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    Jet Prop 4

    Uploaded by

    Paulo Aguiar
    This document discusses different types of jet engines including turbo jet, turbo fan, turbo prop, and turbo shaft engines. It provides examples of specific engines for each type and describes their basic configurations and applications. The turbo jet is the simplest form and is used in high speed aircraft. Turbo fans have bypass air ducted around the core and are more efficient for civil and military aircraft. Turbo props have an extra turbine to drive a propeller, making them efficient for low speed aircraft. Turbo shafts power helicopters and industrial applications without a propeller.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Jet Prop 4

    Uploaded by

    Paulo Aguiar
    240 views29 pages
    This document discusses different types of jet engines including turbo jet, turbo fan, turbo prop, and turbo shaft engines. It provides examples of specific engines for each type and describes their basic configurations and applications. The turbo jet is the simplest form and is used in high speed aircraft. Turbo fans have bypass air ducted around the core and are more efficient for civil and military aircraft. Turbo props have an extra turbine to drive a propeller, making them efficient for low speed aircraft. Turbo shafts power helicopters and industrial applications without a propeller.

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    This document discusses different types of jet engines including turbo jet, turbo fan, turbo prop, and turbo shaft engines. It provides examples of specific engines for each type and describes their basic configurations and applications. The turbo jet is the simplest form and is used in high speed aircraft. Turbo fans have bypass air ducted around the core and are more efficient for civil and military aircraft. Turbo props have an extra turbine to drive a propeller, making them efficient for low speed aircraft. Turbo shafts power helicopters and industrial applications without a propeller.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    240 views29 pages

    Jet Prop 4

    Uploaded by

    Paulo Aguiar
    This document discusses different types of jet engines including turbo jet, turbo fan, turbo prop, and turbo shaft engines. It provides examples of specific engines for each type and describes their basic configurations and applications. The turbo jet is the simplest form and is used in high speed aircraft. Turbo fans have bypass air ducted around the core and are more efficient for civil and military aircraft. Turbo props have an extra turbine to drive a propeller, making them efficient for low speed aircraft. Turbo shafts power helicopters and industrial applications without a propeller.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 29

    JET PROPULSION

    Part 4 Types of Jet Engines

    Engine Types
    Turbo Jet
    Avon, Olympus 593

    Turbo Fan - Bypass Engines


    SMALL BYPASS MEDIUM BYPASS LARGE BYPASS

    Spey, BR700 Pegasus, BR715, V2500 RB211, Trent Series

    Turbo Prop
    PROPELLER

    Dart, Tyne, BR715TP

    Turbo Shaft
    HELICOPTER RN SHIPS POWER GENERATION

    Lycoming T55, Gem Marine Spey Industrial Spey & Trent

    Turbo Jet
    Rolls Royce Avon
    At low rpm the rear of the compressor cannot get rid of all the air from the front of the compressor

    This can result in the rear end of compressor choking

    So air blasts forwards


    17 Stage Compressor driven by a 3 stage turbine Flame almost goes out - no power no thrust.

    This is called: - COMPRESSOR SURGE


    With RPM (i.e. Thrust) changes, the airflow velocity does not change in proportion to engine RPM

    Turbo Jet
    Rolls Royce Avon
    Rear end of compressor unchoked Air dumped overboard Rearward movement of air restored

    BUT

    Power restored

    air dumped sideways out of the engine produces no thrust. So a more efficient system was required

    Turbo Jet
    Rolls Royce Avon
    Excess air is dumped overboard through a valve

    Bleed valve

    Turbo Jet
    The Olympus 593
    The Single Two Shaft Shaft Layout Layout

    High Pressure Compressor

    driven by

    High Pressure Turbine

    Low Pressure Compressor

    driven by

    Low Pressure Turbine

    Turbo Jet
    The Olympus 593
    The Two Shaft Layout Allows front end of compressor to slow down move less air and Allows rear end of compressor to speed up move more air

    Compressor surges lessened No wasted energy/thrust

    Turbo Jet
    The turbojet is the simplest and earliest form of gas turbine. Used principally in high speed aircraft where its relatively low frontal area and high jet velocity are advantages. Examples are the Concorde supersonic transport and a variety of military aircraft including the Dominie/HS125.

    Turbo Fan
    Low Bypass Engine
    Rolls Royce Spey Adour BR710 Series

    Part of the air is compressed fully and passes into the combustion chamber, while the remainder is compressed to a lesser extent and ducted around the hot section.

    Turbo Fan
    Medium Bypass Engine
    Pegasus Two shaft layout with Contra-rotating shafts It has low pressure and high pressure AXIAL Flow Compressors

    Core flow to Hot (rear) Nozzles Bypass flow to Cold (front) Nozzles

    Turbo Fan
    High Bypass Engine
    RB211 Series (Trent) Three shaft layout all rotate same direction LP(Fan) Intermediate and HP AXIAL Flow Compressors

    In service with RAF Wide-body Tristar Tanker/Transport Boeing 747 and later series, Airbus A330 and larger a/c

    Turbo Fan
    High Bypass Engine
    RB211 Series (Trent)

    Turbo Fan
    Turbofan engines are loosely categorised by the size of the bypass compared to the core flow.
    (The amount of air entering the core engine compared to the bypass duct)

    which is called the Bypass Ratio. The low bypass ratio is approximately 1:1. Half the air goes through the core or hot section, the other half goes through the bypass. Medium bypass engines have a 5:1 ratio, while high bypass have a ratio of 10:1 or more.

    Turbo Fan
    The turbofan (bypass) reduces overall jet velocity, giving better propulsive efficiency at lower speeds, lower noise levels and improved specific fuel consumption, features which make the turbofan ideal for both civil and military aircraft. Examples are the Boeing 747 and 757, the Jaguar and Hawk, and the Tornado. The Harrier has a variation of the turbofan.

    Turbo Prop
    Rolls Royce Dart
    Dart RDa6 = 2 stage turbine Dart RDa7 = 3 stage turbine Turbine drives 2 stage CENTRIFUGAL Compressor and Propeller

    Prop Shaft

    Reduction Gearbox

    Over 70 Marks of Engine different power levels 15 different aircraft Fokker F27, Fairchild F27, Briguet Alize, (and P51 Mustang and Dakota!)

    Turbo Prop
    Tyne
    C160 Transall, Shorts Belfast, Brequet Atlantic, Avro Lincoln, Canadair CL44, Vickers Vanguard, Aeritalia 222.
    Reduction Gearbox

    9 Stage HP Compressor

    1 Stage HP Turbine

    Prop Shaft (via Reduction Gearbox)

    6 Stage LP Compressor

    3 Stage LP Turbine

    Turbo Prop
    RR Allison Tyne T56-A-15
    C160 Transall, Shorts Belfast, Brequet Atlantic, Avro Lincoln, Canadair CL44, Vickers Vanguard, Aeritalia 222.
    Reduction Gearbox

    9 Stage HP Compressor

    1 Stage HP Turbine

    Prop Shaft (via Reduction Gearbox)

    6 Stage LP Compressor

    3 Stage LP Turbine

    Turbo Prop
    RR Allison T56-A-15
    Reduction Gearbox

    C130 Hercules
    Thrust Strut Turbine drives compressor and propeller

    Air Intake

    Output Shaft

    14 Stage HP Compressor

    4 Stage Turbine

    Turbo Prop
    The turboprop is basically a turbojet with an extra turbine designed to absorb the energy remaining in the gas stream after sufficient has been removed to drive the compressor. The turboprop is a very efficient power unit for relative low speed, low altitude aircraft. Examples are the 748 and F27, and the Transall C-160 and Atlantic.

    Turbo Shaft
    Lycoming T55-GA-714
    Boeing CH47 Chinook

    Front Rotor Transmission


    Combining Transmission

    Rear Rotor Transmission

    Turboshaft with Free Power Turbine

    Turbo Shaft
    The turboshaft is virtually a turboprop without a propeller. The power turbine absorbs as much of the remaining gas energy as possible and the residual thrust is very low.

    The main use of the turboshaft is the helicopter and industrial and marine application, including power and pumping stations, hovercraft and ships.
    Examples are the Lynx, Chinook and the Sea King.

    Check Understanding
    Which of these is a turbo jet engine?

    Tyne Spey
    Pegasus

    Olympus

    Check Understanding
    Which of the following features makes the turbofan ideal for both civil and military aircraft? The turbine absorbs as much of the gas energy as possible

    Lower noise levels and improved specific fuel consumption


    Very efficient power unit for relative low speed, low altitude It is ideal for high-speed, high-altitude aircraft

    Check Understanding
    Which of these is a turbo fan engine?

    Tyne

    Pegasus Dart
    Gem

    Check Understanding
    Which application or type of operation best suits the turbojet engine?

    In low speed aircraft operating at high altitudes


    In high speed aircraft where low frontal area is an advantage

    In low speed aircraft operating at low altitudes


    In helicopters

    Check Understanding
    Which of these is a turbo prop engine?

    RB 211

    Dart Spey
    Avon

    Check Understanding
    Which of these statements applies to a turboprop engine? It has one less turbine compared to a turbojet It has an extra turbine compared to a turbojet It is ideal for high-speed, high-altitude aircraft It has a very high residual thrust

    Check Understanding
    Which of these is a turbo shaft engine?

    Tyne

    Lycoming RB 211
    Trent

    JET PROPULSION

    End of Presentation

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