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    安红敏nomal labor2

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    sanjivdas
    The document discusses the normal process of labor and delivery, including the mechanisms of labor such as engagement, descent, and rotation; the three stages of labor comprising cervical dilation, fetal expulsion, and placental delivery; and the clinical management of labor including monitoring contractions and fetal heart rate, positions and pain management, and procedures during delivery. Key aspects of a normal delivery are covered such as the signs of onset of labor, differentiation of true labor from false labor, progression through the stages of labor, and placental separation after birth.

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    安红敏nomal labor2

    Uploaded by

    sanjivdas
    65 views31 pages
    The document discusses the normal process of labor and delivery, including the mechanisms of labor such as engagement, descent, and rotation; the three stages of labor comprising cervical dilation, fetal expulsion, and placental delivery; and the clinical management of labor including monitoring contractions and fetal heart rate, positions and pain management, and procedures during delivery. Key aspects of a normal delivery are covered such as the signs of onset of labor, differentiation of true labor from false labor, progression through the stages of labor, and placental separation after birth.

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    Gynecology

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    The document discusses the normal process of labor and delivery, including the mechanisms of labor such as engagement, descent, and rotation; the three stages of labor comprising cervical dilation, fetal expulsion, and placental delivery; and the clinical management of labor including monitoring contractions and fetal heart rate, positions and pain management, and procedures during delivery. Key aspects of a normal delivery are covered such as the signs of onset of labor, differentiation of true labor from false labor, progression through the stages of labor, and placental separation after birth.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    65 views31 pages

    安红敏nomal labor2

    Uploaded by

    sanjivdas
    The document discusses the normal process of labor and delivery, including the mechanisms of labor such as engagement, descent, and rotation; the three stages of labor comprising cervical dilation, fetal expulsion, and placental delivery; and the clinical management of labor including monitoring contractions and fetal heart rate, positions and pain management, and procedures during delivery. Key aspects of a normal delivery are covered such as the signs of onset of labor, differentiation of true labor from false labor, progression through the stages of labor, and placental separation after birth.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 31

    Good afternoon!

    Normal Labor I

    正常分娩
    The mode of expulsion of
    the futus and placenta
    The power
    Labor The passage
    The futus
    Delivery Psychological factor

    Factors affecting labor


    Mechanism of occipital presentation
    The mechanism of normal labor in vertex
    presentation
    1. Engagement 衔接
    2. Descent 下降
    3. Flexion 俯屈
    4. Internal rotation 内旋转
    5. Extension 仰伸
    6. Restitution and external rotation 复位、外旋转
    7. Expulsion of fetus 胎儿娩出
    Mechanism of labor
    • The process of labor and delivery is marked by change in fetal
    position in relation to the maternal pelvis

    • Engagement
    (BPD decent to a level below the pelvic inlet
    An occiput below the ischial spines is engaged)
    • Flexion
    • Decent
    • Internal rotation
    • Extension
    • External rotation
    Normal labor II

    • The characteristics of normal labor


    • Normal labor stages
    • Clinical management of normal labor
    Symptoms and signs of the onset of the labor

    • Painful uterine contraction


    • a show
    • effacement and dilation of the cervix
    • rupture of membranes
    The differentiation of labor
    In labor: 临产 (sign: regular uterine contraction with cervix
    dilatation and descent )
    spontaneous uterine contraction
    with progressive dilation of the cervix
    interval < 5 ’
    lasting >30’’
    intensity is middle or heavy

    effacement and dilation of the cervix


    to be short,taken up,dilated
    the rupture of the membranes
    at any time during labor
    False labor: threatened labor 先兆临
    产

    1) false labor 假临产


    2) lightening 胎儿下降感
    3) show 见红
    The mucus plug is expelled from the cervix
    mixing with a little blood
    Three Stages of labor
    The first stage --- dilatation of the cervical OS
    • onset of labor to full cervical dilation(10cm)
    • the latent phase ( onest to <3cm, <16h)
    • the active phase(>3cm to 10cm, <8h)
    初产妇 11 － 12h 经产妇 6 － 8h
    Three Stages of labor

    The second stage -- expulsion of the fetus

    10 cm to the delivery of the infant, <2h


    初产妇 1 － 2h 经产妇 数分钟－ 1h
    Three Stages of labor

    The third stage -- expulsion of the placenta


    delivery of the infant to delivery of the
    placenta,
    5 － 15min
    <30min
    Management of normal labor
    The first stage:
    • education, eating, walking,
    • position(sitting, reclining, recumbent)
    • monitoring of the fetal heart rate ,
    • Palpation of cervix ( effacement ,dilation)
    • uterus contractions (palpation or electronic
    monitoring)
    • Analgesia and anesthesia
    partogram 产程图
    Station is expressed in centimeters above or
    below the level of the ischial spines.
    The second stage
    • fetal heart rate
    • maternal conditions:
    pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate ,
    temperature, urine output, fluid intake…
    • evaluation of progress of labor
    station, position of the presenting part, status
    of membranes, meconium, blood
    • Pushing:
    • with the onset of each contraction, the
    mother is encouraged to inhale,hold her
    breath, and push
    • increase in intra-abdominal pressure
    • aiding in fetal descent through the birth
    cacal.
    • Head visible on vulval gapping
    • Crowning of head
    • Laceration or Episiotomy
    • Delivery of fetus
    • Deal with umbilical cord
    Crowning of head
    Episiotomy
    • Clinical course and treatment in
    third stage
    1. Clinical findings
    2. treatment
    the third stage:
    • waiting for up to 30 min
    • Separation indication of placenta:
    the fundus changes to a globular shape and firm
    consistency
    A gush of blood appears vaginally
    The umbilical cord appears to lengthen

    • delivery of placenta (spontaneously, manually


    • inspection of the birth canal
    • Repair of lacerations or episiotomy
    胎盘剥 离 signs of placental separation
    Detect placental abnormalities—accessory placenta
    Key word and questions
    • Labor
    • Delivery
    • Engagement
    • Effacement
    • What are the four factors in labor and delivery?
    • What is the mechanisms of labor ?
    • What are the three stages of labor ?
    • Explain the separation indications of placenta.

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