Technical Note 15

SPI Interface Specification

OBJECTIVE
This document specifies the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) that is used in the 1-axis SCA61T and the 2-axis SCA100T inclinometers.

THE SPI INTERFACE

A Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) system consists of one master device and one or more slave devices. The master is defined as a microcomputer providing the SPI clock, and the slave as any integrated circuit receiving the SPI clock from the master. The ASIC in VTI Technologies products always operates as a slave device in master-slave operation mode. The SPI has a 4-wire synchronous serial interface. Data communication is enabled with a low active Slave Select or Chip Select wire (CSB). Data is transmitted with a 3-wire interface consisting of wires for serial data input (MOSI), serial data output (MISO) and serial clock (SCK)..
MASTER MICROCONTROLLER
DATA OUT (MOSI) DATA IN (MISO) SERIAL CLOCK (SCK) SS0 SS1 SS2 SS3 SI SO SCK CS SI SO SCK CS SI SO SCK CS SLAVE SI SO SCK CS

Figure 1. Typical SPI connection The SPI interface in VTI products is designed to support almost any micro controller that uses software implemented SPI. However it is not designed to support any particular hardware implemented SPI found in many commercial micro controllers. The SPI interface is used for testing and calibration purposes, and it can also be used in the final application. Some of the test and calibration commands are disabled in normal use, and are not documented here. The data transfer uses the following 4-wire interface: MOSI MISO SCK CSB master out slave in master in slave out serial clock chip select (low active) P ASIC ASIC P P ASIC P ASIC

3 May 2004

VTI Technologies reserves all rights to modify this document prior notice.

Each transmission starts with a falling edge of CSB and ends with the rising edge. During the transmission, commands and data are controlled by SCK and CSB according to the following rules: commands and data are shifted; MSB first, LSB last each output data/status bits are shifted out on the falling edge of SCK (MISO line) each bit is sampled on the rising edge of SCK (MOSI line) after the device is selected with the falling edge of CSB, an 8-bit command is received. The command defines the operations to be performed the rising edge of CSB ends all data transfer and resets internal counter and command register if an invalid command is received, no data is shifted into the chip and the MISO remains in high impedance state until the falling edge of CSB. This reinitializes the serial communication. In order to perform other commands than those listed in Table 1, the lock register content must be set correctly. If such a command is fed without setting the correct lock register content, no data will be shifted into the chip and the MISO remains in high impedance state until the falling edge of CSB. data transfer to MOSI continues immediately after receiving the command in all cases where data is to be written to ASICs internal registers data transfer out from MISO starts with the falling edge of SCK immediately after the last bit of the SPI command is sampled in on the rising edge of SCK maximum data transfer speed exceeds 1 MHz clock rate

SPI command can be either an individual command or a combination of command and data. In the case of combined command and data, the input data follows uninterruptedly the SPI command and the output data is shifted out parallel with the input data.
C SB
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

SC K
C O M M AN D D A T A IN 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

M OSI

M ISO

H IG H IM PED AN C E 7 6 5

D A TA O U T 4 3 2 1 0

Figure 2. Command and data transmission over the SPI After power up, the circuit starts to operate in Measure mode. This is the normal operation mode that is used in the applications.

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DIGITAL INTERFACE SPECIFICATION (TABLE 1)

Parameter Digital output load (1 SPI clock frequency Internal AD conversion Data transfer time Condition @ 500 kHz 150 38 Min Typ Max 1 500 Units nF kHz s s

@ 500 kHz

Note1. Minimum SPI frequency depends on the master microcontroller clock frequency

SPI COMMANDS
The SPI interface uses an 8-bit instruction (or command) register. The list of commands is given in Table 2.
Command MEAS RWTR STX STY RDAX RDAY Command format 00000000 00001000 00001110 00001111 00010000 00010001 Description: Measure mode (normal operation mode after power on) Read and write temperature data register Activate Self test for X-channel Activate Self test for Y-channel Read X-channel acceleration through SPI Read Y-channel acceleration through SPI

Table 2.

SPI commands. The commands in Italic are in use in the 2-axis SCA100T only.

Measure mode (MEAS) is standard operation mode after power-up. During normal operation, MEAS command is the exit command from Self test. Read temperature data register (RWTR) reads temperature data register during normal operation without effecting the operation. Temperature data register is loaded in every 150 s. The load operation is disabled whenever the CSB signal is low, hence CSB must stay high at least 150 s prior the RWTR command in order to guarantee correct data. The data transfer is presented in Figure 3, and the data is transferred MSB first. In normal operation, it does not matter what data is written into temperature data register during the RWTR command and hence writing all zeros is recommended. Self test for X-channel (STX) activates the self test function for the X-channel (Channel 1). Internal charge pump is activated and a high voltage is applied to the X-channel acceleration sensor element electrode. This causes electrostatic force that deflects the beam of the sensing element and simulates the acceleration to the positive direction. X-channel self-test is de-activated by giving the MEAS command. Self test for Y-channel (STY) activates the self test function for the Y-channel (Channel 2). Internal charge pump is activated and a high voltage is applied to the Y-channel acceleration sensor element electrode. This causes electrostatic force that deflects the beam of the sensing element and simulates the acceleration to the positive direction. Y-channel self-test is de-activated by giving the MEAS command. Note! This command is valid for the 2-axis SCA100T only. Read X-channel acceleration (RDAX) accesses the AD converted X-channel (Channel 1) acceleration signal stored in acceleration data register X. During normal operation, acceleration data register X is loaded in every 150 s. The load operation is disabled whenever the CSB signal is low, hence CSB must stay high at least 150 s prior the RDAX command in order to guarantee correct data. Data output is an 11-bit digital word that is fed out MSB first and LSB last. (see Figures 3 and 4).

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Read Y-channel acceleration (RDAY) accesses the AD converted Y-channel (Channel 2) acceleration signal stored in acceleration data register Y. During normal operation acceleration data register Y is loaded in every 150 s. The load operation is disabled whenever the CSB signal is low, hence CSB must stay high at least 150 s prior the RDAY command in order to guarantee correct data. Data output is an 11-bit digital word that is fed out MSB first and LSB last. Note! This command is valid for the 2-axis SCA100T only.

RDAX COMMAND AND DATA TRANSMISSION OVER THE SPI (FIGURE 3)

0 0 MOSI data = 16 (in decimal format) 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1

MS
MISO in high-impedance during 8-bit command.

MISO data = 975 (in decimal format)

LS

SPI BUS TIMING DIAGRAM (FIGURE 4)

T LS1 CSB SCK M OSI T VAL1 M ISO
M SB out

TCH

T CL

T LS2

T LH

T HOL
M SB in DATA in

T SET
LSB in

T VAL2
DATA out LSB out

T LZ

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DC CHARACTERISTICS OF SPI INTERFACE (TABLE 3)

Parameter Input terminal CSB Pull up current Input high voltage Input low voltage Hysteresis Input capacitance Input terminal MOSI, SCK Pull down current Input high voltage Input low voltage Hysteresis Input capacitance Output terminal MISO Output high voltage Output low voltage Tristate leakage Conditions VIN = 0 V Symbol IPU VIH VIL VHYST CIN IPD VIH VIL VHYST CIN VOH VOL ILEAK Min 13 4 -0.3 Typ 22 Max 35 Vdd+0.3 1 Unit A V V V pF A V V V pF V V pA

0.23*Vdd 2 9 4 -0.3 17 29 Vdd+0.3 1

VIN = 5 V

0.23*Vdd 2 Vdd-0.5 5 0.5 100

I > -1mA I < 1 mA 0 < VMISO < Vdd

Supply voltage is 5 V unless otherwise noted. Current flowing into the circuit have positive values.

AC CHARACTERISTICS OF SPI INTERFACE (TABLE 4)

Parameter Terminal CSB, SCK (1 Time from CSB (10%) to SCK (90%) (1 Time from SCK (10%) to CSB (90%) Terminal SCK SCK low time SCK high time Terminal MOSI, SCK Time from changing MOSI (10%, (1 90%) to SCK (90%) . Data setup time Time from SCK (90%) to changing (1 MOSI (10%,90%) . Data hold time Terminal MISO, CSB Time from CSB (10%) to stable MISO (1 (10%, 90%) . Time from CSB (90%) to high (1 impedance state of MISO . Terminal MISO, SCK Time from SCK (10%) to stable MISO (1 (10%, 90%) . Terminal CSB Time between SPI cycles, CSB at high level (90%)
(1

Conditions

Symbol TLS1 TLS2

Min 120 120 1 1

Typ

Max

Unit ns ns s s

Load capacitance at MISO < 2 nF Load capacitance at MISO < 2 nF

TCL TCH

TSET THOL

30 30

ns ns

Load capacitance at MISO < 15 pF Load capacitance at MISO < 15 pF Load capacitance at MISO < 15 pF

TVAL1 TLZ

10 10

100 100

ns ns

TVAL2

100

ns

TLH

15

not production tested

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VTI Technologies, Inc. One Park Lane Blvd. Suite 804 - East Tower Dearborn, MI 48126 USA Tel. (313) 425 0850 Fax (313) 425 0860 sales@vtitechnologies.com