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C Programming Command Line Argument

The document discusses the use of command-line arguments in C programming, specifically focusing on the main() function which can accept up to three string arguments. It provides several examples demonstrating how to handle command-line inputs, including calculating factorials and reading/writing student data from files. Each example includes the code and expected output when executed from the command line.

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ABHISHEK GOUTAM
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4 views

C Programming Command Line Argument

The document discusses the use of command-line arguments in C programming, specifically focusing on the main() function which can accept up to three string arguments. It provides several examples demonstrating how to handle command-line inputs, including calculating factorials and reading/writing student data from files. Each example includes the code and expected output when executed from the command line.

Uploaded by

ABHISHEK GOUTAM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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' $

PDS: CS 11002 Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 1

Command-line Arguments

& %
Lect 30 Goutam Biswas
' $
PDS: CS 11002 Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 2

int main()

So far we have used the function main() without


any argument. But it can take string arguments
from the command line when we execute an
executable module e.g. ./a.out. The formal
parameters of main() may be zero to three.

& %
Lect 30 Goutam Biswas
' $
PDS: CS 11002 Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 3

Example 1

#include <stdio.h>
int main(int aNum, char *aList[],
char *envL[])
{ // commLine1.c
int i;

printf("Arg. Num.: %d\n", aNum);


for(i=0;i<aNum;++i) printf("\t%s\n",aList[i]);
for(i=0; envL[i] != ’\0’; ++i)
printf("%s\n", envL[i]);
return 0;

& %
}
Lect 30 Goutam Biswas
' $
PDS: CS 11002 Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 4

Running

$ ./a.out aaaaa bb ccccc dddd eeeee f gg


hhhhhhh
Arg. Num.: 9
a.out
aaaaa
bb
ccccc
dddd
eeeee
f
gg
hhhhhhh
SSH AGENT PID=2914

& %
HOSTNAME=goutam

Lect 30 Goutam Biswas


' $
PDS: CS 11002 Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 5

Example 2

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int aNum, char *aList[]) // commLine2.c
{
int i, n, fact=1;
if(aNum<2){ printf("No argument\n"); return 0; }
n = atoi(aList[1]);
for(i=1; i<=n; ++i) fact *= i;
printf("%d! = %d\n", n, fact);
return 0;
}
& %
Lect 30 Goutam Biswas
' $
PDS: CS 11002 Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 6

Running

$ ./a.out 0
0! = 1
$ ./a.out 1
1! = 1
$ ./a.out 5
5! = 120

& %
Lect 30 Goutam Biswas
' $
PDS: CS 11002 Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 7

Example 3

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define MAXNO 100
#define ROLL 9
#define NAME 51
struct studData {
char rollNo[ROLL] ;
char name[NAME] ;
float cgpa ;
};
int main(int aNum, char *aList[]) // commLine3.c

& %
{
Lect 30 Goutam Biswas
' $
PDS: CS 11002 Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 8

int noOfStdnt, i ;
struct studData data[MAXNO] ;
FILE *fpO, *fpI ;

if(aNum < 3) {
printf("Improper number of arguments\n");
return 0;
}
fpI = fopen(aList[1], "r");
fpO = fopen(aList[2], "w");
fscanf(fpI, "%d", &noOfStdnt);
for(i=0; i<noOfStdnt; ++i) {
fscanf(fpI, "%s", data[i].rollNo);
fscanf(fpI, " %[^0-9]", data[i].name);
& %
Lect 30 Goutam Biswas
' $
PDS: CS 11002 Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 9

fscanf(fpI, "%f", &data[i].cgpa);


}

for(i=0; i<noOfStdnt; ++i) {


fprintf(fpO, "%s ", data[i].rollNo);
fprintf(fpO, " %s", data[i].name);
fprintf(fpO, " %5.2f", data[i].cgpa);
putc(’\n’, fpO);
}
fclose(fpI); fclose(fpO);
return 0;
}

& %
Lect 30 Goutam Biswas
' $
PDS: CS 11002 Computer Sc & Engg: IIT Kharagpur 10

Running

$ a.out openDat outDat

& %
Lect 30 Goutam Biswas

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