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    Evaluation

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    Shilu Mathai Pappachan
    Formative and summative evaluation are the two main types of evaluation. Formative evaluation is ongoing assessment conducted during instruction to provide feedback to improve student learning and teaching, while summative evaluation is assessment of learning conducted at the end of a course to assign grades and certify student mastery of the material. The key purposes of formative evaluation are to guide ongoing instruction and help students improve, whereas summative evaluation determines the effectiveness of teaching and whether learning objectives were achieved.

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    Evaluation

    Uploaded by

    Shilu Mathai Pappachan
    559 views47 pages
    Formative and summative evaluation are the two main types of evaluation. Formative evaluation is ongoing assessment conducted during instruction to provide feedback to improve student learning and teaching, while summative evaluation is assessment of learning conducted at the end of a course to assign grades and certify student mastery of the material. The key purposes of formative evaluation are to guide ongoing instruction and help students improve, whereas summative evaluation determines the effectiveness of teaching and whether learning objectives were achieved.

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    Formative and summative evaluation are the two main types of evaluation. Formative evaluation is ongoing assessment conducted during instruction to provide feedback to improve student learning and teaching, while summative evaluation is assessment of learning conducted at the end of a course to assign grades and certify student mastery of the material. The key purposes of formative evaluation are to guide ongoing instruction and help students improve, whereas summative evaluation determines the effectiveness of teaching and whether learning objectives were achieved.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    559 views47 pages

    Evaluation

    Uploaded by

    Shilu Mathai Pappachan
    Formative and summative evaluation are the two main types of evaluation. Formative evaluation is ongoing assessment conducted during instruction to provide feedback to improve student learning and teaching, while summative evaluation is assessment of learning conducted at the end of a course to assign grades and certify student mastery of the material. The key purposes of formative evaluation are to guide ongoing instruction and help students improve, whereas summative evaluation determines the effectiveness of teaching and whether learning objectives were achieved.

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    of 47

    FORMATIVE AND SUMMATIVE EVALUATION

    Submitted by: SHILU MATHAI

    Evaluation in education is the process of judging the effectiveness of educational experience through careful appraisal. It involves a continuous process of collecting, recording, assembling and interpreting information

    Introduction

    Modern versus older forms of evaluation


    Modern evaluation Older evaluation measure a Emphasis on subject comprehensive range matter achievement of objectives only

    Modern versus older forms of evaluation


    Modern evaluation employs a variety of techniques, methods and procedures of appraisal Older evaluation Employs only one or two methods and procedures of appraisal

    WHY EVALUATION?
    Sound educational decision making. Parents are eager to know the results To ascertain the extent to which these goals have been realized. For an adequate teaching learning

    WHY EVALUATION?
    Clarifies the aims of education. Helps in the improvement of curriculum Attempts at relating the subject matter, classroom instruction and testing procedures to educational objectives.

    WHAT IS TO BE EVALUATED
    Characteristics of students Not only the content but also the achievement of the objectives and learning activities

    MEANING AND DEFINITION


    Evaluation is derived from the word valoir which means to be worth Ralph Tyler defines evaluation as the process of determining to what extent educational objectives are being realized

    DEFINITION
    Evaluation is any systematic, continuous process of determining : The extent to which specified educational objectives are attained. The effectiveness of the learning experiences provided How well the goals of education have been accomplished.

    NATURE OF EVALUATION
    The evaluation is a two part process : the identification of the objectives or goals the judgments of whether these goals are being achieved

    PURPOSES OF
    EVALUATION
    To appraise the status of and changes in students behavior Provision for guiding the growth of students Diagnose the individual students educational strengths and weakness

    PURPOSES OF
    EVALUATION
    Assess the students progress from time to time Provide basis for modification of curriculum Locate the areas where remedial measures are needed

    PURPOSES OF
    EVALUATION
    Motivate the students towards better attainment Test the efficiency of teachers Appraise the teacher and supervisor competence Serves as method of self improvement

    PRINCIPLES OF EVALUATION
    Determining and clarifying what is to

    be evaluated techniques should be selected according to the purposes Comprehensive evaluation requires a variety of evaluation techniques

    PRINCIPLES OF EVALUATION
    Proper use of evaluation techniques

    requires an awareness of both their limitations and strengths Evaluation is a means to an end, not an end in itself

    CHARACTERISTICS OF EVALUATION
    Evaluation is a continuous process includes academic and non academic a procedure for improving the

    products discovers the needs of an individual

    CHARACTERISTICS OF EVALUATION
    Evaluation in terms of purposes Correlation between the individual

    system and the system of evaluation Evaluation is a complex process

    Components of evaluation
    Specifying learning outcomes Collection of evidence about students growth Analysis and interpretation Diagnostic appraisal Redefining and readjusting objectives

    FUNCTIONS OF EVALUATION

    1. Functions associated with the instructional process


    Measurement function Diagnostic function Guidance and remediation Motivating functions

    Assessment of the final output Classification and placement Prognosis , prediction and selection

    Functions related to total education system


    Improvement of inputs and process of education Maximization of the output

    TYPES OF EVALUATION
    Based on the frequency of conducting
    a. formative evaluation b. summative evaluation

    TYPES OF EVALUATION
    Based on the nature of measurement
    a. Maximum performance evaluation b. Typical performance evaluation

    TYPES OF EVALUATION
    Based on the method of interpreting results
    a. criterion referenced evaluation b. norm referenced evaluation

    STEPS OF EVALUATION
    Identifying the purpose of evaluation Identifying a time frame Determining when to evaluate Selecting the evaluator Choosing an evaluation design the

    STEPS OF EVALUATION
    Selecting an evaluation instrument Collecting data Interpreting data Reporting the findings Using the findings Considering the costs of evaluation

    FORMATIVE EVALUATION
    Ongoing assessment of learners achievement while the term, course or instructional program is in progress.

    Formative evaluation is the assessment made during the instructional phase to let the teacher know about learners progress in learning and what more is to be done.

    Formative evaluation is conducted to monitor the instructional process, to determine whether learning is taking place as planned.RL Ebel and DA Frisbac 1986

    Purposes of formative evaluation


    Feedback to the students, not the assignment of a grade The gathering of data during the time of program guides the developmental process Continuous and immediate feedback

    Characteristics of formative evaluation


    focuses on molecular analysis of instructional material cause seeking its design is exploratory monitors teaching learning strategies

    Advantages of formative evaluation


    It helps in forming, modifying and improving the program before it is completed. It helps to find many things that can be changed It is helpful for the immediate decision making

    Advantages of formative evaluation


    It makes teaching more effective More emphasis is on the achievement rather than objectives. It also provides ample opportunities to learners to have mastery in content

    SUMMATIVE EVALUATION
    assigning a grade for learners achievement at the end of term, semester, course or instructional program

    Summative evaluation typically comes at the end of a course of instruction. It is designed to determine the extent to which the instructional objectives have been achieved and is used primarily to assign grade or certifying pupil mastery of intended outcome.- NE Gronlund 1985

    Summative evaluation is done at the conclusion of instruction and measures the extent to which students have attained the desired outcomes W Weersma and Gurs 1990

    Purposes of summative evaluation


    Obtain an overall picture of how they are doing. The effectiveness of teaching and instruction is evaluated. The purpose of assigning grades or certifying learners mastery of the intended learning outcomes.

    Elements of summative evaluation


    There should be some instructional program before summative evaluation The instructional program should be for attainment of some objectives It is done at the end or completion of program

    Elements of summative evaluation


    It should check whether there has been learning or not. It should provide the feedback to the classroom teacher

    Characteristics of summative evaluation


    Concerned with (a) broad range of issues (b) judgment about the merits of already completed program. It comes at the end of a course It is the terminal assessment of the learners performance

    Characteristics of summative evaluation


    It provides whether learning is sufficiently complete It measures the extent to which the learner has attained the outcomes. It is evidence that the program is satisfactory.

    Advantages of summative evaluation


    It provides reinforcement to teachers It helps in planning and organizing of further teaching It judges to what extent objectives are realized

    Formative versus summative evaluation


    Formative evaluation Summative evaluation conducted during the program The purpose is to monitor progress of the students There will be a very thorough sampling conducted after the program The purpose is to check final status of students There will be a more restricted sampling

    Formative versus summative evaluation


    Formative evaluation
    It uses the methods of daily assignments and observation organized for the benefit of internal audience

    Summative evaluation
    It uses the methods of achievement tests and projects organized for the benefit of external audience

    Formative versus summative evaluation


    Formative evaluation tested more frequently Scoring is based on criterion referenced approach reports scores on each task Summative evaluation tested less frequently Scoring is based on norm referenced approach reports in terms of total scores

    Evaluation helps students


    Communicating the teachers objectives Increasing motivation Encouraging good study habits Developing abilities and skills Summarizing and reporting students progress Feedback

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