following command along with filename.
Syntax: vi filename.py

Example: vi add.py
Example. vi area.py

2. To run/compile the program

Syntax: python filename.py

Example: python add.py

Example: python area.py

Example programs
To print HELLO WORLD
# This program prints Hello, world!

print('Hello, world!')

Output: Hello, world!

Add Two Numbers

# This program adds two numbers

num1 = 1.5
num2 = 6.3

# Add two numbers

sum = num1 + num2

# Display the sum

print('The sum of {0} and {1} is {2}'.format(num1, num2, sum))

Output

The sum of 1.5 and 6.3 is 7.8

Add Two Numbers With User Input

# Store input numbers
num1 = input('Enter first number: ')
num2 = input('Enter second number: ')

# Add two numbers

sum = float(num1) + float(num2)

# Display the sum

print('The sum of {0} and {1} is {2}'.format(num1, num2, sum))

Output

Enter first number: 1.5

Enter second number: 6.3
The sum of 1.5 and 6.3 is 7.8
For positive numbers- calculate the square root
# Python Program to calculate the square root

# Note: change this value for a different result

num = 8

# To take the input from the user

#num = float(input('Enter a number: '))

num_sqrt = num ** 0.5

print('The square root of %0.3f is %0.3f'%(num ,num_sqrt))

Output

The square root of 8.000 is 2.828

For real or complex numbers - Find square root

# Find square root of real or complex numbers
# Importing the complex math module
import cmath

num = 1+2j

# To take input from the user

#num = eval(input('Enter a number: '))

num_sqrt = cmath.sqrt(num)
print('The square root of {0} is {1:0.3f}+{2:0.3f}j'.
format(num ,num_sqrt.real,num_sqrt.imag))

Output

The square root of (1+2j) is 1.272+0.786j

Find the AREA OF TRIANGLE
# Python Program to find the area of triangle

a = 5
b = 6
c = 7

# Uncomment below to take inputs from the user

# a = float(input('Enter first side: '))
# b = float(input('Enter second side: '))
# c = float(input('Enter third side: '))

# calculate the semi-perimeter

s = (a + b + c) / 2

# calculate the area

area = (s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c)) ** 0.5
print('The area of the triangle is %0.2f' %area)

Output

The area of the triangle is 14.70

Generate random number

# Program to generate a random number between 0 and 9

# importing the random module

import random

print(random.randint(0,9))
Run Code

Output

5
Kilometers to Miles
# Taking kilometers input from the user
kilometers = float(input("Enter value in kilometers: "))

# conversion factor
conv_fac = 0.621371

# calculate miles
miles = kilometers * conv_fac
print('%0.2f kilometers is equal to %0.2f miles' %(kilometers,miles))

Output

Enter value in kilometers: 3.5

3.50 kilometers is equal to 2.17 miles

Solve Quadratic Equation

# import complex math module
import cmath

a = 1
b = 5
c = 6

# calculate the discriminant

d = (b**2) - (4*a*c)

# find two solutions

sol1 = (-b-cmath.sqrt(d))/(2*a)
sol2 = (-b+cmath.sqrt(d))/(2*a)

print('The solution are {0} and {1}'.format(sol1,sol2))

Output
Enter a: 1
Enter b: 5
Enter c: 6
The solutions are (-3+0j) and (-2+0j)

convert temperature in Celsius to Fahrenheit

# change this value for a different result

celsius = 37.5

# calculate fahrenheit
fahrenheit = (celsius * 1.8) + 32
print('%0.1f degree Celsius is equal to %0.1f degree Fahrenheit'
%(celsius,fahrenheit))
Run Code

Output

37.5 degree Celsius is equal to 99.5 degree Fahrenheit

Swap two numbers Using a temporary variable

# Python program to swap two variables

x = 5
y = 10

# To take inputs from the user

#x = input('Enter value of x: ')
#y = input('Enter value of y: ')

# create a temporary variable and swap the values

temp = x
x = y
y = temp

print('The value of x after swapping: {}'.format(x))

print('The value of y after swapping: {}'.format(y))

Output
The value of x after swapping: 10
The value of y after swapping: 5

Swap two numbers Without Using Temporary Variable

x = 5
y = 10

x, y = y, x
print("x =", x)
print("y =", y)

Addition and Subtraction

x = x + y
y = x - y
x = x - y

Multiplication and Division

x = x * y
y = x / y
x = x / y

XOR swap
This algorithm works for integers only
x = x ^ y
y = x ^ y
x = x ^ y

Check if a Number is Positive, Negative or 0

Using if...elif...else
num = float(input("Enter a number: "))
if num > 0:
print("Positive number")
elif num == 0:
print("Zero")
else:
print("Negative number")

Output

Enter a number: 2
Positive number
Using Nested if
num = float(input("Enter a number: "))
if num >= 0:
if num == 0:
print("Zero")
else:
print("Positive number")
else:
print("Negative number")

Output

Enter a number: 0
Zero

Check if a Number is Odd or Even

A number is even if division by 2 gives a remainder of 0.

# If the remainder is 1, it is an odd number.

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if (num % 2) == 0:
print("{0} is Even".format(num))
else:
print("{0} is Odd".format(num))

Output 1

Enter a number: 43
43 is Odd
Output 2

Enter a number: 18
18 is Even

Find the Largest Among Three Numbers

num1 = 10
num2 = 14
num3 = 12

# uncomment following lines to take three numbers from user

#num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
#num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))
#num3 = float(input("Enter third number: "))

if (num1 >= num2) and (num1 >= num3):

largest = num1
elif (num2 >= num1) and (num2 >= num3):
largest = num2
else:
largest = num3

print("The largest number is", largest)

Run Code

Output

The largest number is 14.0

CHECK LEAP YEAR

# Python program to check if year is a leap year or not

year = 2000

# To get year (integer input) from the user

# year = int(input("Enter a year: "))

# divided by 100 means century year (ending with 00)

# century year divided by 400 is leap year
if (year % 400 == 0) and (year % 100 == 0):
print("{0} is a leap year".format(year))
# not divided by 100 means not a century year
# year divided by 4 is a leap year
elif (year % 4 ==0) and (year % 100 != 0):
print("{0} is a leap year".format(year))

# if not divided by both 400 (century year) and 4 (not century year)
# year is not leap year
else:
print("{0} is not a leap year".format(year))
Run Code

Output

2000 is a leap year

 Example programs

To print HELLO WORLD

# This program prints Hello, world!

print('Hello, world!')

Output: Hello, world!

Add Two Numbers

# This program adds two numbers

num1 = 1.5
num2 = 6.3

# Add two numbers

sum = num1 + num2

# Display the sum

print('The sum of {0} and {1} is {2}'.format(num1, num2, sum))

Output

The sum of 1.5 and 6.3 is 7.8

Add Two Numbers With User Input

# Store input numbers
num1 = input('Enter first number: ')
num2 = input('Enter second number: ')

# Add two numbers

sum = float(num1) + float(num2)

# Display the sum

print('The sum of {0} and {1} is {2}'.format(num1, num2, sum))

Output

Enter first number: 1.5

Enter second number: 6.3
The sum of 1.5 and 6.3 is 7.8

For positive numbers- calculate the square root

# Python Program to calculate the square root

# Note: change this value for a different result

num = 8

# To take the input from the user

#num = float(input('Enter a number: '))

num_sqrt = num ** 0.5

print('The square root of %0.3f is %0.3f'%(num ,num_sqrt))

Output

The square root of 8.000 is 2.828

For real or complex numbers - Find square root

# Find square root of real or complex numbers
# Importing the complex math module
import cmath

num = 1+2j

# To take input from the user

#num = eval(input('Enter a number: '))

num_sqrt = cmath.sqrt(num)
print('The square root of {0} is {1:0.3f}+{2:0.3f}j'.
format(num ,num_sqrt.real,num_sqrt.imag))

Output

The square root of (1+2j) is 1.272+0.786j

Find the AREA OF TRIANGLE
# Python Program to find the area of triangle

a = 5
b = 6
c = 7

# Uncomment below to take inputs from the user

# a = float(input('Enter first side: '))
# b = float(input('Enter second side: '))
# c = float(input('Enter third side: '))

# calculate the semi-perimeter

s = (a + b + c) / 2

# calculate the area

area = (s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c)) ** 0.5
print('The area of the triangle is %0.2f' %area)

Output

The area of the triangle is 14.70

Generate random number

# Program to generate a random number between 0 and 9

# importing the random module

import random

print(random.randint(0,9))
Run Code

Output

5
Kilometers to Miles
# Taking kilometers input from the user
kilometers = float(input("Enter value in kilometers: "))

# conversion factor
conv_fac = 0.621371

# calculate miles
miles = kilometers * conv_fac
print('%0.2f kilometers is equal to %0.2f miles' %(kilometers,miles))

Output

Enter value in kilometers: 3.5

3.50 kilometers is equal to 2.17 miles

Solve Quadratic Equation

# import complex math module
import cmath

a = 1
b = 5
c = 6

# calculate the discriminant

d = (b**2) - (4*a*c)

# find two solutions

sol1 = (-b-cmath.sqrt(d))/(2*a)
sol2 = (-b+cmath.sqrt(d))/(2*a)

print('The solution are {0} and {1}'.format(sol1,sol2))

Output

Enter a: 1
Enter b: 5
Enter c: 6
The solutions are (-3+0j) and (-2+0j)
convert temperature in Celsius to Fahrenheit

# change this value for a different result

celsius = 37.5

# calculate fahrenheit
fahrenheit = (celsius * 1.8) + 32
print('%0.1f degree Celsius is equal to %0.1f degree Fahrenheit'
%(celsius,fahrenheit))
Run Code

Output

37.5 degree Celsius is equal to 99.5 degree Fahrenheit

Swap two numbers Using a temporary variable

# Python program to swap two variables

x = 5
y = 10

# To take inputs from the user

#x = input('Enter value of x: ')
#y = input('Enter value of y: ')

# create a temporary variable and swap the values

temp = x
x = y
y = temp

print('The value of x after swapping: {}'.format(x))

print('The value of y after swapping: {}'.format(y))

Output
The value of x after swapping: 10
The value of y after swapping: 5
Swap two numbers Without Using Temporary Variable

x = 5
y = 10

x, y = y, x
print("x =", x)
print("y =", y)

Addition and Subtraction

x = x + y
y = x - y
x = x - y

Multiplication and Division

x = x * y
y = x / y
x = x / y

XOR swap
This algorithm works for integers only

x = x ^ y
y = x ^ y
x = x ^ y
Check if a Number is Positive, Negative or 0

Using if...elif...else
num = float(input("Enter a number: "))
if num > 0:
print("Positive number")
elif num == 0:
print("Zero")
else:
print("Negative number")

Output

Enter a number: 2
Positive number

Using Nested if
num = float(input("Enter a number: "))
if num >= 0:
if num == 0:
print("Zero")
else:
print("Positive number")
else:
print("Negative number")

Output

Enter a number: 0
Zero
Check if a Number is Odd or Even
A number is even if division by 2 gives a remainder of 0.
# If the remainder is 1, it is an odd number.

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if (num % 2) == 0:
print("{0} is Even".format(num))
else:
print("{0} is Odd".format(num))

Output 1

Enter a number: 43
43 is Odd

Output 2

Enter a number: 18
18 is Even

Find the Largest Among Three Numbers

# uncomment following lines to take three numbers from user

num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))
num3 = float(input("Enter third number: "))

if (num1 >= num2) and (num1 >= num3):

largest = num1
elif (num2 >= num1) and (num2 >= num3):
largest = num2
else:
largest = num3

print("The largest number is", largest)

Output

The largest number is 14.0

CHECK LEAP YEAR

# Python program to check if year is a leap year or not

year = int(input("Enter a year: "))

# divided by 100 means century year (ending with 00)

# century year divided by 400 is leap year

if (year % 400 == 0) and (year % 100 == 0):

print("{0} is a leap year".format(year))

# not divided by 100 means not a century year

# year divided by 4 is a leap year
elif (year % 4 ==0) and (year % 100 != 0):
print("{0} is a leap year".format(year))

# if not divided by both 400 (century year) and 4 (not century year)
# year is not leap year
else:
print("{0} is not a leap year".format(year))

Output

2000 is a leap year

Python program to find the largest number among the
three input numbers
num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))
num3 = float(input("Enter third number: "))

if (num1 >= num2) and (num1 >= num3):

largest = num1
elif (num2 >= num1) and (num2 >= num3):
largest = num2
else:
largest = num3

print("The largest number is", largest)

Output

The largest number is 14.0

Program to check if a number is prime or not
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

# define a flag variable

flag = False

# prime numbers are greater than 1

if num > 1:
# check for factors
for i in range(2, num):
if (num % i) == 0:
# if factor is found, set flag to True
flag = True
# break out of loop
break

# check if flag is True

if flag:
print(num, "is not a prime number")
else:
print(num, "is a prime number")

Output

407 is not a prime number

11 times 37 is 407
Python program to find the factorial of a number
provided by the user.

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

factorial = 1

# check if the number is negative, positive or zero

if num < 0:
print("Sorry, factorial does not exist for negative numbers")
elif num == 0:
print("The factorial of 0 is 1")
else:
for i in range(1,num + 1):
factorial = factorial*i
print("The factorial of",num,"is",factorial)

Output

The factorial of 7 is 5040

Multiplication table (from 1 to 10) in Python

# Multiplication table (from 1 to 10) in Python

num = 12

# To take input from the user

# num = int(input("Display multiplication table of? "))

# Iterate 10 times from i = 1 to 10

for i in range(1, 11):
print(num, 'x', i, '=', num*i)

Output

12 x 1 = 12
12 x 2 = 24
12 x 3 = 36
12 x 4 = 48
12 x 5 = 60
12 x 6 = 72
12 x 7 = 84
12 x 8 = 96
12 x 9 = 108
12 x 10 = 120
Program to display the Fibonacci sequence up to n-th
term

nterms = int(input("How many terms? "))

# first two terms

n1, n2 = 0, 1
count = 0

# check if the number of terms is valid

if nterms <= 0:
print("Please enter a positive integer")
# if there is only one term, return n1
elif nterms == 1:
print("Fibonacci sequence upto",nterms,":")
print(n1)
# generate fibonacci sequence
else:
print("Fibonacci sequence:")
while count < nterms:
print(n1)
nth = n1 + n2
# update values
n1 = n2
n2 = nth
count += 1

Output

How many terms? 7

Fibonacci sequence:
0
1
1
2
3
5
8
Python program to check if the number is an Armstrong
number or not

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

# initialize sum
sum = 0

# find the sum of the cube of each digit

temp = num
while temp > 0:
digit = temp % 10
sum += digit ** 3
temp //= 10

# display the result

if num == sum:
print(num,"is an Armstrong number")
else:
print(num,"is not an Armstrong number")

Output 1

Enter a number: 663

663 is not an Armstrong number

Output 2

Enter a number: 407

407 is an Armstrong number
Sum of natural numbers up to num

num = 16

if num < 0:
print("Enter a positive number")
else:
sum = 0
# use while loop to iterate until zero
while(num > 0):
sum += num
num -= 1
print("The sum is", sum)

Output

The sum is 136

Program to Find Numbers Divisible by

Another Number
# Take a list of numbers
my_list = [12, 65, 54, 39, 102, 339, 221,]

# use anonymous function to filter

result = list(filter(lambda x: (x % 13 == 0), my_list))

# display the result

print("Numbers divisible by 13 are",result)

Output

Numbers divisible by 13 are [65, 39, 221]

Program to Find Numbers
Divisible by Another Number
# Take a list of numbers
my_list = [12, 65, 54, 39, 102, 339, 221,]

# use anonymous function to filter

result = list(filter(lambda x: (x % 13 == 0), my_list))

# display the result

print("Numbers divisible by 13 are",result)

Output

Numbers divisible by 13 are [65, 39, 221]

Program to Convert Decimal to
Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal
dec = 344

print("The decimal value of", dec, "is:")

print(bin(dec), "in binary.")
print(oct(dec), "in octal.")
print(hex(dec), "in hexadecimal.")

Output

The decimal value of 344 is:

0b101011000 in binary.
0o530 in octal.
0x158 in hexadecimal.
Program to Find ASCII Value of
Character
# Program to find the ASCII value of the given character

c = 'p'
print("The ASCII value of '" + c + "' is", ord(c))

Output

The ASCII value of 'p' is 112

Program to Find HCF or GCD
# Python program to find H.C.F of two numbers

# define a function
def compute_hcf(x, y):

# choose the smaller number

if x > y:
smaller = y
else:
smaller = x
for i in range(1, smaller+1):
if((x % i == 0) and (y % i == 0)):
hcf = i
return hcf

num1 = 54
num2 = 24

print("The H.C.F. is", compute_hcf(num1, num2))

Output

The H.C.F. is 6
Program to Find LCM
# Python Program to find the L.C.M. of two input number

def compute_lcm(x, y):

# choose the greater number

if x > y:
greater = x
else:
greater = y

while(True):
if((greater % x == 0) and (greater % y == 0)):
lcm = greater
break
greater += 1

return lcm

num1 = 54
num2 = 24

print("The L.C.M. is", compute_lcm(num1, num2))

Output

The L.C.M. is 216

Program to Find the Factors of a
Number
# Python Program to find the factors of a number

# This function computes the factor of the argument passed

def print_factors(x):
print("The factors of",x,"are:")
for i in range(1, x + 1):
if x % i == 0:
print(i)

num = 320

print_factors(num)

Output

The factors of 320 are:

1
2
4
5
8
10
16
20
32
40
64
80
160
320
Program to Make a Simple
Calculator
# Program make a simple calculator

# This function adds two numbers

def add(x, y):
return x + y

# This function subtracts two numbers

def subtract(x, y):
return x - y

# This function multiplies two numbers

def multiply(x, y):
return x * y

# This function divides two numbers

def divide(x, y):
return x / y

print("Select operation.")
print("1.Add")
print("2.Subtract")
print("3.Multiply")
print("4.Divide")

while True:
# take input from the user
choice = input("Enter choice(1/2/3/4): ")

# check if choice is one of the four options

if choice in ('1', '2', '3', '4'):
num1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))

if choice == '1':
print(num1, "+", num2, "=", add(num1, num2))

elif choice == '2':

print(num1, "-", num2, "=", subtract(num1, num2))
 elif choice == '3':
print(num1, "*", num2, "=", multiply(num1, num2))

elif choice == '4':

print(num1, "/", num2, "=", divide(num1, num2))

# check if user wants another calculation

# break the while loop if answer is no
next_calculation = input("Let's do next calculation? (yes/no): ")
if next_calculation == "no":
break

else:
print("Invalid Input")

Output

Select operation.
1.Add
2.Subtract
3.Multiply
4.Divide
Enter choice(1/2/3/4): 3
Enter first number: 15
Enter second number: 14
15.0 * 14.0 = 210.0
Let's do next calculation? (yes/no): no
Program to Shuffle Deck of Cards
# Python program to shuffle a deck of card

# importing modules
import itertools, random

# make a deck of cards

deck = list(itertools.product(range(1,14),['Spade','Heart','Diamond','Club']))

# shuffle the cards

random.shuffle(deck)

# draw five cards

print("You got:")
for i in range(5):
print(deck[i][0], "of", deck[i][1])

Output

You got:
5 of Heart
1 of Heart
8 of Spade
12 of Spade
4 of Spade
Program to Display Calendar
# Program to display calendar of the given month and year

# importing calendar module

import calendar

yy = 2014 # year
mm = 11 # month

# To take month and year input from the user

# yy = int(input("Enter year: "))
# mm = int(input("Enter month: "))

# display the calendar

print(calendar.month(yy, mm))

Output

November 2014
Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su
1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Program to Display Fibonacci
Sequence Using Recursion
# Python program to display the Fibonacci sequence

def recur_fibo(n):
if n <= 1:
return n
else:
return(recur_fibo(n-1) + recur_fibo(n-2))

nterms = 10

# check if the number of terms is valid

if nterms <= 0:
print("Plese enter a positive integer")
else:
print("Fibonacci sequence:")
for i in range(nterms):
print(recur_fibo(i))

Output

Fibonacci sequence:

0
1
1
2
3
5
8
13
21
34
Program to Find Sum of Natural
Numbers Using Recursion
# Python program to find the sum of natural using recursive function

def recur_sum(n):
if n <= 1:
return n
else:
return n + recur_sum(n-1)

# change this value for a different result

num = 16

if num < 0:
print("Enter a positive number")
else:
print("The sum is",recur_sum(num))

Output

The sum is 136

Program to Find Factorial of
Number Using Recursion
# Factorial of a number using recursion

def recur_factorial(n):
if n == 1:
return n
else:
return n * recur_factorial(n-1)

num = 7

# check if the number is negative

if num < 0:
print("Sorry, factorial does not exist for negative numbers")
elif num == 0:
print("The factorial of 0 is 1")
else:
print("The factorial of", num, "is", recur_factorial(num))

Output

The factorial of 7 is 5040

 Program to Convert Decimal to
Binary Using Recursion
# Function to print binary number using recursion
def convertToBinary(n):
if n > 1:
convertToBinary(n//2)
print(n % 2,end = '')

# decimal number
dec = 34

convertToBinary(dec)
print()

Output

100010
Program to Add Two Matrices
# Program to add two matrices using nested loop

X = [[12,7,3],
[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]]

Y = [[5,8,1],
[6,7,3],
[4,5,9]]

result = [[0,0,0],
[0,0,0],
[0,0,0]]

# iterate through rows

for i in range(len(X)):
# iterate through columns
for j in range(len(X[0])):
result[i][j] = X[i][j] + Y[i][j]

for r in result:
print(r)

Output

[17, 15, 4]
[10, 12, 9]
[11, 13, 18]
Python Program to Transpose a
Matrix
# Program to transpose a matrix using a nested loop

X = [[12,7],
[4 ,5],
[3 ,8]]

result = [[0,0,0],
[0,0,0]]

# iterate through rows

for i in range(len(X)):
# iterate through columns
for j in range(len(X[0])):
result[j][i] = X[i][j]

for r in result:
print(r)

Output

[12, 4, 3]
[7, 5, 8]
Python Program to Multiply Two
Matrices
# Program to multiply two matrices using nested loops

# 3x3 matrix
X = [[12,7,3],
[4 ,5,6],
[7 ,8,9]]
# 3x4 matrix
Y = [[5,8,1,2],
[6,7,3,0],
[4,5,9,1]]
# result is 3x4
result = [[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,0]]

# iterate through rows of X

for i in range(len(X)):
# iterate through columns of Y
for j in range(len(Y[0])):
# iterate through rows of Y
for k in range(len(Y)):
result[i][j] += X[i][k] * Y[k][j]

for r in result:
print(r)

Output

[114, 160, 60, 27]

[74, 97, 73, 14]
[119, 157, 112, 23]
Python Program to Check Whether a
String is Palindrome or Not
# Program to check if a string is palindrome or not

my_str = 'aIbohPhoBiA'

# make it suitable for caseless comparison

my_str = my_str.casefold()

# reverse the string

rev_str = reversed(my_str)

# check if the string is equal to its reverse

if list(my_str) == list(rev_str):
print("The string is a palindrome.")
else:
print("The string is not a palindrome.")

Output

The string is a palindrome.

Python Program to Remove
Punctuations From a String
# define punctuation
punctuations = '''!()-[]{};:'"\,<>./?@#$%^&*_~'''

my_str = "Hello!!!, he said ---and went."

# To take input from the user

# my_str = input("Enter a string: ")

# remove punctuation from the string

no_punct = ""
for char in my_str:
if char not in punctuations:
no_punct = no_punct + char

# display the unpunctuated string

print(no_punct)

Output

Hello he said and went

Python Program to Sort Words in
Alphabetic Order
# Program to sort alphabetically the words form a string provided by the user

my_str = "Hello this Is an Example With cased letters"

# To take input from the user

#my_str = input("Enter a string: ")

# breakdown the string into a list of words

words = [word.lower() for word in my_str.split()]

# sort the list

words.sort()

# display the sorted words

print("The sorted words are:")

for word in words:
print(word)

Output

The sorted words are:

an
cased
example
hello
is
letters
this
with
Python Program to Illustrate
Different Set Operations
# Program to perform different set operations like in mathematics

# define three sets

E = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8};
N = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

# set union
print("Union of E and N is",E | N)

# set intersection
print("Intersection of E and N is",E & N)

# set difference
print("Difference of E and N is",E - N)

# set symmetric difference

print("Symmetric difference of E and N is",E ^ N)

Output

Union of E and N is {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8}

Intersection of E and N is {2, 4}
Difference of E and N is {8, 0, 6}
Symmetric difference of E and N is {0, 1, 3, 5, 6, 8}
Python Program to Count the
Number of Each Vowel
# Program to count the number of each vowels

# string of vowels
vowels = 'aeiou'

ip_str = 'Hello, have you tried our tutorial section yet?'

# make it suitable for caseless comparisions

ip_str = ip_str.casefold()

# make a dictionary with each vowel a key and value 0

count = {}.fromkeys(vowels,0)

# count the vowels

for char in ip_str:
if char in count:
count[char] += 1

print(count)

Output

{'o': 5, 'i': 3, 'a': 2, 'e': 5, 'u': 3}

Python Program to Create Pyramid
Patterns
Example 1: Program to print half pyramid using *

* *

* * *

* * * *

* * * * *

Source Code
rows = int(input("Enter number of rows: "))

for i in range(rows):
for j in range(i+1):
print("* ", end="")
print("\n")
Python Program to Merge Two
Dictionaries
dict_1 = {1: 'a', 2: 'b'}
dict_2 = {2: 'c', 4: 'd'}

print(dict_1 | dict_2)
Run Code

Output

{1: 'a', 2: 'c', 4: 'd'}

Python Program to Access Index of a
List Using for Loop
my_list = [21, 44, 35, 11]

for index, val in enumerate(my_list):

print(index, val)
Run Code

Output

0 21
1 44
2 35
3 11
Python Program to Flatten a Nested
List
my_list = [[1], [2, 3], [4, 5, 6, 7]]

flat_list = [num for sublist in my_list for num in sublist]

print(flat_list)
Run Code

Output

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
Python Program to Access Index of a
List Using for Loop
my_list = [21, 44, 35, 11]

for index, val in enumerate(my_list):

print(index, val)
Run Code

Output

0 21
1 44
2 35
3 11
Python Program to Sort a Dictionary
by Value
dt = {5:4, 1:6, 6:3}

sorted_dt = {key: value for key, value in sorted(dt.items(), key=lambda item:

item[1])}

print(sorted_dt)
Run Code

Output

{6: 3, 5: 4, 1: 6}
Python Program to Iterate Over
Dictionaries Using for Loop
dt = {'a': 'juice', 'b': 'grill', 'c': 'corn'}

for key, value in dt.items():

print(key, value)
Run Code

Output

a juice
b grill
c corn
Python Program to Check If a List is
Empty
my_list = []
if not my_list:
print("the list is empty")
Run Code

Output

the list is empty

Python Program to Catch Multiple
Exceptions in One Line
string = input()

try:
num = int(input())
print(string+num)
except (TypeError, ValueError) as e:
print(e)
Run Code

Input

a
2

Output

can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

Python Program to Concatenate Two
Lists
list_1 = [1, 'a']
list_2 = [3, 4, 5]

list_joined = list_1 + list_2

print(list_joined)
Run Code

Output

[1, 'a', 3, 4, 5]
Python Program to Check if a Key is
Already Present in a Dictionary
my_dict = {1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'c'}

if 2 in my_dict:
print("present")
Run Code

Output

present
Python Program to Split a List Into
Evenly Sized Chunks
def split(list_a, chunk_size):

for i in range(0, len(list_a), chunk_size):

yield list_a[i:i + chunk_size]

chunk_size = 2
my_list = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
print(list(split(my_list, chunk_size)))
Run Code

Output

[[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6], [7, 8], [9]]

Python Program to Parse a String to
a Float or Int
balance_str = "1500"
balance_int = int(balance_str)

# print the type

print(type(balance_int))

# print the value

print(balance_int)
Run Code

Output

<class 'int'>
1500
Example 2: Parse string into float
balance_str = "1500.4"
balance_float = float(balance_str)

# print the type

print(type(balance_float))

# print the value

print(balance_float)
Run Code

Output

<class 'float'>
1500.4
Example 3: A string float numeral into integer
balance_str = "1500.34"
balance_int = int(float(balance_str))

# print the type

print(type(balance_int))

# print the value

print(balance_int)
Run Code

Output

<class 'int'>
1500
Python Program to Convert String to
Datetime
Example 1: Using datetime module
from datetime import datetime

my_date_string = "Mar 11 2011 11:31AM"

datetime_object = datetime.strptime(my_date_string, '%b %d %Y %I:%M%p')

print(type(datetime_object))
print(datetime_object)
Run Code

Output

<class 'datetime.datetime'>
2011-03-11 11:31:00
Example 2: Using dateutil module
from dateutil import parser

date_time = parser.parse("Mar 11 2011 11:31AM")

print(date_time)
print(type(date_time))
Run Code

Output

2011-03-11 11:31:00
<class 'datetime.datetime'>
Python Program to Get the Last
Element of the List
my_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']

# print the last element

print(my_list[-1])
Run Code

Output

e
Python Program to Get a Substring
of a String
my_string = "I love python."

# prints "love"
print(my_string[2:6])

# prints "love python."

print(my_string[2:])

# prints "I love python"

print(my_string[:-1])
Run Code

Output

love
love python.
I love python
Python Program to Check If a String
Is a Number (Float)
def isfloat(num):
try:
float(num)
return True
except ValueError:
return False

print(isfloat('s12'))
print(isfloat('1.123'))
Run Code

Output

False
True
Python Program to Count the
Occurrence of an Item in a List
freq = ['a', 1, 'a', 4, 3, 2, 'a'].count('a')
print(freq)
Run Code

Output

3
Python Program to Delete an
Element From a Dictionary
Example 1: Using del keyword
my_dict = {31: 'a', 21: 'b', 14: 'c'}

del my_dict[31]

print(my_dict)
Run Code

Output

{21: 'b', 14: 'c'}

Example 2: Using pop()

my_dict = {31: 'a', 21: 'b', 14: 'c'}

print(my_dict.pop(31))

print(my_dict)
Run Code

Output

a
{21: 'b', 14: 'c'}
Python Program to Create a Long
Multiline String
Example 1: Using triple quotes
my_string = '''The only way to
learn to program is
by writing code.'''

print(my_string)
Run Code

Output

The only way to

learn to program is
by writing code.

Example 2: Using parentheses and a single/double quotes

my_string = ("The only way to \n"
"learn to program is \n"
"by writing code.")

print(my_string)
Run Code

Output

The only way to

learn to program is
by writing code.
Python Program to Reverse a
Number
Example 1: Reverse a Number using a while loop
num = 1234
reversed_num = 0

while num != 0:
digit = num % 10
reversed_num = reversed_num * 10 + digit
num //= 10

print("Reversed Number: " + str(reversed_num))

Run Code

Output

4321

Example 2: Using String slicing

num = 123456
print(str(num)[::-1])
Run Code

Output

654321
Python Program to Compute the
Power of a Number
Example 1: Calculate power of a number using a while loop
base = 3
exponent = 4

result = 1

while exponent != 0:
result *= base
exponent-=1

print("Answer = " + str(result))

Run Code

Output

Answer = 81

Example 2: Calculate power of a number using a for loop

base = 3
exponent = 4

result = 1

for exponent in range(exponent, 0, -1):

result *= base

print("Answer = " + str(result))

Run Code

Output

Answer = 81
Example 3: Calculate the power of a number using pow() function
base = 3
exponent = -4

result = pow(base, exponent)

print("Answer = " + str(result))

Run Code

Output

Answer = 0.012345679012345678
Python Program to Count the
Number of Digits Present In a
Number
Example 1: Count Number of Digits in an Integer using while loop
num = 3452
count = 0

while num != 0:
num //= 10
count += 1

print("Number of digits: " + str(count))

Run Code

Output

Number of digits: 4

Example 2: Using inbuilt methods

num = 123456
print(len(str(num)))
Run Code

Output

6
Python Program to Check If Two
Strings are Anagram
str1 = "Race"
str2 = "Care"

# convert both the strings into lowercase

str1 = str1.lower()
str2 = str2.lower()

# check if length is same

if(len(str1) == len(str2)):

# sort the strings

sorted_str1 = sorted(str1)
sorted_str2 = sorted(str2)

# if sorted char arrays are same

if(sorted_str1 == sorted_str2):
print(str1 + " and " + str2 + " are anagram.")
else:
print(str1 + " and " + str2 + " are not anagram.")

else:
print(str1 + " and " + str2 + " are not anagram.")
Run Code

Output

race and care are anagram.

Python Program to Capitalize the
First Character of a String
Example 1: Using list slicing
my_string = "programiz is Lit"

print(my_string[0].upper() + my_string[1:])
Run Code

Output

Programiz is Lit

Example 2: Using inbuilt method capitalize()

my_string = "programiz is Lit"

cap_string = my_string.capitalize()

print(cap_string)
Run Code

Output

Programiz is lit
Python Program to Create a
Countdown Timer
import time

def countdown(time_sec):
while time_sec:
mins, secs = divmod(time_sec, 60)
timeformat = '{:02d}:{:02d}'.format(mins, secs)
print(timeformat, end='\r')
time.sleep(1)
time_sec -= 1

print("stop")

countdown(5)
Python Program to Count the
Number of Occurrence of a
Character in String
Example 1: Using a for loop
count = 0

my_string = "Programiz"
my_char = "r"

for i in my_string:
if i == my_char:
count += 1

print(count)
Run Code

Output

Example 2: Using method count()

my_string = "Programiz"
my_char = "r"

print(my_string.count(my_char))
Run Code

Output

2
Python Program to Remove
Duplicate Element From a List
Example 1: Using set()
list_1 = [1, 2, 1, 4, 6]

print(list(set(list_1)))
Run Code

Output

[1, 2, 4, 6]

Example 2: Remove the items that are duplicated in two lists

list_1 = [1, 2, 1, 4, 6]
list_2 = [7, 8, 2, 1]

print(list(set(list_1) ^ set(list_2)))
Run Code

Output

[4, 6, 7, 8]
Python Program to Iterate Through
Two Lists in Parallel
Example 1: Using zip (Python 3+)
list_1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]
list_2 = ['a', 'b', 'c']

for i, j in zip(list_1, list_2):

print(i, j)
Run Code

Output

1 a
2 b
3 c
Example 2: Using itertools (Python 2+)
import itertools

list_1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]
list_2 = ['a', 'b', 'c']

# loop until the short loop stops

for i,j in zip(list_1,list_2):
print(i,j)

print("\n")

# loop until the longer list stops

for i,j in itertools.zip_longest(list_1,list_2):
print(i,j)
Run Code

Output

1 a
2 b
3 c

1 a
2 b
3 c
4 None