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    Building Construction: Captain Larry Campbell

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    c2an
    This document discusses building construction types and their structural characteristics, hazards associated with different construction materials and methods, effects of fire on building materials, factors that increase fire risk and the potential for collapse, signs that indicate an imminent collapse, and safety procedures to follow if a collapse appears likely. The five main types of building construction covered are wood frame, ordinary, heavy timber, non-combustible, and fire resistant. Hazards of lightweight construction, wood trusses, combustible furnishings and large open spaces are also addressed.

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    Building Construction: Captain Larry Campbell

    Uploaded by

    c2an
    86 views35 pages
    This document discusses building construction types and their structural characteristics, hazards associated with different construction materials and methods, effects of fire on building materials, factors that increase fire risk and the potential for collapse, signs that indicate an imminent collapse, and safety procedures to follow if a collapse appears likely. The five main types of building construction covered are wood frame, ordinary, heavy timber, non-combustible, and fire resistant. Hazards of lightweight construction, wood trusses, combustible furnishings and large open spaces are also addressed.

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    This document discusses building construction types and their structural characteristics, hazards associated with different construction materials and methods, effects of fire on building materials, factors that increase fire risk and the potential for collapse, signs that indicate an imminent collapse, and safety procedures to follow if a collapse appears likely. The five main types of building construction covered are wood frame, ordinary, heavy timber, non-combustible, and fire resistant. Hazards of lightweight construction, wood trusses, combustible furnishings and large open spaces are also addressed.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    86 views35 pages

    Building Construction: Captain Larry Campbell

    Uploaded by

    c2an
    This document discusses building construction types and their structural characteristics, hazards associated with different construction materials and methods, effects of fire on building materials, factors that increase fire risk and the potential for collapse, signs that indicate an imminent collapse, and safety procedures to follow if a collapse appears likely. The five main types of building construction covered are wood frame, ordinary, heavy timber, non-combustible, and fire resistant. Hazards of lightweight construction, wood trusses, combustible furnishings and large open spaces are also addressed.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 35

    BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

    Captain Larry Campbell Red Shift

    OBJECTIVES

    2-21.1. Identify basic structural characteristics of following building construction


    2-21.1.1. Wood Frame 2-21.1.2. Ordinary 2-21.1.3. Heavy Timber 2-21.4.4 Non-Combustible 2-21.5.5. Fire Resistant

    OBJECTIVES

    2-21.2. Identify three hazards associated with wood truss and lightweight construction 2-21.3. Identify dangerous building conditions created by fire and suppression activities 2-21.4. Identify five indicators of building collapse

    OBJECTIVES

    2-21.5. Identify the effects of fire and fire suppression activities on the following building materials

    2-21.5.1.Wood 2-21.5.2 Masonry 2-21.5.3 Cast Iron 2-21.5.4. Steel 2-21.5.6 Reinforced Concrete 2-21.5.5 Gypsum wallboard 2-21.5.7 Glass 2-21.5.8 Plaster & Lath

    OBJECTIVES

    2-21.6. Identify the following terms as they relate to building construction


    2-21.6.1.Veneer wall 2-21.6.2. Party wall 2-21.6.3. Fire wall 2-21.6.4. Partition wall 2-21.6.5. Cantilever wall/unsupported wall 2-21.6.6. Load bearing

    WHY STUDY BUILDING CONSTRUCTION?

    To enable safe and effective fire attack planning To alert FF to potential construction hazards To alert FF to effects of fire and fire suppression activities on selected building materials

    STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND HAZARDS

    Type I Fire Resistive


    Structural members noncombustible or limited

    combustible Primary hazards-contents Ability to confine fire compromised by openings

    STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND HAZARDS

    Type II Noncombustible
    Similar to Type I only degree of fire resistance

    is less Some cases materials with no fire resistance is used Primary hazards-contents Heat build up during fire may cause structural supports to fail Roof materials may contribute to fire spread

    STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND HAZARDS

    Type III Ordinary


    Exterior walls and structural members

    noncombustible or limited combustible Interior structural members almost all wood Wood used has smaller dimensions than Type IV Primary fire hazard is fire and smoke spread through concealed spaces Hazards reduced by using fire-stops

    STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND HAZARDS

    Type IV Heavy Timber


    Exterior and interior walls and associated structural

    members noncombustible or limited combustible materials Interior structures made of solid or laminated wood with no concealed spaces Wood has large dimensions Primary fire hazard combustible contents of structural members

    STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND HAZARDS

    Type IV Continued
    Because of massive amount of combustible

    materials there will be serious heat given off and may pose exposure protection problems Usually found in very old mills, factories, and warehouse, and today in modern churches Carpentersville- 10 W. Main Street, 11 East Main Street, and Eckert Door/GoldenBag, Inc.

    STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND HAZARDS

    Type V Wood Frame


    All walls and structural members are wood Presents unlimited fire hazards, spread, collapse

    May present serious exposure problems


    Every new subdivision in Carpentersville,:

    GlenEagle, Kimball Farms, Aragon T/H, Willoughby Farms, and Keele Farms (examples)

    STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND HAZARDS

    Type V Continued
    Old Town Type V construction, however a

    lot of balloon construction. Balloon construction there are no fire stops. Fire in basement, better go straight up to attic and roof to check for extension. Modern construction is called platform construction, each floor is constructed on its own platform, thus acting as a fire-stop, reducing wall channels

    BUILDING CONTRUCTION TERMS

    2-21.6.

    BUILDING CONTRUCTION TERMS

    Veneer walls Party wall Fire wall Partition wall Cantilever/unsupported wall Load bearing wall Non load bearing wall

    BUILDING CONTRUCTION TERMS

    Veneer Wall- decorative walls usually attached to the outside of load-bearing frame construction Party Wall- load bearing wall that supports two adjacent structures Fire Wall- separates two structures or divides a structure into smaller portions to prevent spread of fire

    BUILDING CONTRUCTION TERMS

    Partition Wall- non-load bearing wall that divides two areas within a structure Cantilever/Unsupported Wallsfreestanding wall usually found in shopping centers or churches Load bearing Wall- walls which support structural weight Non-load bearing Wall- interior finished wall, used to separate two rooms in a house/office

    HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION AND TRUSS

    OBJECTIVE 2-21.2.

    HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION AND TRUSS

    Designed to support only their own weight If one fails, a domino effect happens and they all fail Rapid failure under fire conditions
    Usually 5 to 10 minutes

    Wood char
    Steel 1000 F NEVER TRUST THE TRUSS!

    HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH LIGHTWEIGHT CONSTRUCTION AND TRUSS

    Wooden floor truss are just as dangerous Truss can be lightweight wood or metal

    FF Hazards Related to Construction

    Heavy fire loading Combustible finishes and furnishings Wood shake shingles Wooden floors/ceilings and coverings Large open spaces Lightweight construction/truss Construction, renovations, demolition

    FF Hazards Related to Construction

    Heavy content loading


    Combustibles stored in high piles next to each

    other Usually found in commercial and storage facilities This may override sprinkler system and provide access problems Proper inspection and enforcement effective in these type of facilities

    FF Hazards Related to Construction

    Combustible furnishings/finishes
    Contribute to fire spread and smoke production

    Wood shake shingles


    Contribute to fire loading and spread Prolonged exposure to fire may result in

    structural collapse Wood shake shingles in subdivisions create the need for aggressive exposure protection

    FF Hazards Related to Construction

    Wooden floors and ceilings


    Contribute to fire loading Prolonged exposure may result in collapse

    Usually found in Type V construction and in

    residential areas

    Large open spaces


    Contributes to spread Warehouses, churches, large atriums, common

    attics, and theaters

    EFFECTS OF FIRE on BUILDING MATERIALS

    OBJECTIVE 2-21.5.

    EFFECTS OF FIRE on BUILDING MATERIALS

    WOOD
    Reaction depends on Size
    Smaller the size more likely to lose integrity

    Moisture content Application of water

    EFFECTS OF FIRE on BUILDING MATERIALS

    MASONRY
    Minimally affected by fire Mortar between masonry subject to

    deterioration and weakening from fire Rapid cooling may cause to spall Masonry needs to be inspected after fire

    EFFECTS OF FIRE on BUILDING MATERIALS

    CAST IRON
    Found in old buildings Bolts and other fastening devices may fail,

    permitting to large wall and floor collapses

    EFFECTS OF FIRE on BUILDING MATERIALS

    STEEL
    Members elongate under heat 50 foot beam may elongate up to 4 inches when

    heated to 1000 If ends are restrained it will buckle or fail somewhere in the middle Failure can be anticipated at 1000

    EFFECTS OF FIRE on BUILDING MATERIALS

    REINFORCED CONCRETE
    Loses strength and spalls Heat may cause bond between concrete and

    steel causing collapse

    EFFECTS OF FIRE on BUILDING MATERIALS

    GYPSUM (Drywall)
    Excellent heat-resistant & fire retardant

    properties Will brake down under fire conditions Members protected by gypsum could be exposed to high temps

    EFFECTS OF FIRE on BUILDING MATERIALS

    GLASS
    Glass does not contribute to fire load, but resins

    in fiberglass will Heated glass will crack when hit with a cool stream

    PLASTER & LATH


    Similar to gypsum Large sections may fail during FF ops and fall

    and strike FF

    FACTORS THAT INCREASE FIRE RISKS AND COLLAPSE

    Construction, Demolition, and Renovations


    Drywall not yet in place Exposed wood framing Lack of barriers- doors, windows, etc. Open stairwells More at risk for to Arson In buildings, suppression systems not working yet Blocked entrances/exits Construction materials and equipment in the way

    SIGNS OF COLLAPSE

    Cracks or separations in walls Evidence of existing building instability, i.e.-stars or tie rods Loose bricks, blocks, and stones Deteriorated mortar Walls that appear to be leaning Structural members that appear to be separating from walls Prolonged fire exposure Fires beneath heavy machines, compressors, roof top units, etc.

    IF COLLAPSE APPAERS IMMINENT

    Evacuate building Set up collapse zone around perimeter of building Allow NO Personnel or Apparatus to operate in zone If fire streams are needed to be continued, they must be unmanned master streams

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