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Client-Server Architecture in Python

The document discusses client-server architecture, highlighting the roles of clients and servers, communication protocols, and state management methods such as session-based and JWT authentication. It covers REST APIs, Python tools for building APIs, common design patterns, security essentials, and provides a real-life project example. Best practices emphasize using JWT for scalability, securing endpoints, and documenting APIs.

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fajaki4601
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15 views3 pages

Client-Server Architecture in Python

The document discusses client-server architecture, highlighting the roles of clients and servers, communication protocols, and state management methods such as session-based and JWT authentication. It covers REST APIs, Python tools for building APIs, common design patterns, security essentials, and provides a real-life project example. Best practices emphasize using JWT for scalability, securing endpoints, and documenting APIs.

Uploaded by

fajaki4601
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Client-Server Architecture and Related Concepts in Python

1. Introduction to Client-Server Architecture

Client-server architecture is a network structure where clients request resources or services, and servers

provide them. Clients are typically web browsers or mobile apps, while servers host data and logic, often via

REST APIs.

The architecture is foundational to modern web applications and allows distributed development, scalability,

and maintenance.

2. Core Components

- Clients: Interface users interact with

- Servers: Respond to requests with data or services

- Communication Protocols: HTTP/HTTPS over TCP/IP

- Port Usage: HTTP (80), HTTPS (443), custom ports for APIs

3. State Management: Session-Based vs JWT Authentication

Session-Based:

- Server stores user session in memory or database.

- Session ID stored in client-side cookie.

- Used in Flask via `session` or Flask-Login.

JWT (JSON Web Tokens):

- Stateless; token contains encoded user info.

- Stored on client side (localStorage/cookie).

- Sent via Authorization header.

- Used with `PyJWT` in Flask APIs.

Comparison:

- Session is better for tightly controlled apps.

- JWT is better for scalability and mobile access.


Client-Server Architecture and Related Concepts in Python

4. REST APIs (Representational State Transfer)

REST APIs are based on stateless HTTP operations.

- GET: Retrieve data

- POST: Create data

- PUT: Update data

- DELETE: Remove data

Design:

- Use nouns in URLs (/users/1), not verbs

- Use status codes (200 OK, 404 Not Found, 401 Unauthorized)

Python:

Flask supports RESTful APIs using decorators like `@[Link]('/users', methods=['GET'])`.

5. Python Tools & Libraries

- Flask: Micro web framework for APIs

- FastAPI: Async, type-annotated APIs

- Requests: For making HTTP requests

- Flask-Login: Manages sessions

- PyJWT: Encodes/decodes JWTs

- Postman/Curl: API testing tools

6. Common Design Patterns

- MVC (Model-View-Controller)

- Blueprints in Flask for modular APIs

- Service layers for logic abstraction

7. Security Essentials

- HTTPS encryption

- CORS: Controls which domains can access the API


Client-Server Architecture and Related Concepts in Python

- CSRF tokens for session-based auth

- Token expiration and refresh

- Authorization vs Authentication

8. Real-Life Project Example

Flask API with /login and /profile routes.

- Uses sessions for one login method

- Uses JWT for another

- Includes token expiration, verification, and route protection.

9. Challenges & Pitfalls

- Sessions can be hijacked if not secured

- JWTs must be stored securely

- CORS errors are common when frontend/backend differ

- Misunderstanding stateful vs stateless behavior

10. Conclusion and Best Practices

- Use JWT for distributed, scalable apps

- Use session for simple web apps

- Always use HTTPS

- Document APIs with Swagger/OpenAPI

- Secure endpoints with proper role-based access control

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