BIOLOGY IN
HEALTHCARE
01
ÍNDICE
01 Skeletal System
02 Muscle system
03 Circulatory system
04 Nervous system
05 Drugs
INTRODUCTION
what are we going to see?
Taking care of our health is more than just avoiding illness—it's
about having the strength to move, the clarity to think, and the
energy to enjoy each day. Our bodies are complex, made up of
systems that work together constantly, even when we don't
notice them. But understanding how they function can help us
make smarter choices to feel better physically, mentally, and
emotionally.
In this magazine, we explore four vital systems of the human
body: the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory
system, and the nervous system. Through informative articles,
real-life insights, and a special interview with a healthcare
professional, we take a closer look at how these systems support
our daily lives and overall well-being.
From the bones that hold us up, to the muscles that let us move,
the blood that nourishes our cells, and the neurons that help us
think and feel—each system plays a key role in who we are. We
hope this magazine helps you better understand your body and
inspires you to take care of it every day.
01
SKELETAL
SYSTEM
The human skeleton is the Bone tissue is formed by
internal framework of the body, osteons made up of concentric
composed of bones and layers of bone lamellae. In the
cartilages, along with center of the osteon there is a
connective tissues such as canal called the havers canal,
ligaments and tendons. It is through which blood vessels
divided into two main parts: the lymphatic vessels and nerves
axial skeleton, which includes circulate.
the skull, vertebral column, and The skeletal system is
rib cage, and the appendicular organised into an appendicular
skeleton, which comprises the skeleton and axial skeleton.
pelvic and pectoral girdles and
Parts of the Skeletal System
the limbs.
Bones: 206 rigid structures
The skeleton serves three
that support the body (long,
primary functions: support,
short, flat, irregular).
protection, and motion. It
Cartilage: Flexible tissue that
supports the body,
cushions joints.
protects vital organs like the
Joints: Connections between
brain and heart, and facilitates
bones (immovable, slightly
movement through its
movable, freely movable).
interaction with muscles. The
Ligaments: Connect bones
adult human skeleton typically
to bones and stabilize joints.
consists of 206 bones.
Bone marrow: Produces
American Cancer Society.
blood cells inside some
(2022, December 13). Skeletal
bones.
system. 01
Osteoporosis is a disease in
which your bones become
weak and are likely to fracture
(break). The disease can
develop when your bone
mineral density and bone
mass decrease. It can also
happen if the structure and
strength of your bones
change.
Osteoporosis is called a "silent"
disease because it doesn't
usually cause symptoms. You
may not even know you have
the disease until you break a MedlinePlus. (n.d.). Osteoporosis. U.S.
bone. This could happen with National Library of Medicine.
any bone, but it's most [Link]
common in the bones of your A fracture is a break in a bone.
hip, vertebrae in the spine, and Fractures are usually caused
wrist. by injuries. Since they can
sometimes be serious, it's
important to get medical care
right away if you think you
have a fracture.
MedlinePlus. (n.d.). Fractures. U.S. National
Library of Medicine.
[Link]
Camurati-Engelmann disease
is a skeletal condition that is
characterized by abnormally
thick bones (hyperostosis) in
the arms, legs, and skull.
02
02 MUSCLE
SYSTEM
03
DISEASES AND
CONDITIONS
Cramps: there is loss of contact betwen
Muscle cramps are sudden, the bony structure and the
involuntary contractions or articular surface Muscle tear:
spasms in one or more of your Muscle fibre ruptures are
muscles. They are very injuries to the muscle where
common and often occur after the fibres that make up the
exercise. Some people get muscle break.
muscle cramps, especially leg
cramps, at night. They can be Botulism:
painful, and they may last a Botulism is a tetanus-like
few seconds to several disease caused by infection
minutes. with a bacterium, clostridium
National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). Muscle botullinum, which produces a
cramps. MedlinePlus. toxin that attacks the body’s
nerves.
Sprain:
It can be defines as an Tetanus:
overstretching of the joint Commonly known as
ligament. it usually occurs “lockjaw”, is a disease caused
when excessive stress is by Clostridium tetani
applied to the joints. bacterium. This bacterium
moves through the central
Dislocation: nervous system, producin a
It can be defined as the toxin that causes the muscles
dislocation of a joint so that of the body contract.
04
03
CIRCULATORY
SISTEM
Did you know what?
Did you know that the human circulatory system can travel
over 96,000 kilometers of blood vessels?
That's more than twice the circumference of the Earth! This system,
composed of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries are essential
for transporting blood, oxygen, and nutrients to all the body's cells.
It also performs vital functions such as regulating body
temperature, eliminating waste, and defending the body through
immune system cells. Without it, no organ could function properly.
Main Components and functions
Heart – Pumps blood
Blood vessels – Arteries, veins, capillaries
Blood – Carries oxygen, nutrients, waste
Transport
Waste removal
Temperature and pH regulation
Protection (immune defense)
05
The circulatory system plays a vital role in keeping us alive. It
delivers oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to the body while
removing waste like carbon dioxide. But when this system is
affected, it can lead to serious health problems. Here are some of
the most common circulatory diseases:
Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): Often has no symptoms
but can damage the heart, brain, and kidneys.
Heart Attack: Caused by blocked arteries; symptoms include
chest pain and shortness of breath.
Stroke: Blood flow to the brain is blocked or interrupted; can
cause loss of movement or speech.
Heart Failure: The heart can't pump blood properly; leads to
fatigue and swelling.
Atherosclerosis: Fat builds up in arteries, narrowing them and
increasing risk of heart attack or stroke.
Arrhythmias: Irregular heartbeats; some are harmless, others
need treatment.
How to Prevent Them
A healthy diet, regular exercise, not smoking, and managing stress
are essential to protecting your circulatory health. Regular medical
checkups can help detect issues early and prevent complications.
06
04 NERVOUS
SYSTEM
Have you ever wondered how your
body knows to pull your hand away
when you touch something hot? Or
how you can remember a song just
by hearing its first few notes? The
answer to these and many other
everyday mysteries lies in a
complex, fast, and fascinating
network: the nervous system.
Fun Facts About the Nervous
System
Your brain consumes about
20% of the body's total energy.
Although it makes up only 2%
of your body weight, the brain
can store more information
than a modern computer.
A nerve impulse can travel
faster than a Formula 1 car.
07
NEURONS &
BEHAVIOR
What you didn't know about neurons
Neurons can be classified by neuron detects the pain, an
function (motor, sensory, and interneuron processes it, and a
interneurons) and shape motor neuron triggers the hand
(unipolar, bipolar, multipolar): to move away.
Motor (response) neurons:
Carry signals from the
central nervous system
(CNS) to muscles or glands
to control actions like
walking. They are multipolar,
with many dendrites and
one axon.
Sensory neurons: Send
information from the body
(like smell or sound) to the
CNS. They are unipolar, with
two long axons covered in
myelin.
Interneurons: Connect
sensory and motor neurons,
process information, and
are involved in memory,
thought, and language.
They are also multipolar.
For example, when a cactus
pricks the skin, a sensory
08
The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems
The nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central
nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord,
and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which encompasses
everything else. Although this division is useful, it is not always
accurate, as some elements of the PNS are located within the
cavities of the skull or spine.
The problem with trying to fit functional differences into
anatomical divisions is that sometimes the same structure can be
part of several functions. For example, the optic nerve carrie
signals from the retina that are either used for the conscious
perception of visual stimuli, which takes place in the cerebral
cortex, or for the reflexive responses of smooth muscle tissue that
are processed through the hypothalamus. There are two ways to
consider how the nervous system is divided functionally. First, the
basic functions of the nervous system are sensation, integration,
and response. Secondly, control of the body can be somatic or
autonomic—divisions that are largely defined by the structures that
are involved in the response. There is also a region of the
peripheral nervous system that is called the enteric nervous
system that is responsible for a specific set of the functions within
the realm of autonomic control related to gastrointestinal
functions.
[Link]
and-function-of-the-nervous-system
09
05 DRUGS
What are drugs? diseases whose damage lies in the
Drugs are chemical nervous system. Alzheimer's
substances that can change disease (AD) is the most common
how your body and mind form of dementia among older
people. Dementia is a brain disorder
work. They include
that seriously affects thinking and
prescription medicines, over-
memory skills. If you have AD, it can
the-counter medicines,
impair your ability to reason or
alcohol, tobacco, and illegal learn new skills until it becomes
drugs. difficult to complete daily activities.
What is drug use? National Library of Medicine. (s.f.).
Alzheimer's disease. MedlinePlus.
Drug use, or misuse, includes: [Link]
Using illegal substances, tml
such as: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a
Anabolic steroids type of movement disorder. It
Club drugs happens when nerve cells in the
Cocaine brain don't produce enough of a
Heroin brain chemical called dopamine.
Inhalants Sometimes it is genetic, but most
Marijuana cases do not seem to run in
Methamphetamines families. Exposure to chemicals
National Library of Medicine. (s.f.). Drug in the environment might play a
use and addiction. MedlinePlus.
[Link] role.
[Link] National Library of Medicine. (s.f.).
Parkinson's disease. MedlinePlus.
In addition to narcotics, these
are
[Link]
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Team members
Santiago Alcorta Saldívar 2257455
Joselyn Diaz Triana 2257291
Felipe de Jesús García Serrato 225744
Samantha González Rodríguez 2257321
Camila González Morales 2257451
Julia Fernanda López ibarra 2257450
Yvon Ximena Mena Torres 2257490
Christian Andrés Pérez Martínez 2257293
Angie Abigail Ramos Bernal 2257313
Azul Antonella Zuñiga Hernández 2257337
