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CONTENT 1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2. INTRODUCTION 3. PART 14. PART 2 5.
PART 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to thank god that finally, I had succeeded in finishing this project work.I would like to thank my beloved Additional Mathematic Teacher, Mrs. Wan Nurhalina bt. __________for all the assistanceshe has provided me during my job search. I appreciate the information and advice she have given, as well as the connections shehave shared with me. Her expertise and help have been invaluable during this process.Also, thanks to my mom and my dad for giving me fully support in completing this project work and permission to use their notebook for further research in completing this project work. I sincerely appreciate their generosity.I would like to give my special thank to my fellow friends who had given me extra information on the project work and studygroup that we had done. Thank you for spending time with me to discuss about the coursework.Last but not least, I would like to express my highest gratitude to all those who gave me the possibility to complete thiscoursework. I really appreciate all your helps. Again, thank you so much.Best Regards, INTRODUCTION A circle is a simpleshapeof Euclidean geometryconsisting of those points in aplanewhich are the samedistancefrom agiven point called thecentre. The common distance of the points of a circle from its centre is called itsradius.Circles are simple closedcurves which divide theplane into two regions, aninterior and an exterior. In everyday use theterm "circle" may be used interchangeably to refer to either the boundary of the figure (known as theperimeter ) or to the wholefigure including its interior, but in strict technical usage "circle" refers to the perimeter while the interior of the circle is called adisk.The circumference of a circle is the perimeter of the circle (especially when referring to its length).A circle is a special ellipsein which the twofociare coincident. Circles are conic sections attained when aright circular cone is intersected with a plane perpendicular to the axis of the cone. PART1 There are a lot of things are a lot of things around us related to circles or parts of a circle. Circle exists in our everyday lives andwithout circles, we could not imagine what it would cause to this world as the most important thing, the Earth itself is a circle. In thisproject, I will use the principle of circle that I had studied to design a garden to beautify the school. Before I further my task, first, we have to know what do pi () related to a circle.When referring to this constant, the symbol is always pronounced like "pie" inEnglish,which is the conventional Englishpronunciation of the Greek letter. In Greek, the name of this letter ispronounced/pi/.Pi or is a mathematical constant whose value is theratio of any circle's circumference to its diameter. In Euclidean plane geometry, is defined as theratio of acircle'scircumference to itsdiameter .The ratio C/d is constant, regardless of a circle's size. For example, if a circle has twice the diameter d of another circle itwill also have twice the circumference C, preserving the ratio C/d. Alternatively can be also defined as the ratio of a circle'sarea (A) to the area of a square whose side is equal to theradius.These definitions depend on results of Euclidean geometry, such as the fact that all circles aresimilar .This can be considered aproblem when occurs in areas of mathematics that otherwise do not involve geometry. For this reason, mathematicians oftenprefer to define without reference to geometry, instead selecting one of itsanalyticproperties as a definition. A common choice isto define as twice the smallest positive x for which cos(x) = 0.
The early history of pi is believed to be built during theFourth Dynasty of Egypt's Old Kingdom, theGreat Pyramid wasconstructed with an approximate ratio of height to circumference of the base of 2. Each side is 440 cubits long, and the height isbelieved to have been 280 cubits tall at the time of its construction. This puts the value at approximately 3.142, or 0.04% above theexact value.AnEgyptianscribe named Ahmesw r o t e t h e o l d e s t k n o w n t e x t t o g i v e a n a p p r o x i m a t e v a l u e f o r . T h e Rhind Mathematical Papyrusdates from theEgyptian Second Intermediate Periodthough Ahmes stated that he copied aMiddle Kingdom papyrus (i.e. from before 1650 BC)and describes the value in such a way that the result obtained comes out to 25681,which is approximately 3.16, or 0.6% above the exact value.As early as the 19th century BC, Babylonian mathematicianswere using 258, which is about 0.5% below the exactvalue. TheIndian astronomer Yajnavalkyagave astronomical calculations in theShatapatha Brahmana (c. 9th century BC) that ledto a fractional approximation of 339108 (which equals 3.13888..., which is correct to two decimal places when rounded, or 0.09% below the exact value).In the third century BC,Archimedesproved the sharp inequalities 22371 < < 227, by means of regular 96-gons; thesevalues are 0.02% and 0.04% off, respectively. (Differentiating thearctangentfunction leads to a simple modernproof that indeed 3+17exceeds.) Later, in the second century AD,Ptolemy, using a regular 360-gon, obtained a value of 3.141666...., which iscorrect to three decimal places.[1]TheChinese mathematician Liu Huiin 263 AD computed with to between 3.141024 and 3.142708 with inscribe 96-gonand 192-gon; the average of these two values is 3.141864, an error of less than 0.01%. However, he suggested that 3.14 was agood enough approximation for practical purpose. Later he obtained a more accurate result 39271250 = 3.1416
Diagram 1 shows a semicircle PQR of diameter 10cm. Semicircles PAB and BCR of diameter d1 and d2 respectively are inscribedin PQR such that the sum of d1 and d2 is equal to 10cm (a)I had completed the Table 1 by using various values of d1 and the corresponding values of d2, in which d1 + d2 = 10cm, todetermine the relation between the lengths of arcs PQR, PAB, and BCR. To find the length of arc, I had used the formula:

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CONTENT 1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2. INTRODUCTION 3. PART 14. PART 2 5.

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