TC & BSC Overview

BASIC CONCEPTS

BASIC CONCEPTS

Signaling used in BSS

The signaling channel protocols used in the BSS are:
Common Channel Signalling no. 7, between the MSC and the BSC Link Access Protocol on D-channnel, LapD, between the BSC and the BTS. There are 2 types: - TRX Signalling -between the BSC and the transceiver, TRXSIG, used for telecom signalling which involves call set-up, power control, etc. - BCF Signalling -is used for downloading the BTS software from the BSC to the BTS and for configuration and monitoring LapDm, which is a modified version of LapD for use in the air interface between the BTS and the MS.

BASIC CONCEPTS

Common Channel Signalling System No. 7

Although CCS7 was designed before the introduction of the OSI Reference Model, and is meant for a telecoms environment rather than a computer system, CCS7 still has significant similarities to the OSI Model.
OSI Reference Model
7 Application layer 6 Presentation layer 5 Session Layer 4 Transport layer 3 Network layer 2 Data link layer 1 Physical layer

CCIT Common Channel Signalling No. 7

User Part (level 4)

MTP (levels 1-3)

BASIC CONCEPTS

Message Transfer Part (MTP)

CCIT Common Channel Signalling No. 7
User Part (level 4)

MTP (levels 1-3)

Layer 3 Signaling Network level defines where to route the call Layer 2 Signaling Link level defines the message structure, framing, error correction/detection, to provide reliable transfer of signaling mssgs Layer 1 Signaling Data Link defines the medium. The 64 kbps tsl is defined as the MTP medium.

BASIC CONCEPTS
TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH CCS7 TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH

64 kbps

Mobile Switching Center A Interface

TCSM

Base Station Controller A-bis Interface

Base Transceiver Station

Mobile Station

Ater Interface

Air Interface

Interface Diagram

BASIC CONCEPTS

A Interface
The traffic channels bit rate in the A interface is 64 kbps and they are located in the timeslots 1-15 and 17-31. TSL 16 is used for the CCS7 signaling and its bit rate is 64 kbps also. 1 E1 = 2.048 Mbps = 32 timeslots 1 tsl = 2.048 Mbps/ 32 tsl = 64 kbps

TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH CCS7 TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH

BASIC CONCEPTS
TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH CCS7 TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH TCH

64 kbps

16 kbps

Mobile Switching Center A Interface

TCSM

Base Station Controller A-bis Interface

Base Transceiver Station

Mobile Station

Ater Interface

Air Interface

Interface Diagram

BASIC CONCEPTS

Ater Interface
The traffic channels bit rate in the Ater interface is 16 kbps and they are located in the timeslots 1-15 and 17-31. TSL 16 is used for the CCS7 signalling and its bit rate is 16 kbps also. By the use of SUBMULTIPLEXING on the A interface, other bits are occupied

TS 0 1

3 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29

5 2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30 2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30

7 3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31 3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31 3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31

16

CCS7 is not transcoded, only traffic channels

24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

LAPD 4 8 12 20 24 28 4 8 12 20 24 28 4 8 12 20 24 28

PCM1 = 1 E1 = 30 tch

PCM2 = 1 E1 = 30 tch

PCM3 = 1 E1 = 30 tch

CCS7 CCS7 CCS7

TRANSCODER SUBMULTIPLEXER (TCSM)

TCSM

Nokia DX200 TCSM2E

Considered as part of the BSS Normally at the MSC site Used for converting the bit rate of traffic channels between 64 and 16 kbps Speech activity detection Interfaces to the MSC / BSC

TCSM

TCSM2E Block Diagram

TCSM

TCSM2E and Interfaces

1 E1= 2 Mbps

TCSM

Question ?
What is the reason why the Trancoder is co-located at the MSC?

Answer
To save on transmission facility.

TCSM
TC1C Cartridge

TCSM RACK

ET2E Cartridge

Composed of : -TRCO Transcoder Controller -acts as the BRAIN - master unit - supervision of other unit - synchronization - opn & maintenance - TR16 contains the DSP - used for speech coding & transcoding functions

Composed of : -ET2E Exchange Terminal -external 2 Mb interface

TCSM
TC1C Cartridge

TCSM RACK

ET2E Cartridge

Composed of : -TRCO Transcoder Controller - 1 card/ cartridge - TR16 14 cards / cartridge (half rate) or 8 cards/ cartridge (full rate) - 1 TR16 = 16 TCH - 1 PCM link = 30 tch = 2 TR16 - 7 PCM links for half rate - 4 PCM links for full rate

Composed of : -ET2E Exchange Terminal - 8 cards/cartridge --1 ET card = 2 E1

TCSM

TCSM2E Unit

TCSM TC1C Cartridge

TCSM ET2E Cartridge A to MSC 1 A = 1 E1 Ater

to BSC

Half rate to MSC, not being used

TCSM

Maximum Capacity of TCSM Rack

4 ET1TC = 4 * 8 (ET2E) = 32 ET2E * 2 = 64 E1

TCSM

TCSM2E Rack Equipping

DX200 Platform
8 Cartridges TC1C 4 Cartridges ET1TC

Unit Capacity
max 120 Full Rate TCH in 1 module max 240 Half Rate TCH in 1 module

Rack Capacity
max 960 Full Rate TCH max 1920 Half Rate TCH

BASE STATION CONTROLLER (BSC)

BASE STATION CONTROLLER

BSC Functions:
Configuration and management of the radio resources Handover Management Frequency Hopping Management Signaling between the MSC-BSC and BSC-BTS Terrestrial Channel Management Interfaces Encryption Management Operation and Maintenance

BSC Functions in GPRS:

Manage GPRS specific radio network configuration Control access to GPRS radio resources Share radio resources between GPRS and circuit switched use Handle signaling between the MS, BTS and SGSN Transfer GPRS data

BASE STATION CONTROLLER

Block Diagram of the BSC

The BSC applications are based on a modular software (SW) and hardware (HW) structure. The distributed architecture of the BSC is implemented by a multi-processor system. In a multiprocessor system, the data processing capacity is divided among several computer units (that is, functional units, FU), each of which has its own microcomputer

BASE STATION CONTROLLER

BSC Functional Units

Group Switch (GSWB) - used for switching speech and data, an optional Packet Control Unit (PCU) handles packet control functions in the BSC and is incl in every BCSU when GPRS service is impleMented(3i) Marker and Cellular Management Unit (MCMU) -controls & supervises GSWB, also used for HO Operation and Maintenance Unit (OMU) -serves as an interface between the user & BSC Clock and Synchronization Unit (CLS), - generates the clock signals for the BSC Base Station Controller Signalling Unit (BCSU) - handles the BSC signalling functions, bsc to msc, CCS7, bsc to bts, LapD Exchange Terminals (ET) -connect transmission systems to the GSWB Message Bus (MB) -interconnects the call control computers and the OMU

BASE STATION CONTROLLER

BSC2i rack
The standard configuration of DX 200 BSC2i applications is a two-rack configuration consisting of one Base Station Controller Basic Equipment rack (BCBE) and one Base Station Controller Extension Equipment rack (BCEE), used for additional capacity of BCSU.

BASE STATION CONTROLLER

BSC3i rack

GSW B
F0: F1: F2: SW64B F3: SW64B F4: SW64B F5: SW64B F6: PSC1-S F2-F5:SWBUS4

BSC 3i
GSWB0 GSWB1 CLOC BCSU6

CLOC
F0: F3: CL3TG CL3TG M CMU0 MCM U1 OMU

MCMU
F1: F2: F3: F4: F5: F6: F7: F7: PSC1-S ESB20 ESB20 SWCOP-A M BIF-B MBIF-B CP710-A M R256M BCSU0

FTRB 0 BCSU1

FTRB 1 BCSU2

OMU
F1: F2: F3: F4: F5: F6: F7: F8: F9: F10: F10: F12: F12: F13: F13: PSC6-A AS7-B AS7-B/ AC25-A

SERO-A HWAT-A MBIF-B MBIF-B CP710-A M R256M ODPU-A MO91 HDPU-A WDW18-S/ WDW36 F14: HDPU-A F14: WDW18-S/ WDW36

BCSU3

BCSU4

BCSU5

FTRB 0 ET 4C 0

FTRB 1 ET 4C 1

BCSU
F1: F2: F3: F4: F5: F6: F7: F8: F9: F10: F10: PSC6-A AS7-B AS7-B AS7-B PCU MBIF-B MBIF-B CP710-A M R256M

BASE STATION CONTROLLER

BSC Functional Units Diagram

BASE STATION CONTROLLER BSC Cartridge Base Station Controller Signaling Unit
BCSU - Provides CCS7/LAPD signaling management. PIUs: MBIF (Message Bus Interface) a bidirectional interface between computer units AS7 performs the functions associated with the control, supervision and message transmission of CCS7 and LapD PCU (Packet Control Unit) performs all data processing tasks that are related to the GPRS traffic. It implements Gb interfaces in the BSC. PSC (Power Supply for Cartridge) supplies and regulates the voltage needed by the units. CPU (Central Processing Unit) for call control and supervision of the trunk circuit traffic. Redundancy: N+1

BASE STATION CONTROLLER BSC Cartridge Group Switch

GSW - Connects and releases the connections Redundancy: 2N

BASE STATION CONTROLLER BSC Cartridge Marker and Cellular Management Unit
MCMU management of the radio network, controls the GSW and Central Memory function. PIUs: MBIF (Message Bus Interface) a bidirectional interface between computer units SWCOP controls the GSW via control bus PSC (Power Supply for Cartridge) supplies and regulates the voltage needed by the units. CPU (Central Processing Unit) controls the radio network by ending and receiving signaling data from the BCSU via MB. Also controls the SWCOP. Redundancy: 2N

BASE STATION CONTROLLER BSC Cartridge Operation and Maintenance Unit

OMU controls the operations of the BSC, monitors the operation of BTS and TC, provides interface to the OMC. PIUs: SERO serial interface used to connect peripheral equipment (video terminal, printer, modem) AS7 handles the Q1 link for transcoder and X.25 link MBIF (Message Bus Interface) a bidirectional interface between computer units HWAT (Hardware Alarm Terminal) conveys the hardware alarms to the OMU. Receives the internal alarms of the BSC and provides the interfaces for the external alarms PSC (Power Supply for Cartridge) supplies and regulates the voltage needed by the units. CPU (Central Processing Unit) controls and supervises the interfaces of the OMU and performs the required automatic recovery functions on the basis of the collected fault data.

BASE STATION CONTROLLER BSC Cartridge Exchange Terminal

ET provides 2Mbps interfaces and clock signal to CLS. No redundancy.

BASE STATION CONTROLLER BSC Cartridge

Clock and Synchronization Unit

CLS distributes timing reference signals to the functional units of the BSC. Redundancy: 2N

CLS_BSC2i

BASE STATION CONTROLLER

Comparison between BSC2i & BSC3i Comparison between BSC2i & BSC3i
BSC Configuration (S10.5)
No. of BCSU Maximum radio network Configuration Maximum number of TCHs Maximum number of BHCA Maximum Erlang Capacity Max. TRX LAPD links pr BCSU Number of racks in maximum configuration CPU Type External PCMs Max power consumption per TRX Weight

BSC2i
8+1 512 TRX 512 91,000 3040 64 2 500 MHz up to 144 2.9 W 400 kg

BSC3i
6+1 660 TRX 880 117,000 3920 110 1 800 MHz 124 2.7 W 350 kg

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