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Lecture 09-Network Programming using Golang

Lecture 09 covers network programming in Golang, focusing on the 'net' package which facilitates TCP/IP and UDP communication. It explains key functions such as Dial for connecting to servers and Listen for creating servers, along with examples of handling connections and using goroutines and channels. Additionally, the lecture introduces network serialization using the gob package for encoding and decoding data structures over the network.

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i200958 Sheir Muhammad
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5 views

Lecture 09-Network Programming using Golang

Lecture 09 covers network programming in Golang, focusing on the 'net' package which facilitates TCP/IP and UDP communication. It explains key functions such as Dial for connecting to servers and Listen for creating servers, along with examples of handling connections and using goroutines and channels. Additionally, the lecture introduces network serialization using the gob package for encoding and decoding data structures over the network.

Uploaded by

i200958 Sheir Muhammad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 09 – Network Programming using Golang

Lecture 09
Network Programming using Golang
Lecture 09 – Network Programming using Golang

The net package


• Package net provides a portable interface for network I/O, including
TCP/IP, UDP, domain name resolution…

package main

import (
"net“
//...
)
Lecture 09 – Network Programming using Golang

The net package


• The package provides access to low-level networking primitives but
most clients would use some basic functions

• The Dial function connects to a server:


conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "google.com:80")
if err != nil {
// handle error
}
fmt.Fprintf(conn, "GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n")
// ...
Lecture 09 – Network Programming using Golang

The net package


• The package provides access to low-level networking primitives but
most clients would use some basic functions

• The Listen function creates servers:


ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":8080")
if err != nil {
// handle error
}
for {
conn, err := ln.Accept()
if err != nil {
// handle error
}
go handleConnection(conn)
}
Lecture 09 – Network Programming using Golang

What does the following code do?


package main

import (
"log"
"net"
)

func main() {
ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":6000")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
for {
conn, err := ln.Accept()
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
continue
}
go handleConnection(conn)
}
}

func handleConnection(c net.Conn) {

log.Println("A client has connected", c.RemoteAddr())


c.Write([]byte("Hello world"))

}
Lecture 09 – Network Programming using Golang

What does the following code do?


package main

import (
"fmt"
"net"
)

func main() {
conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "localhost:6000")
if err != nil {
// handle error
}
recvdSlice := make([]byte, 11)
conn.Read(recvdSlice)
fmt.Println(string(recvdSlice))

}
Lecture 09 – Network Programming using Golang

What does the following code do?


func main() {
ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":6000")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
for {
conn, err := ln.Accept()
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
continue
}
go handleConnection(conn)
}
}
Lecture 09 – Network Programming using Golang

What does the following code do?

func handleConnection(c net.Conn) {

buf := make([]byte, 4096)


for {
n, err := c.Read(buf)
if err != nil || n == 0 {
c.Close()
break
}
n, err = c.Write(buf[0:n])
if err != nil {
c.Close()
break
}
}
log.Printf("Connection from %v closed.", c.RemoteAddr())
}
Lecture 09 – Network Programming using Golang

Goroutines
package main

import (
"fmt"
"time"
)

func say(s string) {


for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
fmt.Println(s)
}
}

func main() {
go say("world")
say("hello")
}
Lecture 09 – Network Programming using Golang

Channels
package main
import "fmt"
func sendValues(myIntChannel chan int){

for i:=0; i<5; i++ {


myIntChannel <- i
}
}

func main() {
myIntChannel := make(chan int)

go sendValues(myIntChannel) // function sending value

for i:=0; i<5; i++ {


fmt.Println(<-myIntChannel) //receiving value
}
}
Lecture 09 – Network Programming using Golang

Channels
package main
import "fmt"
func sendValues(myIntChannel chan int){

for i:=0; i<5; i++ {


myIntChannel <- i //sending value
}
}

func main() {
myIntChannel := make(chan int)

go sendValues(myIntChannel)

for i:=0; i<6; i++ {


fmt.Println(<-myIntChannel) //receiving value
}
}
Lecture 09 – Network Programming using Golang

Channels
package main
import "fmt"
func sum(s []int, c chan int) {
sum := 0
for _, v := range s {
sum += v
}
c <- sum // send sum to c
}
func main() {
s := []int{7, 2, 8, -9, 4, 0}

c := make(chan int)
go sum(s[:len(s)/2], c)
go sum(s[len(s)/2:], c)
x, y := <-c, <-c // receive from c

fmt.Println(x, y, x+y)
}
Lecture 09 – Network Programming using Golang

Channels Usage
// Declare a channel
ch := make(chan int) // working channel
// or
var ch chan int // has to be initialized
// or
c := make(chan Type, n) // channel with buffer capacity n
// Add a value to a channel
ch <- 5 // arrow pointing to channel
// Retrieve a value from channel
value := <- ch // arrow pointing away from channel
// Close a channel
close(channel)
// Declare uni directional channels
r := make(<-chan int) // read only channel
w := make(chan<- int) // write only channel
Lecture 09 – Network Programming using Golang

Network Serialization
• How to send a block over the network to
other peers.

• One option, do it all ourselves.


– Define a protocol, delimiters
– write/read to/from connections.
– Fix previousPointers ourselves
Lecture 09 – Network Programming using Golang

Network Serialization
• Alternatively, use gob package.
• Package gob manages streams of gobs -
binary values exchanged between an
Encoder (transmitter) and a Decoder
(receiver).
Lecture 09 – Network Programming using Golang

An example would help server.go


import (
"encoding/gob"
...
)
type Block struct {
Transaction string
PrevPointer *Block
}
func main() {
ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":6000")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
for {
conn, err := ln.Accept()
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
continue
}
go handleConnection(conn)
}
}
Lecture 09 – Network Programming using Golang

server.go

func handleConnection(c net.Conn) {

log.Println("A client has connected", c.RemoteAddr())


block1 := &Block{"Satoshis100", nil}
block2 := &Block{"Satoshi50Alice50", block1}

gobEncoder := gob.NewEncoder(c)
err := gobEncoder.Encode(block2)
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
}
}
Lecture 09 – Network Programming using Golang

client.go
type Block struct {
Transaction string
PrevPointer *Block
}

func main() {
conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "localhost:6000")
if err != nil {
//handle error
}
var recvdBlock Block
dec := gob.NewDecoder(conn)
err = dec.Decode(&recvdBlock)
if err != nil {
//handle error
}
fmt.Println(recvdBlock.Transaction)
fmt.Println(recvdBlock.PrevPointer.Transaction)
}
Lecture 09 – Network Programming using Golang

Putting it all together


• Send blockChain to other peer once they
connect !!

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