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FAMOUS PEOPLE FROM PERU

JORGE MARIO PEDRO VARGAS LLOSA (March 28, 1936) He has been politically active throughout his career; over the course of his life, he has gradually moved from the political left towards liberalism or neoliberalism, a definitively more conservative political position. While he

initially supported the Cuban revolutionary government of Fidel Castro, Vargas Llosa later became disenchanted with the Cuban dictator and his authoritarian regime. He ran for the Peruvian presidency in 1990 with the center-right Frente Democrtico (FREDEMO) coalition, advocating neoliberal reforms, but lost the election to Alberto Fujimori. JULIO CSAR TELLO (April 11, 1880 June 3, 1947) He was a Peruvian archaeologist. Tello is considered the "father of Peruvian archeology" and was America's first indigenous archaeologist. He made the major discoveries of the prehistoric Paracas culture and founded a national museum of archeology. The Julio C Tello Museum on the Paracas Peninsula is named in his honour. After the reserve was established in 1975, the museum was built to house artifacts and

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interpret the archeology and culture of the Paracas, as well as the rich natural life of the marine reserve. JOS SILVERIO OLAYA BALANDRA (1789 June 29, 1823) He was a Peruvian cultural figure and fighter for the independence. He is remembered for the enunciation of his clear political position towards independence with his declaration "If I have a thousands lives, I would give them very glad before reject my country..." In the fight for the independence of Peru, Olaya participated as a secret emissary, taking messages between the government (Callao) and the patriotic ones (Lima). Because he was well known for his ability to swimm long distances; he was recruited by the He was caught, torture and sentenced to death; in spite of the tortures, he never revealed his JOS MARA ARGUEDAS ALTAMIRANO (18 January 1911 28 November 1969) He was a Peruvian novelist, poet, and

anthropologist. Arguedas was a mestizo of Spanish and Quechua descent who wrote novels, short stories, and poems in both Spanish and Quechua . Generally remembered as one of the most notable figures of 20th century Peruvian literature, Arguedas is especially recognized for his intimate portrayals of indigenous Andean culture. Key in his desire to depict indigenous expression and perspective more authentically was his

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creation of a new language that blended Spanish and Quechua and premiered in his debut novel Yawar Fiesta DANIEL ALCIDES CARRIN (August 12, 1857 October 5, 1885) He was a Peruvian medical student after whom Carrion's disease is named. He described the disease in the course of what proved to be a fatal experiment upon himself in 1885, in order to demonstrate definitively the cause of the illness. He was inoculated by close friends with blood from a wart between the eyes of a 14year-old patient. His aim was to prove a link between the acute blood stage of Oroya fever with that of the later chronic form of the disease

Verruga Peruana typified by numerous red wartlike dermal nodules. Neither the cause nor mode of transmission of Oroya fever was then known and, furthermore, the relationship between the acute and chronic forms of the disease was not proven. CARLOS NORIEGA (October 08, 1959) Astronaut. Born on October 8, 1959, in Lima, Peru. Noriega grew up in Santa Clara, California. While in college, he was a member of the U.S. Navy's Reserve Officers' Training Corps. After graduation, Noriega received a commission with the U.S. Marine Corps and went to flight school. He had several

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different assignments, including flying helicopters at the Marine Corps Air Station in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. In 1990, Noriega earned two master's degrees?one in computer science, the other in space systems operations?from the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. He then went to work at the United States Space Command in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He was selected for Astronaut Corps by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1994. About a year after completing all of the necessary training, he went on his first space shuttle mission in 1997. As a member of the crew of the Space Shuttle Atlantis, he conducted experiments and visited the Russian space station Mir space. His second mission was in 2000, which was dedicated to building the International Space Station. Retired from the Astronaut Corps in 2005, Noriega continues to work at NASA as the manager of advanced projects office in the constellation program at Johnson Space Center. He is married and has five children. MARIANO MELGAR (August 10, 1790 Maech 12, 1816) Mariano Melgar was born in Arequipa on August 10, 1790, to Don Juan de Dios Melgar and Doa Andrea de Valdivieso, members of distinguished families of the time. At a young age he demonstrated a gift for writing poetry and in his later years he was said to have fallen in love with Mara Santos Corrales, whom he romantically mentioned as Silvia in his poetry writings. The girl was said to be nine years his junior and her parents opposed their relationship. In 1814, the revolution of Mateo Pumacahua took place in Cusco, which upset the apparent tranquillity

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of the Spanish viceroyalty of Peru and prompted Melgar to join the independence because and march to combat. After winning the combat of Apacheta in Arequipa, the army marched towards Puno and fought the Battle of Umachiri, in which Melgar fought bravely directing the revolutionary army's artillery. The patriots were defeated and made prisoners, including the young Melgar. The Spanish General Ramirez, after holding Melgar captive for some time, ordered his officers to place him before a firing squad. Melgar died in the morning of March 12, 1815, just before turning 25. JUAN PABLO VIZCARDO AND GUZMAN (Pampacolca, 1748 London 1798) J esuit priest and intellectual. He entered the Jesuit order in 1763. Left Peru in 1767 when exiled with his order. He went into exile in Italy, from where he tried to support the separatist cause American. Established relationships with the British to support the cause of independence, without success. In 1792 he wrote the letter to the Spanish Americans to mark three centuries of the discovery of America, where he called criollos to gain independence from the metropolis.

FERNANDO BELANDE TERRY (October 7, 1912 June 4, 2002) The second of four children, Belande was born in Lima into an upper-class family of Spanish forebears. His father, Rafael Belande Diez Canseco, a teacher, served as President of the Council of Ministers; his grandfather was a finance minister;

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and one of his great-grandfathers was a President of the Republic. During the dictatorship of Augusto B. Legua, the persecution for the political activities of his father Rafael and his uncle Vctor Andrs Belande prompted the family to move to France in 1924, where Fernando attended high school and received his initial University education in engineering. Belande's political career began in 1944 as cofounder of the National Democratic Front party which elected Jos Bustamante as President in 1945; he served in the Peruvian Congress until a coup by General Manuel Odra in 1948 interrupted democratic elections. Belande would return to the political arena in 1956, when the outgoing Odra dictatorship called for elections and he led the slate submitted by the "National Front of Democratic Youth", an organization formed by reform-minded university students, some of which had studied under him; his principled support for the "La Prensa" newspaper, which had been closed down by the dictatorship in early 1956, had prompted the leadership of the National Front to approach him as to lead its slate. GISELLA VARCALCEL (January 26, 1963) Valcarcel was born on 26 January 1963, to her parents Jorge Valcrcel and Teresa Alvarez. She studied at Teresa Gonzales de Fanning. At age 17 she became pregnant by her boyfriend, resulting in her daughter Ethel. She started as a secretary at a car company and was hired as an extra for shows the theatre, before the television. In 1993 she founded the Gisela magazine.

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On 10 June 1995 she married Roberto Martnez Vera-Tudela, a popular soccer player. The wedding grabbed headlines in the national press and was broadcast live on television. After some years, the couple divorced. He was involved in a political scandal to look a Vladi-video of her with Jose Francisco Crousillat Carreno and Vladimiro Montesinos, where they talked about 1 hour. The footage shows how the latter informs him Gisela measures to be taken to prevent the spread of a book (La Seito by Carlos Vidal), where they reveal intimate aspects of life of the hostess. This was denounced by offense against public administration, but not filed suit since the judge dismissed the complaint, being acquitted of the charges. In the meantime, she also entered a phase of spiritual search that took her to India, meeting some religious leaders, including Sathya Sai Baba and in the U.S. Deepak Chopra. This changed her perspective, bringing a stage of peace to her life. In 2006 after six years of romance, she married Javier Carmona. The couple separated shortly after the marriage due to an affair between Carmona with another Peruvian entertainer Tula Rodriguez, who has been cited as the main reason of the breakup.