Write python code to count frequency of each characters in a given file.

Sol:- This program reads a file and counts how many times each character appears.

# Open the file in read mode

file = open("sample.txt", "r")

# Read the file content

text = file.read()

# Create an empty dictionary to store character frequencies

char_freq = {}

# Count frequency of each character

for char in text:

if char in char_freq:

char_freq[char] += 1

else:

char_freq[char] = 1

# Print the result

for char, freq in char_freq.items():

print(f"'{char}': {freq}")

file.close()

Write python program to read contents of abc.txt and write same content to
pqr.txt
Sol:- # Open abc.txt in read mode

with open("abc.txt", "r") as source_file:

content = source_file.read()

# Open pqr.txt in write mode and write the content

with open("pqr.txt", "w") as destination_file:

destination_file.write(content)

print("Content copied successfully.")

Design a class student with data members; Name, roll number address.
Create suitable method for reading and printing students details.
Sol:- class Student:

def __init__(self)
 self.name = ""

self.roll_no = 0

self.address = ""

def read_details(self):

self.name = input("Enter Name: ")

self.roll_no = int(input("Enter Roll Number: "))

self.address = input("Enter Address: ")

def print_details(self):

print("\n--- Student Details ---")

print("Name :", self.name)

print("Roll No. :", self.roll_no)

print("Address :", self.address)

# Create object of Student class

s1 = Student()

s1.read_details() # Read data from user

s1.print_details() # Display student data

Create a parent class named Animals and a child class Herbivorous which will
extend the class Animal. In the child class Herbivorous over side the method
feed ( ). Create a object of the class Herbivorous and call the method feed
Sol:- # Parent class

class Animals:

def feed(self):

print("Animals eat food.")

# Child class inheriting from Animals

class Herbivorous(Animals):

# Overriding the feed method

def feed(self):

print("Herbivorous animals eat plants.")

# Creating object of child class

h = Herbivorous()

h.feed() # Calls the overridden method

Write Python code for finding greatest among four numbers.
Sol:- # Input four numbers from user

a = int(input("Enter first number: "))

b = int(input("Enter second number: "))

c = int(input("Enter third number: "))

d = int(input("Enter fourth number: "))

# Find the greatest number using if-else

if a >= b and a >= c and a >= d:

greatest = a

elif b >= c and b >= d:

greatest = b

elif c >= d:

greatest = c

else:

greatest = d

# Print the result

print("The greatest number is:", greatest)

Write python program to illustrate if else ladder.

Sol: # Input marks from user

marks = int(input("Enter your marks: "))

# if-elif-else ladder

if marks >= 90:

print("Grade: A+")

elif marks >= 75:

print("Grade: A")

elif marks >= 60:

print("Grade: B")

elif marks >= 50:

print("Grade: C")

elif marks >= 35:

print("Grade: D")
else:

print("Fail")

Write a program to implement the concept of inheritance in python.

Sol: # Parent class

class Animal:

def __init__(self, name, age):

self.name = name

self.age = age

def speak(self):

print(f"{self.name} makes a sound.")

# Child class inheriting from Animal

class Dog(Animal):

def __init__(self, name, age, breed):

# Calling the parent class constructor

super().__init__(name, age)

self.breed = breed

# Overriding the speak method

def speak(self):

print(f"{self.name} barks.")

# Creating object of Dog (child class)

dog1 = Dog("Buddy", 3, "Golden Retriever")

# Calling methods

dog1.speak() # Calls the overridden method from Dog class

print(f"{dog1.name} is a {dog1.age}-year-old {dog1.breed}.")

Write a program to open a file in write mode and append some contents at
the end of file.
Sol: # Step 1: Open the file in write mode and write initial content

file = open("example.txt", "w")

file.write("This is the first line.\n")

file.close()
# Step 2: Open the same file in append mode and add more content

file = open("example.txt", "a")

file.write("This is an appended line.\n")

file.close()

# Step 3: Read and display the file contents

file = open("example.txt", "r")

content = file.read()

print(content)

file.close()

Write a program illustrating use of user defined package in python

Sol: Step 1: Create a Package Directory

Let's assume we want to create a package named my_package with the following structure

my_package/

__init__.py

module1.py

module2.py

Step 2: Write Code in Modules

module1.py:

def greet(name):

return f"Hello, {name}!"

module2.py:

def add(a, b):

return a + b

Step 3: Create a Python Script to Use the Package

Assuming the package my_package is in the same directory as the script:

# Importing functions from the user-defined package

from my_package.module1 import greet

from my_package.module2 import add

# Using functions from the package

name = input("Enter your name: ")

print(greet(name)) # Calling the function from module1

x=5

y = 10

print(f"The sum of {x} and {y} is {add(x, y)}.") # Calling the function from module2

Write a program to create class EMPLOYEE with ID and NAME and display its
contents.
Sol: # Creating the EMPLOYEE class

class EMPLOYEE:

def __init__(self, emp_id, name):

self.emp_id = emp_id # Employee ID

self.name = name # Employee Name

def display(self):

# Displaying employee details

print(f"Employee ID: {self.emp_id}")

print(f"Employee Name: {self.name}")

# Creating an object of EMPLOYEE class

employee1 = EMPLOYEE(101, "John Doe")

# Calling the display method

employee1.display()

Write a program to print following : 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4

Sol: # Loop to print the pattern

for i in range(1, 5): # Outer loop for each row

for j in range(1, i + 1): # Inner loop for printing numbers

print(j, end=" ") # Print numbers in the same line

print() # New line after each row

Explain multiple inheritance and write a python program to implement it.

Sol: Multiple inheritance occurs when a class is derived from more than one parent class. This allows
the child class to inherit attributes and methods from multiple parent classes, providing flexibility
and code reuse. In Python, multiple inheritance is possible, and a class can inherit from more than
one parent class.

Program to Implement Multiple Inheritance:

# Parent class 1

class Animal:
def __init__(self, name):

self.name = name

def speak(self):

print(f"{self.name} makes a sound.")

# Parent class 2

class Mammal:

def __init__(self, habitat):

self.habitat = habitat

def describe_habitat(self):

print(f"{self.habitat} is the natural habitat.")

# Child class inheriting from both Animal and Mammal

class Dog(Animal, Mammal):

def __init__(self, name, habitat, breed):

Animal.__init__(self, name) # Calling constructor of Animal

Mammal.__init__(self, habitat) # Calling constructor of Mammal

self.breed = breed

def display_info(self):

print(f"Name: {self.name}")

print(f"Breed: {self.breed}")

print(f"Habitat: {self.habitat}")

# Creating an object of Dog class

dog1 = Dog("Buddy", "House", "Golden Retriever")

# Calling methods from both parent classes

dog1.speak() # From Animal class

dog1.describe_habitat() # From Mammal class

dog1.display_info() # From Dog class

Write a python program to generate five random integers between 10 and 50

using numpy library
Sol: To generate random integers in Python, you can use the numpy library's random.randint()
function. Here's how to generate five random integers between 10 and 50.

import numpy as np
# Generate five random integers between 10 and 50

random_integers = np.random.randint(10, 51, size=5)

# Print the generated random integers

print("Random integers between 10 and 50:", random_integers)