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    Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

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    Navin Mehta
    Kohlberg grouped moral development into three levels with six stages. Level one includes stages of obedience to avoid punishment and satisfying one's own needs. Level two involves maintaining family/social expectations and conformity. Level three involves questioning social values and defining morality through rational principles and consensus. Higher stages consider more universal ethical perspectives.

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    Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

    Uploaded by

    Navin Mehta
    162 views8 pages
    Kohlberg grouped moral development into three levels with six stages. Level one includes stages of obedience to avoid punishment and satisfying one's own needs. Level two involves maintaining family/social expectations and conformity. Level three involves questioning social values and defining morality through rational principles and consensus. Higher stages consider more universal ethical perspectives.

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    Kohlberg’s theory of moral development

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    Kohlberg grouped moral development into three levels with six stages. Level one includes stages of obedience to avoid punishment and satisfying one's own needs. Level two involves maintaining family/social expectations and conformity. Level three involves questioning social values and defining morality through rational principles and consensus. Higher stages consider more universal ethical perspectives.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    162 views8 pages

    Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

    Uploaded by

    Navin Mehta
    Kohlberg grouped moral development into three levels with six stages. Level one includes stages of obedience to avoid punishment and satisfying one's own needs. Level two involves maintaining family/social expectations and conformity. Level three involves questioning social values and defining morality through rational principles and consensus. Higher stages consider more universal ethical perspectives.

    Copyright:

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    Kohlberg grouped stages of moral development into three levels, each containing two stages.

    LEVEL ONE: PRECONVENTIONAL STAGEs At these first two stages, the Childs able to respond to rule and social expectations and can apply the labels good , bad, right, wrong. Right wrong are interpreted in term of the pleasant or pain full consequences of action or in term of physical power of those who set the rule.

    a)

    b)

    Stage one: Punishment and obedience orientation- At this stage ,the physical consequences of act wholly determine the goodness or badness of an act. The childs reasons for doing the right thing are to avoid punishment or defer to the superior physical power of a authorities. Stage two: instrumental and relative orientation- At this stage, right action become those that can serves as instruments for satisfying the childs own needs or the needs of those for whom the child cares. The child is now aware that others have needs and desires similar to his or her own.

    a)

    LEVEL TWO: CONVENTIONAL STAGEMaintain the expectations of ones own family, peer group, or nation is now seen as valuable in its own right, regardless of the consequences. If one were to ask an adolescent at this level about why something is wrong or why it is right, adolescent would probably answer in term of what my family has taught me , what my friends think . Stage three : Interpersonal concordance orientation- good behavior at this early conventional stage is living to the expectations of those for whom one feel loyalty, affection and trust. Right action is conformity to what is generally expected in ones role as a good son, daughter, brother, friends and so on.

    Doing right is motivated by the need to be seen as a good performer in ones own eyes and in the eyes of others. b) Stage four: Law and order Orientation- Right and wrong at this moral mature conventional stage now come to be determine by loyalty of ones own larger nation or surrounding society. Laws are to be upheld except where they conflict with other fixed social duties. The person is now able to see other people as parts of large social system that defines individual roles and obligations , and he or she can separate the norms generated by this system from interpersonal relationship and motives.

    a)

    LEVEL THREE: POSTCONVENTIONAL STAGEAt this stages, the person no longer simply accepts the values and norms of the groups to which he or she belong. The person questions the law and values that society has adopted and redefine them in term of self-chosen moral principles that can be justified in rational terms. Stage five: Social contract OrientationAt this first post conventional stage, the person become aware that people hold a variety of conflicting personal views and opinions and emphasizes fair ways of reaching consensus by agreement, contract, and due to process.

    b) Stage six: Universal Ethical principles Orientations- At this stage, right action comes to be defined in terms of moral principles chosen because of their logical comprehensiveness , universality, and consistency. The persons reasons for doing what is right are based on a commitment to these moral principles, and the person sees them as the criteria for evaluating all other moral rules and arrangements, including democratic consensus.

    Kohlberg found that many people remain stuck at one of the early stages through out their lives. The person at the pre conventional level can see situations only from the persons own egocentric point of view. The person at conventional level can see situations only from the familiar view points of people in the persons own social group. The person at post conventional level has ability to look at situations from a perspective that tries to take into account everyone affected by decision.

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