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    Maple A3

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    Amanda Engenheirista
    The document discusses using Maple to model and visualize solutions to the wave equation for a vibrating string. It defines the wave equation and shows that separation of variables leads to a solution involving sums of sines and cosines. Initial conditions of displacement and velocity are defined, and Fourier coefficients are calculated to match the initial conditions. Plots are generated to visualize the string displacement over time, showing the wave propagating along the string according to the solution of the wave equation.

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    Maple A3

    Uploaded by

    Amanda Engenheirista
    77 views3 pages
    The document discusses using Maple to model and visualize solutions to the wave equation for a vibrating string. It defines the wave equation and shows that separation of variables leads to a solution involving sums of sines and cosines. Initial conditions of displacement and velocity are defined, and Fourier coefficients are calculated to match the initial conditions. Plots are generated to visualize the string displacement over time, showing the wave propagating along the string according to the solution of the wave equation.

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    Maple_A3

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    The document discusses using Maple to model and visualize solutions to the wave equation for a vibrating string. It defines the wave equation and shows that separation of variables leads to a solution involving sums of sines and cosines. Initial conditions of displacement and velocity are defined, and Fourier coefficients are calculated to match the initial conditions. Plots are generated to visualize the string displacement over time, showing the wave propagating along the string according to the solution of the wave equation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    77 views3 pages

    Maple A3

    Uploaded by

    Amanda Engenheirista
    The document discusses using Maple to model and visualize solutions to the wave equation for a vibrating string. It defines the wave equation and shows that separation of variables leads to a solution involving sums of sines and cosines. Initial conditions of displacement and velocity are defined, and Fourier coefficients are calculated to match the initial conditions. Plots are generated to visualize the string displacement over time, showing the wave propagating along the string according to the solution of the wave equation.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Appendix A3.

    Partial Differential Equations


    The wave equation
    The following entries show how Maple can be used to plot approximations to solutions of the wave equation on a finite domain: A string of length L with ends clamped at x = 0 and x = L. Let u(x,t) denote the vertical displacement of the string at point x at time t. For small vibrations u satisfies the wave equation ut, t = c ux, x . The letter c denotes a positive constant determined by the characteristics of the string. Separation of variables leads to solutions of the following form N c n p t c n p t n p x An cos + Bn sin UN(x, t) = sin , N a positive integer. L L L n=1
    2

    See Ledder, Chapter 8, Section 3.

    Set the string into motion


    The string is set into motion at t = 0 by giving it an initial shape f (x) and an initial velocity distribution, g(x). Thus the coefficients An and Bn should be chosen so that the function UN(x, 0) = approximates f (x) on [0 , L ] and the function UN(x, t) t
    N c n p Bn n p x sin = L L n=1 t = 0

    n p x An sin L n=1

    approximates g(x). Consequently, An is the Fourier sine series coefficient for f (x) and sine series coefficient for g(x).

    c n p Bn L

    is the Fourier

    The following entries define the functions f and g, calculate An and Bn, then create various solution curves. We assume that L = 1, c = 1 and the string is initially stretched "tent like" over the f(x) = piecewise(x < 0.5, 0.2 x, 0.2 (1 - x)) x axis with the shape

    Set it into motion with a finger flick at a point one quarter of the way from the left endpoint g(t) = 0.1 d(t - 0.25) You may, of course, change these to fit any situation that you would like to explore. > L := 1: c := 1: f := x -> piecewise(x<L/2,2/5*x,2/5*(L-x)): g := x -> 1/10*Dirac(x - L/4):
    1

    An := 2/L*int(f(x)*sin(n*Pi*x/L), x=0..L): Bn := L/(c*n*Pi)*2/L*int(g(x)*sin(n*Pi*x/L), x=0..L): The following entry simplifies the formulas for An and Bn, then displays them. > C := [An,Bn] assuming n::integer: 'An'=C[1],'Bn'=C[2]; 1 1 2 -2 sin n p + cos n p n p 2 2 5n p
    2 2

    An = -

    1 1 2 cos n p n p + 2 sin n p 2 2 5n p
    2 2

    , Bn =

    1 sin n p 4 5np

    This it the definition of U as a function of N, x, and t. > U := (N,x,t) -> sum((An*cos(c*n*Pi*t/L)+Bn*sin(c*n*Pi*t/L))*sin(n*Pi*x/L), n=1..N); N c n p t c n p t n p x An cos + Bn sin U := (N, x, t) sin L L L n=1

    The first plot checks that the coefficients are correct for the velocily function function f is made when we plot U at t =0 below).

    g. (A check for the shape

    > plot( [g(x), sum(c*n*Pi*Bn/L*sin(n*Pi*x/L), n=1..30)], x=0..L, color=[red,blue], title="Initial Velocity");


    Initial Velocity 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 0

    0.2

    0.4 x

    0.6

    0.8

    This curve is a typical approximation to a Dirac delta. The area under the curve is approximately 1/10. The plot of U(20,x,0) shows that the An coefficients are also correct. > plot( U(20,x,0), x=0..L, 0..0.25, ytickmarks=3, title="Initial Waveform");
    Initial Waveform 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    A snapshot of the waveform at t = 0.2: > plot( U(50,x,0.2), x=0..L, color=red);


    2

    0.16 0.12 0.08 0.04 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

    Five snapshots, one every 0.2 seconds: > plot( [U(50,x,0.2*t)$t=0..5], x=0..L, color=red);
    0.2 0.1 0 0 -0.1 -0.2 0.2 0.4 x 0.6 0.8 1

    A movie (see the Help page for plots[animate]): > plots[animate]( plot, [ U(50,x,t), x=0..L ], t=0..2, frames=40);
    t = .87179 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 0 -0.2 0.2 0.4 x 0.6 0.8 1

    The waveform surface > plot3d( U(50,x,t), x=0..L, t=0..2, axes=boxed, orientation=[-60,70], lightmodel=light2 );

    0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 x 0.6 0 0.5 1 1.5 t 2

    0.8

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