Signals

CA: Request To Send On this line, the DTE will send a signal when it wants to receive data from
the DCE. CB: Clear To Send Here the DCE will send a signal when it's ready to receive data from the DTE. (ex. When your local modem connects to an other modem via telephone lines). CC: Data Set Ready At a logical level of 1, this line indicates to the DTE that the DCE is ready to send data. (ex. When a modem has established a connection with a remote modem and is in transmission mode). CD: Data Terminal Ready When a logical level 1 is sent from the DTE the DCE can start to send and receive data. When this line passes to logical level 0 the DCE will stop all communications. (ex. A modem would stop all communications and would disconnect from the line, you will often see "DROP DTR" in communication programs). CF: Data Carrier Detect On this line the DCE indicates to the DTE that it has established a carrier with a remote device. CE: Ring Indicator This line is used mostly by communications software when the modem is not in "auto answer" mode and will indicate to the the software that a remote device is calling. This is signal is optional when not using software that will answer a phone call automatically. CG: Signal quality This line although rarely used serves to indicate to the DTE that the quality of the signal is poor or just not good enough to keep a good connection. CH: Data signal rate selector In the case where a modem able of multiple connection rates, the DTE could choose the speed at which it is connected. Usually this line is kept a logical level 0 which selects the highest speed. CI: Data signal rate selector This signal is the same as CH but in this case the modem selects the speed at which the DTE communicates. 25pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 9 pin TXD RXD RTS CTS DSR GND CD 3 2 7 8 6 5 1 DCE Direction x Protective Ground I Transmitted Data O Received Data I Request to Send O Clear to Send O Data Set Ready x Signal Ground O Received Line Signal Detector x Reserved for Data set Testing x Ditto x Unassigned O Secondary Received Line Signal Detector O Secondary Clear to send I Secondary Transmitted Data O Transmission Signal Element Timing (DTE Source) O Secondary Received Data O Receiver Signal Element Timing (DCE Source) x Unassigned I Secondary Request to Send CD I Data Terminal Ready O Signal Quality Detector CE O Ring Indicator I/O Data Signal Rate Selector (DTE/DCE Source) I Transmit Signal Element Timing (DTE Source) x Unassigned AA BA BB CA CB CC AB CF ---
SCF SCB SBA DB SBB DD SCA DTR CG CH/CI DA 4 9
How to wire a Nullmodem cable 25pin 9pin 9p 25p FG 1 X 1 FG TD 2 3 2 3 RD RD 3 2 3 2 TD RTS 4 7 8 5 CTS CTS 5 8 7 4 RTS SG 7 5 5 7 SG DSR 6 6 4 20 DTR DTR 20 4 6 6 DSR ---------------------------------------------------------------------Frame Ground Transmit Data Receive Data Request To Send Clear To Send Signal Ground Data Set Ready Data Terminal Ready
RS-232 in Cisco IOS

The Cisco IOS variation of asynchronous RS-232 is shown in Figure 4-3. The variation exists between the Cisco IOS line (DTE) and the NAS modem (DCE). Six RS-232 pins exist between each NAS modem and Cisco IOS line. One or more grounding wires also exist on physical RS-232 lines; however, these wires do not convey signaling. Each pin controls a different RS-232 signal. The arrows in Figure 4-3 indicate the signal transmission direction.
Figure 4-3: Cisco IOS RS-232 Tips In Figure 4-3, notice that the DSR signal is the DCD signal for the modem. In the scheme of Cisco IOS, the DCD pin on the DCE is strapped to the DSR pin on the Cisco IOS DTE side. What the Cisco IOS calls DSR is not DSR; it is DCD. The DCE's actual DSR pin and ring ignore (RI) pin are ignored by the Cisco IOS. Table 4-1 describes how Cisco uses it's RS-232 pins. The signal direction in the table is from the perspective of the DTE (IOS line): Data signals (TxD, RxD) Hardware flow control signals (RTS, CTS) Modem signals (DTR, DSR, DCD, RI) Table 4-1: RS-232 Signal Signal Purpose State Behavior Signal Direction ------> Transmit Data (TxD) DTE transmits data to DCE. (Output) <-----Receive Data (RxD) DCE transmits received data to DTE. (Input) DTE uses the RTS output signal to indicate if it can receive ------> characters into the Rx input buffer1. Request To Send (RTS) (Output) The DCE should not send data to the DTE when DTR input is low (no RTS). DCE signals to DTE that it can continue to accept data into its <-----Clear To Send (CTS) buffers. (Input) DCE asserts CTS only if the DCE is able to accept data. DTE signals to DCE that it can continue to accept data into its ------> Data Terminal Ready (DTR) buffers. (Output) DTE asserts RTS only if the DTE is able to accept data. DCE indicates to DTE that a call is established with a remote <-----modem. Dropping DCD terminates the session. Data Carrier Detect (DCD) (Input) DCD will be up on the DCE only if the DCE has achieved data mode with its peer DCE (client modem).
1
The name RTS is illogical with the function (able to receive) due to historical reasons.

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CA: Request To Send On this line, the DTE will send a signal when it wants to receive data from

SCF SCB SBA DB SBB DD SCA DTR CG CH/CI DA 4 9

RS-232 in Cisco IOS

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