Inclusive Tourism

Tourism

Tourism provides a wide range of economic opportunities, especially for developing and least developed countries:
Transport, communications, infrastructure, education, security, health, immigration, customs, accommodation, agriculture and creative industries

Inclusive Tourism

Aim? to foster linkages and interaction between the different actors in the tourism industry to form partnerships with private actors and stimulates the local economy to promote the integration of women and the active involvement of local communities to emphasise sustainability by taking environmental, social and economic factors into account
How? by integrating poor local communities in tourism value chains through active entrepreneurial participation by ensuring tourism products/services meet international requirements by providing market expertise, capacity building, policy advocacy, and formal market linkages by working with existing tourism destinations and supply sectors

The typical visitor journey

A simplified Tourism Value Chain (ex. Uganda)

Accommodation
Hotels/Lodges/camps /etc.

Food & Beverages

Restaurants, Markets, Wholesalers, retailers Producers, farmers

Souvenirs
Souvenir shops, markets, sellers Craftsmen, local producers

Transportation
Regional & Local Bus, taxi, car rental, etc.

Excursions
Guides, tour operators, travel agencies, etc.

United Nations Steering Committee on Tourism for Development Delivering as One for Tourism
The SCTD is an innovative approach to Delivering as One: Delivering as One for Tourism, as a sectoral approach. It is a transformational partnership. SCTD main objectives: 1. Support Developing countries needs for implementing tourism for development in an integrated approach, building on the strengths of each UN agency 2. Monitor progress of development through DTIS (Diagnostic of Trade Integration Study), as well as through new econometric models 3. Mobilize necessary financial resources through existing funding mechanisms (such as EIF), and work towards the creation of a Multi Donors Trust Fund for Tourism (for LDCs, and countries -ODA eligible). 4. Mainstream tourism in the global development agenda, as an instrument for development, poverty reduction and a green growth.

SCTD Tourism Services Portfolio Tourism for Development Integrated Tourism Development
The SCTD provides specialized tourism assistance aimed to maximize tourisms capacity to support countries in reaching their development goals, while preserving their cultural and environmental assets. The Services Portfolio on Tourism for Development compiles the services available to LDCs and developing countries.
The Services Portfolio makes available over 50 types of services organized around four pillars:
Areas of intervention Implementing agencies UNWTO ITC UNDP UNEP ILO UNESCO UNIDO UNCTAD WTO

1 2 3 4

BBuilding good governance and sustainability in tourism Promoting investment in the tourism economy Fostering the poverty reduction impact of tourism Encouraging human resources development

3. Fostering the poverty reduction impact of tourism

Reducing poverty by developing value-chain linkages between the tourism industry and local producers of goods and services in LDCs
A. Rationale for working on business linkages for poverty reduction

-90% of DTIS linked to tourism state the creation of business linkages as key challenge. -Increasing interest by hotel chains, restaurants and tour operators to invest more in local sourcing. -Limited capacities and skills of entrepreneurs to meet quality requirements of hotels, restaurants and tour operators.
B. Objective of joint support - Maximise the tourism industrys positive impact on local producers and service providers & entrepreneurs (e.g. agro-food, creative industries, services). - LDCs able to take advantage of the complementary institutional and technical strengths of the different SCTD/UN Agencies (ITC, UNWTO, UNCTAD, UNDP and ILO).

3. Fostering the poverty reduction impact of tourism

Applying an integrated approach to developing sustainable & inclusive
business linkages A. In-depth feasibility assessment identifying products and services currently sourced from abroad by the tourism industry that could potentially be met by local supply. B. Facilitate stakeholder meetings to identify business opportunities for the tourism industry and how a demand-driven approach can link them with local producers. C. Enhance supply capacity, consistency and quality characteristics of local products and services to meet demand requirements of tourism industry and their customers. D. Cross-cutting: Strengthen support services by trade and tourism support entities and affected communities through the development of institutional capacities.

ITC Inclusive Tourism Opportunity Study Guidelines

Aim: guideline to carry out a value chain based Inclusive Tourism needs assessment/project formulation
identification of "winner" tourism products and services with market potential Identification of small producers that produce or could produce the selected products and services
PHASE 1: DIAGNOSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION AND CONTEXT Step 1- Defining scope and target group(s) Step 2- Mapping the Value Chain and its Context Step 3- Mapping where the Poor Participate Step 4- Conduct fieldwork with Tourists, Enterprises and Support Institutions to gather data and perspectives Step 5- Tracking Revenue Flows, Pro-Poor Income and Barriers facing the poor (pro-poor income) PHASE 2: PROJECT OPPORTUNITIES, PRIORITIZATION AND FEASIBILITY Step 6- Identifying where in the Value Chain to seek change Step 7- Analysis of strategies Step 8- Developing a long list of intervention options Step 9- Developing the short list PHASE 3: DEVELOPMENT OF A WORKPLAN Step 10- Developing a project idea Step 11- Project programming FOLLOWED BY: Validation roundtable with stakeholder and government to refine and validate project proposal Submission of proposal to donors & Implementation

The target audience: International and national consultants Government

Assessment of Tourism Value Chain & Service providers

Accommodation
Hotels/Lodges/camp s/etc.

Food & Beverages

Restaurants, Markets, Wholesalers, retailers Producers, farmers,

Souvenirs

Transportation
Regional & Local Bus, taxi, car rental, etc.

Excursions
Guides, tour operators, travel agencies, etc.

Souvenir shops, markets, sellers Craftsmen, local producers

Pro-poor income mapping

Accommodation
Service Provider
Resort Hotel G.house Rest.

Food
Stalls Markets TO

Tours /Excursions
Guide Transp Private Farm

Handicraft
Shops Stalls

Owner

Company Private invest Foreign/local

Family/ Individ.

Family/ Individual

Comp.

Ind.

Comp. Family

Comp. Priv.in vest

Family/ Individu al Coop.

Family/ Individ

Family/ Individ

Company local

local

local

Foreign/local

Worker

Fairly poor WsP

Fairly poor/ Poor

Fairly poor / poor or rural poor

Fairly poor/ Poor or rural poor

WsP
Fruit & veg Vendor wholesalers distributors Markets Meat producer / vendor Fisherman Local transport Bread/noodle/rice supplier Food (dry) vendor WsP Coffee/tea grower

WsP / EM

WiM / EM

Direct supplier

Construction & equipment companies

Villages / tourist sites / transport companies/ Homes Sufficient or fairly poor

Wholesalers Producers Local transport

WiM EM

Sufficient/ Fairly poor/ Poor

Fairly poor/rural p.

Indirect supplier

Construction workers Furniture Makers Transport companies

Individual Farmers Farmers groups Thai /Vietnam/Laos

Raw silk producer, Cotton producer, Raw material intermediary

WiM/EM

Fairly poor/poor

WsP: woman a significant proportion WiM: Women in majority EM: Ethnic minority

Implementation ITC Inclusive Tourism Training Modules

Module on Artistic and Cultural Performance:

LINKING ARTISTS TO TOURISM MARKETS

Module on Tourist Hospitality Management: BUILDING LOCAL CAPACITY FOR THE TOURISM JOB MARKET

Module on Agriculture: LINKING AGRICULTURAL SECTOR TO TOURISM MARKETS

Core Training Module: LINKING BUSINESS SECTORS TO TOURISM MARKETS

Module on Handicraft Products:

LINKING THE HANDICRAFT SECTOR TO TOURISM MARKETS

Module on Environmental Management:

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE

Linking agriculture to tourism markets

The Module on Agriculture illustrates possible interventions and partnerships between agro products and the tourism industry. Aim: To provide farmers and fishermen with the tools they need to assess the tourism market, and buyers with the skills to develop sustainable partnerships with local producers. The target audience: Representatives of farmer community institutions Potential and existing private sector partners Government representatives involved in the tourism sector or other related industries Local support organizations (NGOs)

Linking environmental management and climate change to tourism markets

The Environment Management and climate change module shows how to manage tourism developments optimally in terms of the environment. Aim: To encourage governments, businesses, communities and people to act locally while thinking globally. Information on efficient and effective energy use, reduction in wastes, recycling and re-use and guidelines on environmental management for eco-hospitality. The target audience: Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) Producer groups, governmental bodies Community institutions & NGOs Tourism industry (Tour operators, Hotels, Restaurants)

Linking artists to tourism markets

The artistic-cultural training module shows ways to develop local artistic and cultural services and marketing these through the tourism value chain. Aim: to develop and market local artistic and cultural services. The target audience: Public sector offices Private sector associations NGOs supporting the artistic sector Artists associations/organizations Private tourism sector (Hotels, Tour operator) Individual artists

Linking handicraft to tourism markets

The Module on Handicraft products indicates ways for artisans on how to adapt their products to international requirements (quality, trends, design) and link their products to tourist markets. Aim: to increase the artisans income and to provide facilitators with the know-how to develop sustainable business linkages between handicraft producers and the tourism markets. The target audience: Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) Producer groups and associations Governmental bodies NGOs supporting the craft sector

Linking hospitality to tourism markets

The Hospitality Management manual describes how the hospitality and catering industry operates optimally to fulfil guest expectations and needs.
Aim: To establish an appealing and suitable teaching method for tourist establishments in developing countries focus on typical gaps and barriers. The target audience: Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) Community institutions and NGOs Tourism industry (Hotels, Restaurants)

Impact Measurement Tool

Tailor-made for the following sectors:
Agro-food products Creative Industries Inclusive Tourism

Survey A. Social indicators B. Economic indicators C. Community development D. Project-specific information (agriculture, textile or tourism sector)

Undertaken at 3 stages of the project:

start, prior to project implementation (baseline) half-way to be able to take corrective actions

completion of project in order to assess final impact

Face to face interviews with beneficiary households

Indicators
Social indicators:
- Housing situation - Literacy and education

Community development:
indicators:
- Nutrition - Access to facilities (education, infrastructure, health services) -Membership of co-operatives

Economic indicators:
- Annual income - Ownership of assets/livestock

Product-specific information:
- Materials used and availability - Environmental impact

Examples of applying the IMT Results of inclusive tourism project in Brazil

Social indicators: Education level family members

Results: Decrease in illiteracy

Education level - family members

50%
% of total beneficiaries

47% 37%

40% 30% 20%

22% 10% 11% 12% 10% 5%

10% 0% Illiterate

5%

8%

5% 7%

5% 5%

4% 5%

2% 2%

Basic High Pre-school High Basic Literate University University education school school not education completed not not completed completed completed completed completed 2005 2007

Results: Applying the IMT

Economic indicators: Family income level Results: Increase of households income

Family income level

50%
% of total households

40% 32% 30% 22% 20% 10% 7% 6% 27%

39%

14% 11%
4% 6% 3% 5% 4% 2% 1% 1%

10% 6%

0% Up to 1/2 1/2 - 1 MS MS 1 - 2 MS 2 - 3 MS 3 - 5 MS 5 - 10 MS More than No income Doesn't 10 MS know/No answer

2005

2007

MS : minimum salary

Results: Applying the IMT

Tourism indicators: The populations perception on tourist developments principal positive impact Results: The large majority (73.3%) considers the generation of employment, work and income as the most important impact
Populations perception regarding tourist developments principal positive impact
Doesn't know/No answer 15% Other 4% Courses & Training 2% Progress & Development 5%

Creation of employment, work and income 74%

ITC project development & implementation

LATIN AMERICA Brazil Bolivia Colombia (PD) El Salvador Jamaica (PD) AFRICA Benin Gambia (PD) Mozambique Senegal (PD) Uganda (PD) MIDLE EAST Syria (PD) ASIA

India (PD)
Lao PDR Maldives (PD) Philippines (PD) Samoa (PD) Tonga (PD) Vietnam

PD: Opportunity Study & Project Development

Lessons learnt
Scaling up: shift from Community-based Tourism to Inclusive Tourism Economic sustainability: Focus on income generating backward linkages Create corporate linkages on local and international level to achieve win-sin situation (Cruise ship companies, Hotel chains, etc.) Tap on existing tourism destinations Work only with commercially viable and already existing sectors Coordinated assistance by involving several UN agencies (SCTD) Use enhanced tourism supply capacity as spring board for exports

Issues open for discussion

Government support weak tourism institutions Informality of tourism sector suppliers Donor funding cycle of 2-3 years - exit strategy External shocks Skills development - weak hospitality training facilities Women and youth involvement