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Python Random Module Guide

The Python `random` module provides various functions for generating random numbers and performing random operations, including generating floats, integers, and selecting random elements from sequences. Key functions include `random.random()`, `random.uniform()`, `random.randint()`, and `random.choice()`, among others. The module also allows for reproducibility through `random.seed()` and state management with `random.getstate()` and `random.setstate()`.

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3 views

Python Random Module Guide

The Python `random` module provides various functions for generating random numbers and performing random operations, including generating floats, integers, and selecting random elements from sequences. Key functions include `random.random()`, `random.uniform()`, `random.randint()`, and `random.choice()`, among others. The module also allows for reproducibility through `random.seed()` and state management with `random.getstate()` and `random.setstate()`.

Uploaded by

drdeath0002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Complete Guide to Python's random Module

Python random Module - Full Reference

The `random` module in Python provides functions for generating random numbers and performing random

operations.

1. random.random()

Generates a float from 0.0 (inclusive) to 1.0 (exclusive).

Example:

import random

print(random.random()) # Output: 0.3747...

2. random.uniform(a, b)

Returns a random float between a and b.

Example:

print(random.uniform(1.5, 4.5)) # Output: 3.278...

3. random.randint(a, b)

Returns a random integer N such that a <= N <= b.

Example:

print(random.randint(1, 10)) # Output: 7

4. random.randrange(start, stop, step)

Returns a randomly selected element from range(start, stop, step).

Example:

print(random.randrange(1, 10, 2)) # Output: 3

5. random.choice(sequence)

Returns a random element from a non-empty sequence.

Example:

items = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']

print(random.choice(items)) # Output: banana


Complete Guide to Python's random Module

6. random.choices(population, weights=None, k=1)

Returns a list with k selections (with replacement) from population.

Example:

print(random.choices([1, 2, 3], k=5)) # Output: [2, 3, 2, 1, 1]

7. random.sample(population, k)

Returns k unique elements from the population.

Example:

print(random.sample(range(1, 30), 5)) # Output: [5, 1, 12, 18, 7]

8. random.shuffle(x)

Shuffles the sequence in place.

Example:

x = [1, 2, 3, 4]

random.shuffle(x)

print(x) # Output: [4, 1, 2, 3]

9. random.seed(a=None)

Initializes the random number generator. Use this to reproduce results.

Example:

random.seed(42)

print(random.random()) # Same result every time with same seed

10. random.getstate() and random.setstate()

Used to capture and restore the internal state of the generator.

Example:

state = random.getstate()

print(random.random())

random.setstate(state)

print(random.random()) # Same as the previous value


Complete Guide to Python's random Module

Usage Note:

- Use `random.seed()` for reproducible results, especially in testing or tutorials.

- Use `random.sample()` if you need unique values, otherwise use `random.choices()` for random selections

with replacement.

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