What is an Angle?

Two rays that share the same endpoint form an angle. The point where the rays intersect is called the vertex of the angle. The two rays are called the sides of the angle or arms of the angle. Example: Here are some examples of angles.

We can specify an angle by using a point on each ray and the vertex. The angle below may be specified as angle ABC or as angle CBA; you may also see this written as ABC or as CBA. Note how the vertex point is always given in the middle.

Degrees: Measuring Angles

We measure the size of an angle using degrees. Example: Here are some examples of angles and their degree measurements.

As the Angle Increases, the Name Changes

Type of Angle Acute Angle Right Angle Obtuse Angle Straight Angle Reflex Angle Description an angle that is less than 90 an angle that is 90 exactly an angle that is greater than 90 but less than 180 an angle that is 180 exactly an angle that is greater than 180

Acute Angles
An acute angle is an angle measuring between 0 and 90 degrees. Example: The following angles are all acute angles.

Obtuse Angles
An obtuse angle is an angle measuring between 90 and 180 degrees. Example: The following angles are all obtuse.

Right Angles
A right angle is an angle measuring 90 degrees. Two lines or line segments that meet at a right angle are said to be perpendicular. Note that any two right angles are supplementary angles (a right angle is its own angle supplement). Example: The following angles are both right angles.

Complementary Angles Two angles are called complementary angles if the sum of their degree measurements equals 90 degrees (right angle). One of the complementary angles is said to be the complement of the other. The two angles do not need to be together or adjacent. They just need to add up to 90 degrees. If the two complementary angles are adjacent then they will form a right angle.

ABC is the complement of CBD

These two angles (40 and 50) are Complementary Angles, because they add up to 90.

These two are complementary because 27 + 63 = 90

Example: What is the complementary angle of 43o?

Solution:

90o - 43o = 47o OR

x + 43o = 90 x = 90 43o x = 47o

Example: x and y are complementary angles. Given x = 35, find the value y. Solution: x + y = 90 35 + y = 90 y = 90 35 = 55 Q If two angles are complementary and one of them is 77, what is the size of the other angle? (A)
Ans (A)

13 13

(B)

23

(C)

77

(D)

103

Supplementary Angles
Two angles are called supplementary angles if the sum of their degree measurements equals 180 degrees. One of the supplementary angles is said to be the supplement of the other.
The two angles do not need to be together or adjacent. They just need to add up to 180 degrees. If the two supplementary angles are adjacent then they will form a straight line.

ABC is the supplement of CBD

These two are supplementary because 60 + 120 = 180

Example: What is the supplementary angle of 43o?

Solution:

180o - 43o = 137o OR x + 43o = 180 x = 180 43o x = 137o

Example: x and y are supplementary angles. Given x = 72, find the value y. Solution: x + y = 180 72 + y = 180 y = 180 72 = 108 Q Two angles are supplementary and one of them is 31 ,What is the size of the other angle? (A) 31 (B) 59 (C) 121 (D) 149

Ans

(D)

149

Adjacent Angles
Two angles are Adjacent if they have a (a) common side or arm (b) a common vertex (corner point) (c) don't overlap or no common interior points

Angle ABC is adjacent to angle CBD Because:

they have a common side (line CB) they have a common vertex (point B)

<1 and <2 are adjacent angles. <1 and <ABC are NOT adjacent.

(<ABC overlaps <1)

What Is and Isn't an Adjacent Angle

These ARE Adjacent Angles they share a vertex and a side

NOT Adjacent Angles they only share a vertex, not a side

NOT Adjacent Angles they only share a side, not a vertex

Don't Overlap! Or No common interior points

ALSO the angles must not overlap.

NOT Adjacent Angles angles a and b overlap

Straight Angle
A straight angle is 180 degrees

This is a straight angle A straight angle changes the direction to point the opposite way. Sometimes people say "You did a complete 180 on that!" ... meaning you completely changed your mind, idea or direction.
All the angles below are straight angles:

Angles On One Side of A Straight Line

Angles on one side of a straight line will always add to 180 degrees.
If a line is split into 2 and you know one angle you can always find the other one.

30 + 150 = 180

Example: If we know one angle is 45 what is angle "a" ?

Angle a is 180 45 = 135

This method can be used for several angles on one side of a straight line.

Example: What is angle "b" ?

Angle b is simply 180 less the sum of the other angles. Sum of known angles = 45 + 39 + 24 Sum of known angles = 108 Angle b = 180 108 Angle b = 72

Interior Angle
An Interior Angle is an angle inside a shape.

Note: When you add up the Interior Angle and Exterior Angle you get a straight line, 180. The Interior Angles of a Triangle add up to 180

90 + 60 + 30 = 180
It works for this triangle!

80 + 70 + 30 = 180
Let's tilt a line by 10 ... It still works, because one angle went up by 10, but the other went down by 10

Alternate Interior Angles

For any pair of parallel lines 1 and 2, that are both intersected by a third line, such as line 3 in the diagram below, angle A and angle D are called alternate interior angles. Alternate interior angles have the same degree measurement. Angle B and angle C are also alternate interior angles.

Exterior Angle
The Exterior Angle is the angle between any side of a shape, and a line extended from the next side.

Note: When you add up the Interior Angle and Exterior Angle you get a straight line, 180.

Alternate Exterior Angles

For any pair of parallel lines 1 and 2, that are both intersected by a third line, such as line 3 in the diagram below, angle A and angle D are called alternate exterior angles. Alternate exterior angles have the same degree measurement. Angle B and angle C are also alternate exterior angles.

Vertical Angles are 2 angles whose sides form two pairs of opposite rays (straight lines). Vertical angles are not adjacent. They are
located across from one another in the corners of the "X" formed by the two straight lines. They are always equal in measure.
<1 and <3 are vertical angles. <2 and <4 are vertical angles. <1 and <2 are NOT vertical.

THEOREM: Vertical angles are congruent.

For any two lines that meet, such as in the diagram below, angle AEB and angle DEC are called vertical angles. Vertical angles have the same degree measurement. Angle BEC and angle AED are also vertical angles.

Corresponding Angles
For any pair of parallel lines 1 and 2, that are both intersected by a third line, such as line 3 in the diagram below, angle A and angle C are called corresponding angles. Corresponding angles have the same degree measurement. Angle B and angle D are also corresponding angles.

A Linear Pair is 2 adjacent angles whose non-common sides form opposite rays. The angles MUST be adjacent.
<1 and <2 form a linear pair. The line passing through points A, B, and C is a straight line. <1 and <2 are supplementary.

THEOREM: If two angles form a linear pair, they are supplementary. THEOREM: If two congruent angles form a linear pair, they are right angles.

Angle Bisector
An angle bisector is a ray that divides an angle into two equal angles. Example: The blue ray on the right is the angle bisector of the angle on the left.

The red ray on the right is the angle bisector of the angle on the left.

Perpendicular Lines
Two lines that meet at a right angle are perpendicular.

These lines intersect and form four right angles. They are perpendicular lines.

PAIR OF LINES
Two lines can be related to each other in four different ways.

TRANSVERSAL A line that intersects two or more lines at a distinct points is called Transversal.

Transversal crossing two lines

This Transversal crosses two parallel lines

This Transversal cuts across three lines

These two lines are parallel, and are cut by a transversal. Eight angles appear, in four corresponding pairs that have the same measure, so therefore are congruent. These four corresponding pairs are: angles a and e angles c and g angles b and f angles d and h

The angles that lie in the interior area, or the area between the two lines that are cut by the transversal, are called interior angles. Interior angles are c, d, e and f The angles that lie in the exterior area, that are cut by the transversal, are called interior angles. Exterior angles are a, b, g, and h Angles on opposite sides of the transversal are called alternate angles. Angles c and f, and d and e, are alternate interior angles. Angles a and h, and b and g, are alternate exterior angles. Note that these alternate pairs are also congruent.