Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
120 views

Presentation CHAPTER1

The basic standard, which use in physics is The International System of Units (or SI units) There are seven base quantities in the SI system. They are length, mass, time, electric current, thermodynamic temperature, amount of substance (mole), and luminous intensity.

Uploaded by

Gary-Dean Campbell
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
120 views

Presentation CHAPTER1

The basic standard, which use in physics is The International System of Units (or SI units) There are seven base quantities in the SI system. They are length, mass, time, electric current, thermodynamic temperature, amount of substance (mole), and luminous intensity.

Uploaded by

Gary-Dean Campbell
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

1

PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS 1 (PHY 2043) Spring 2013


Prerequisite course required MAC 2281 or MAC 2311
Instructor: Dr. Grigoriy Kreymerman
COURSE TEXT BOOK:
PHYSICS FOR SCIENTIST AND ENGINEERS, Vol-1, Sixth Edition
Authors: Paul A. Tipler and Gene Mosca
Publisher: W. H. Freeman and Company (http://whfreeman.com/tipler/)
The biggest part of this book is Mechanics fallowing by Oscillations
Waves and Thermodynamics.
There will be four tests and four 15 minutes quizzes.
Test 1, 2 and 3 will grade 105 points each. The final exam will grade
120 points. The total score for tests will be 435.
Quizzes each 21 points total four quizzes 84 points.
Homework assignment 60 points total.
MAXIMUM TOTAL COURSE POINTS POSSIBLE 579.
2
The required textbook
for this course is

PHYSICS
For Scientists
and Engineers
Sixth Edition

by Paul A. Tipler and Gene
Mosca

(2008, W.H. Freeman & Company)
3
1-CHAPTER
Units

Conversion of Units

Dimensions of Physical Quantities

Vectors

General Properties of Vectors

MEASUREMENT AND VECTORS
4
Physical unit is the define standard for measurement of physical
quantity or value.
For example
Distance_____meters, kilometers, feet, yards, miles.
Time _____ seconds, minutes, hours, days,
Mass_______ kilograms, grams, milligrams, pounds .
The basic standard, which use in physics is
The International System of Units (or SI units)-we will use in this
course base SI quantities - seconds (s), meters (m), kilograms (kg)
In 1960, an international committee established a set of standards
for the scientific community called SI (for System International).
U.S. customary system inches, feet, yards, miles, pounds,.
Foot originally defined as the length of the kings foot in France.
To express measurement quantitatively we need introduce units.
?
5
There are seven base quantities in the SI system. They are length,
mass, time, electric current, thermodynamic temperature, amount of
substance (mole), and luminous intensity.
For now we define only three base units or fundamental quantities:
Time, Length, and Mass
Time ----- second (s) Historically it is (1/60)x(1/60)x(1/24) of
the mean solar day
Modern etalon of the time define by frequency of E.M. radiation emitted
from a certain level excitation in cesium (9192631770 cycles per second)
6
Length-----meter (m) Historically length was define as 1/10,000,000
or of the distance between the equator and North Pole.
Today length define by speed of light (299792458 m/s)in empty
space. The meter is the distance which light travel
1/ 299792458 second.
7
10

Standard 1m between two scratches on platinum iridium alloy at


constant temperature adapted 1889.
7
Mass-----kilogram (kg) Historically was defined as the mass of
one liter of distillated water at 4C.
The kilogram is now defined to be the mass of a
specific platinum-iridium alloy cylinder, which
store in the International Bureau of Weights and
Measures in Svres, France.

8
The classical example of importance of units is NASA fiasco with
Mars probe in 1999. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California and
Lockhead Martin in Colorado use different units of measurement.
Units Prefixes
9
How many centimeters are there in one foot? How many centimeters are
there in one mile?
Example:
We can use the facts that there are 2.540 centimeters in 1 inch and 12
inches in 1 foot to show that there are 30.48 cm per ft. We can then use
the fact that there are 5280 feet in 1 mile to find the number of
centimeters in one mile.
Multiply 2.540 cm/in by 12 in/ft to find the number of cm per ft:
cm/ft .
ft
in
in
cm
. 48 30 12 540 2 =
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
Multiply 30.48 cm/ft by 5280 ft/mi to find the number of centimeters in
one mile:
cm/mi .
mi
ft
ft
cm
.
5
10 609 1 5280 48 30 =
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
Conversion of Units
10
Dimensions of Physical Quantities
We going use next notation : for distance = [L],
for time = [T], mass = [M]
We can multiply or divide physical quantities (values)
in deferent units.
Example speed = [L] / [T]
When we adding or subtracting physical quantities (values)
dimensions of this quantities should be same.
Example total length = [L1] + [L2]
Dimensional analysis. Falling time as function of high and ?
11
Force has dimensions of mass times acceleration. Acceleration has
dimensions of speed divided by time. Pressure is defined as force
divided by area. What are the dimensions of pressure? Express
pressure in terms of the SI base units kilogram, meter and second.
Example:
Use the definition of pressure and the dimensions of force and area to
obtain:
| |
| |
| | | |
(

=
(

= =
2 2
2
LT
M
L
T
ML
A
F
P
Express pressure in terms of the SI base units to obtain:
2 2
2
2
s m
kg
m
s
m
kg
m
N

=
12
True or false:
(a) Two quantities must have the same dimensions in order to be added.
(b) Two quantities must have the same dimensions in order to be
multiplied.

(a) True. You cannot add apples to oranges or a length (distance
traveled) to a volume (liters of milk).
(b) False. The distance traveled is the product of speed (length/time)
multiplied by the time of travel (time).
13
Example:
In doing a calculation, you end up with m/s in the numerator and
m/s^2 in the denominator. What are your final units?
(a) m^2/s^3, (b) 1/s, (c) s^3/m^2, (d) s, (e) m/s.
14
Order of Magnitude
Rounding number to the nearest power of 10 called an order
of magnitude.
is approximately g
4
10 9
g
5
10
Assume, percentage of Human Body that is Water Up to 60 percent.
The mass of a water molecule is 30 10
-27
kg. If the mass of a person is
60 kg, estimate the number of water molecules in that person.
Problem:
N represent the number of water molecules in a person of mass m
6 0.
molecule water
body human
=
m
m
N
molecules .
.
molecule
kg

kg
27
27
10 2 1
6 0
10 30
60
=

N
g
5
10 9

is approximately
?
15
VECTORS
Equal Vectors
Vector define by magnitude (displacement or length) and direction.
16
Addition and Subtraction of Vectors
Vector sum, or resultant.
Head-to-Tail method addition.
Parallelogram method addition
Vector addition obeys the commutative law
17
|
.
|

\
|
+ + = +
|
.
|

\
|
+

C B A C B A Vector addition is associative.

+ = B A C

it is not equal to .
B A C + =
Except when and are parallel.

A

B
18
Subtraction of Vectors
19
A vector points in the +x direction. Show graphically at least three
choices for a vector such that points in the +y direction.
A

A B

+
20
C B A E
C B A D
B A C C
A C B B
A C B A





+ =
=
=
=
+ =
.
.
.
.
.
is
and , vectors among ip relationsh the
describes hat equation t vector The
C B A

21
Component of Vector
Component of vector in define direction is the projection of the
vector onto an axis in that direction.
22
The process of finding the x,y, and z component of vector is
called resolving the vector
We can find angle if we know Ax and Ay.
In three dimensions.
2 2
y x
A A A + =
2 2 2
z y x
A A A A + + =
x
y
A
A
= u tan
x
y
A
A
arctan = u
(or decomposition vector)
j

A i

A A
y x
+ =

23
X X X
B A C + =
Y Y Y
B A C + =

+ = B A C
24
A vector A 7.00 units long and a vector B 5.50 units long are added.
Their sum is a vector C 10.0 units long. Determine the angle between
of two vectors.

Problem:
25
o u =180
o cos 2
2 2 2
AB B A C + =
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
=

AB
C B A
2
cos
2 2 2
1
o
( )( )
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
=

6 . 105
5 . 5 7 2
0 . 10 50 . 5 00 . 7
cos
2 2 2
1
o
= = 74 6 . 105 180 u
Apply the law of cosines
26
Unit Vectors
A Unit Vector of vector is vector which is in same direction as
vector but without dimensions and with magnitude equal to 1.
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )k

B A j

B A i

B A
k

B j

B i

B k

A j

A i

A B A
k

A j

A i

A A
A A A A where
A
A
A

z z y y x x
z y x z y x
z y x
z y x
+ + + + + =
= + + + + + = +
+ + =
+ + = =

2 2 2
A

27
Given the following vectors: , and
(a) Find the vector , in unit vector notation,
such that
(b) Express your answer in Part (a) in terms of magnitude.
A = 3.4

i + 4.7

j B = 7.7 ( )

i + 3.2

j

C = 5.4

i + 9.1 ( )

j

D

D +2A 3C +4B = 0
(a) Solve the vector equation that gives the condition that must satisfied
for D

B C A D

4 3 2 + =
Substitute for B C A

and ,
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
j i
j i
j i j i j i D

5 . 49

2 . 40

8 . 12 3 . 27 4 . 9

8 . 30 2 . 16 8 . 6

2 . 3

7 . 7 4

1 . 9

4 . 5 3

7 . 4

4 . 3 2
=
+ + + =
+ + + =

(b) Use the Pythagorean Theorem


2 2
y x
D D D + =
( ) ( ) 8 . 63 5 . 49 2 . 40
2 2
= + = D
(c) Find unit vector for D vector.
(c)
j i
j i
D
D
D

78 . 0

63 . 0
8 . 63

5 . 49

2 . 40

= =

28

You might also like