Semantic Web

Course Introduction Vagan Terziyan

Department of Mathematical Information Technology, University of Jyvaskyla

vagan@it.jyu.fi ; terziyan@yahoo.com http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan +358 14 260-4618 ITIN, France, February 2006

Contents
Course introduction Practical information Lectures Course exercise

Course Introduction: Semantic Web - new Possibilities for Intelligent Web Applications

Motivation for Semantic Web

Before Semantic Web

Semantic Web Structure

Semantic Annotations

Ontologies

Logical Support

Semantic Web
Languages Tools Applications / Services

WWW and Beyond

Creators Web content

Users

WWW and Beyond

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Creators Web content

Users

4
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Semantic Web Content: New Users

Semantic Web and Beyond
Creators Semantic Web content Users

applications agents

Semantic Annotations

Ontologies

Logical Support

Semantic Web
Languages Tools Applications / Services

WWW and Beyond

Creators Web content

Users

Semantic Web: Resource Integration

Semantic annotation Shared ontology

Web resources / services / DBs / etc.

Semantic Web: which resources to annotate ?

Industrial and business processes Web resources / services / DBs / etc. External world resources

Web users
(profiles, preferences)

Shared ontology

Multimedia resources

Web access devices

Web agents / applications Smart machines and devices

Word-Wide Correlated Activities

Semantic Web
Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation

Agentcities is a global, collaborative effort to construct an open network of on-line systems hosting diverse agent based services.

Agentcities Grid Computing

Wide-area distributed computing, or "grid technologies, provide the foundation to a number of large-scale efforts utilizing the global Internet to build distributed computing and communications infrastructures.

FIPA
FIPA is a non-profit organisation aimed at producing standards for the interoperation of heterogeneous software agents.

Web Services
WWW is more and more used for application to application communication. The programmatic interfaces made available are referred to as Web services. The goal of the Web Services Activity is to develop a set of technologies in order to bring Web services to their full potential

Semantic Technology
Semantic technology as a software technology allows the meaning of information to be known and processed at execution time. For a semantic technology there must be a knowledge model of some part of the world that is used by one or more applications at execution time.

Semantic Technology Market Forecasting

Semantic solution, services & software markets will grow rapidly, topping $60B by 2010.

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Excellent Job Opportunities:

Samples of Mail-List with Job Advertisements
OntoWeb (at least 2-3 job advertisements on Semantic Web and Web Services Technologies in Europe per week!)

ontoweb-list@lists.deri.org To register follow the link: http://lists.deri.org/mailman

Semantic Web (at least 2-3 job advertisements on Semantic Web and Web Services Technologies in Europe per week!)

seweb-list@lists.deri.org

To register follow the link:

http://lists.deri.org/mailman
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Course Description

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Practical Information
Lectures: 10 hours
Monday: 20 February, 9:00-10:15; 10:30-12:00; 13h30-15h15; Tuesday: 21 February, 9:00-10:15; 10:30-12:00.
Slides available online (links from Introductory Lecture)

Exercise: 6 hours
Monday: 20 February, 15:30-17:00 Tuesday: 21 February, 13:30-15:15; 15:30-17:00.
task will be announced during the lectures

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Lectures

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Semantic Web Lectures

Lectures Schedule
20/02/2006 (9:00 - 10:15) Lecture 1: Semantic Web Basics 20/02/2006 (10:30 - 12:00) Lecture 2: Semantic Web Applications 20/02/2006 (13:30 - 15:15) Lecture 3: Protege Tutorial (Designing Ontologies with Protege)

21/02/2006 (9:00 - 10:15) Lecture 4: Semantic Web Services Basics

21/02/2006 (10:30 - 12:00) Lecture 5: Industrial Smart Resources in Semantic Web

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Introduction

Semantic Web
Course Introduction Vagan Terziyan
Department of Mathematical Information Technology, University of Jyvaskyla vagan@it.jyu.fi ; terziyan@yahoo.com http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan +358 14 260-4618

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/SW_Introduction.ppt
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Lecture 1: Semantic Web Basics

Semantic Web the Key Concern of AI and W3C Communities

Based on tutorials and presentations: D. Fensel, P. Constantopoulos, J. Busch, A. Sheth, J. Chen-Burger, E. Motta, B. Matthews, S. Robinson, E. Kim, T. Berners-Lee, E. Prudhommeaus, L. Ding, J. Hendler, O. Lassila, V. C. Sekhar, C. Goble

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/OntoGroup/pres/SW_Tutorial_2004_Part_1.ppt

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/Semantic_Web.ppt 17

Lecture 2: Semantic Web Applications

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/OntoGroup/pres/SW_Tutorial_2004_Part_2.ppt

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Lecture 3: Tutorial: Designing Ontologies with Protg Protg is an ontology editor and a knowledgebase editor (download from http://protege.stanford.edu ). Protg is also an open-source, Java tool that provides an extensible architecture for the creation of customized knowledge-based applications. Protg's OWL Plug-in now provides support for editing Semantic Web ontologies.
http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~horrocks/Teaching/cs646/
http://www.co-ode.org/resources/tutorials/ProtegeOWLTutorial.pdf
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Lecture 4: Semantic Web Services Basics

Semantic Web Services Basis

The question we should answer today:

Why these are necessary ?

Semantic Web Services

Web Services Distributed Artificial Intelligence Semantic Web

Service Oriented Design

Semantic Technology

Software Technologies

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/Why_SWS.ppt
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Lecture 5: Industrial Smart Resources in Semantic Web

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/SmartResource_Summary.ppt 21

Additional Material for Self-Study

Just for case you do not know: Introduction to XML

Such Format, which Describes the Content of a Web Document Rather than the Way to Display it, is among the Basic Needs of the Intelligent Web Applications
Integration & Interoperability

Tools

Web Services

Introduction to XML
Based on tutorials of B. Cormia, D. Suciu, H. Boley, S. Decker, M. Sintek, E. R. Harold and others

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/XML.ppt
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Data (XML)

Markup Techniques
Universal Storage/Interchange Formats are among the Basic Requirements for the Interoperability in the Web
Namespaces DTDs
DAML Ontobroker HornML RuleML SHOE CSS XSLT

Stylesheets Agents Transformations

Rules

XML
RDF[S]
Protg

XQL

Queries

XQuery XML-QL

Frames TopicMaps

Acquisition

Markup Techniques
Based on Tutorials :
H. Boley, S. Decker, M. Sintek, E. R. Harold

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/Markup_Techniques.ppt
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RDF and RDF Schema

Description of Semantic Properties of the Web Resources and Semantic Relationships between them is Extremely Important for the Intelligent Web Applications
Johns homepage

To be a Director

To Love

To be a Secretary

Marys homepage

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/RDF.ppt
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Ontologies in Semantic Web

The More or Less Global Agreement about Standard Terminology and Conceptual Hierarchy for a Domain Description is Necessary for the Interoperability in the Intelligent Web

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/Ontologies_1.ppt

http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/Ontologies_2.ppt

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JENA
Jena is a Java framework for building Semantic Web applications. It provides a programmatic environment for RDF, RDFS and OWL, including a rule-based inference engine. Jena is open source and grown out of work with the HP Labs Semantic Web Program. The Jena Framework includes:

A RDF API Reading and writing RDF in RDF/XML, N3 and N-Triples An OWL API In-memory and persistent storage RDQL a query language for RDF

http://jena.sourceforge.net/tutorial/RDF_API/index.html

http://jena.sourceforge.net/

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Jena Integration of Protg-OWL

Jena is one of the most widely used Java APIs for RDF and OWL, providing services for model representation, parsing, database persistence, querying and some visualization tools. Protege-OWL always had a close relationship with Jena. The Jena ARP parser is still used in the Protege-OWL parser, and various other services such as species validation and datatype handling have been reused from Jena. It was furthermore possible to convert a Protege OWLModel into a Jena OntModel, to get a static snapshot of the model at run time. This model, however had to be rebuild after each change in the model. As of August 2005, Protege-OWL is now much closer integrated with Jena. This integration allows programmers to user certain Jena functions at run-time, without having to go through the slow rebuild process each time. The architecture of this integration is illustrated on the next slide http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/owl/api/guide.html
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Jena Integration of Protg-OWL

The key to this integration is the fact that both systems operate on a lowlevel "triple" representation of the model. Protege has its native frame store mechanism, which has been wrapped in Protege-OWL with the TripleStore classes. In the Jena world, the corresponding interfaces are called Graph and Model. The Protege TripleStore has been wrapped into a Jena Graph, so that any read access from the Jena API in fact operates on the Protege triples. In order to modify these triples, the conventional Protege-OWL API must be used. However, this mechanisms allows to use Jena methods for querying while the ontology is edited inside Protege.
The OWLModel API has a new method getJenaModel() to access a Jena view of the Protege model at 29 run-time. This can be used by Protege plugin developers. Many other Jena services can be wrapped into Protege plugins this way, by providing them a pointer to the Model created by Protege.

Joseki - a SPARQL Server for Jena

Joseki: The Jena RDF Server. Joseki is a server for publishing RDF models on the web. Models have URLs and they can be access by HTTP GET. Joseki is part of the Jena RDF framework. Joseki is an HTTP and SOAP engine supports the SPARQL Protocol and the SPARQL RDF Query language. SPARQL is developed by the W3C RDF Data Access Working Group. Joseki Features:

RDF Data from files and databases HTTP (GET and POST) implementation of the SPARQL protocol SOAP implementation of the SPARQL protocol

http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/joseki/joseki-3.0-beta-1.zip?download

http://www.joseki.org/

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Course Exercise

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Task for the Exercise (6 x 45 min)

Learn to use Protg (45 min) personal work; Create ontology for companies description based on Protg tool (work in 4 groups, 5 persons per group all from different companies) (45+45 min); semantically annotate your employer company based on ontology of your group personal work (45 min); Recreate groups so that each new group contains one representative from each previous group (i.e. it will be 5 groups, 4 persons per group), each group independently tries to integrate 4 original ontologies and appropriate semantic descriptions to one ontology in Protg, printing final files to the report (45+45 min).
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Lecture Notes and Textbook

Lecture Notes (available online)

Follow link: http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/courses

Main recommended textbook

Dave McComb, Semantics in Business Systems, Morgan Kaufmann, 2004.

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Additional Reading
Johan Hjelm, Creating the Semantic Web with RDF, John Wiley, 2001 John Davies, Dieter Fensel & Frank van Harmelen:, Towards the Semantic WEB Ontology Driven Knowledge Management, John Wiley, 2002 Dieter Fensel: Ontologies: A Silver Bullet for Knowledge Management and Electronic Commerce, Springer Verlag, 2001 Dieter Fensel, Wolfgang Wahlster, Henry Lieberman, James Hendler (Eds.): Spinning the Semantic Web: Bringing the World Wide Web to Its Full Potential, MIT Press, 2002 Michael C. Daconta, Leo J. Obrst, Kevin T. Smith: The Semantic Web: A Guide to the Future of XML, Web Services, and Knowledge Management, John Wiley, 2003 M. Klein and B. Omelayenko (eds.), Knowledge Transformation for the Semantic Web, Vol. 95, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, IOS Press, 2003
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Thomas B. Passin, "Explorer's Guide to the Semantic Web", ISBN 1932394206, June 2004
Jeff Pollock and Ralph Hodgson, "Adaptive Information: Improving Business Through Semantic Interoperability, Grid Computing, and Enterprise Integration, Wiley Computer Publishing, September 2004

Where to find out more: Web-Sites

OWL, OWL-S

http://www.w3.org/2004/01/sws-pressrelease http://www.w3.org/2004/01/sws-testimonial http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/ http://www.semwebcentral.org/ http://www.daml.org/services/ http://www.swsi.org/ http://www.wsmo.org

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Semantic Web

Semantic Web Services