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    Radio Network GPRS/EDGE Concept and Parameters

    Uploaded by

    Clive Mangwiro
    This document provides an overview of GPRS and EDGE concepts and parameters. It discusses the GPRS network interfaces and elements, including the SGSN, GGSN, DNS and LI gateway. It describes GPRS mobility management states and establishing a PDP context for data transfer. It also covers link adaptation, coding schemes, modulation and throughput impact on C/I for EDGE. Cell selection and reselection are discussed as well as radio network planning optimizations for GPRS performance.

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    Radio Network GPRS/EDGE Concept and Parameters

    Uploaded by

    Clive Mangwiro
    187 views73 pages
    This document provides an overview of GPRS and EDGE concepts and parameters. It discusses the GPRS network interfaces and elements, including the SGSN, GGSN, DNS and LI gateway. It describes GPRS mobility management states and establishing a PDP context for data transfer. It also covers link adaptation, coding schemes, modulation and throughput impact on C/I for EDGE. Cell selection and reselection are discussed as well as radio network planning optimizations for GPRS performance.

    Original Description:

    ZTE Edge GPRS

    Original Title

    Zte Params Gprs-edge

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    This document provides an overview of GPRS and EDGE concepts and parameters. It discusses the GPRS network interfaces and elements, including the SGSN, GGSN, DNS and LI gateway. It describes GPRS mobility management states and establishing a PDP context for data transfer. It also covers link adaptation, coding schemes, modulation and throughput impact on C/I for EDGE. Cell selection and reselection are discussed as well as radio network planning optimizations for GPRS performance.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    187 views73 pages

    Radio Network GPRS/EDGE Concept and Parameters

    Uploaded by

    Clive Mangwiro
    This document provides an overview of GPRS and EDGE concepts and parameters. It discusses the GPRS network interfaces and elements, including the SGSN, GGSN, DNS and LI gateway. It describes GPRS mobility management states and establishing a PDP context for data transfer. It also covers link adaptation, coding schemes, modulation and throughput impact on C/I for EDGE. Cell selection and reselection are discussed as well as radio network planning optimizations for GPRS performance.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 73

    Radio Network GPRS/EDGE Concept and Parameters

    Introduction to GPRS
    General Packet Radio Service
    GSM Evolutionary Step Interfaces GPRS Network & Concept Parameters

    GSM Evolutionary Steps

    GPRS Interfaces
    TE R MT Um BSS A MSC/VLR D HLR E C SMS-GMSC SMS-IWMSC SM-SC

    Gb

    Gs

    Gr Gd Gc

    SGSN

    Gn Gp

    SGSN Gf

    Gn

    LAN SW / IP BB

    Gn

    GGSN

    Gi

    PDN

    TE

    Gn DNS

    Gn CG

    Gn LIG

    GGSN

    EIR

    Other PLMN

    Signaling Interface Signaling and Data Transfer Interface

    Why Gs and Gd interface:

    Gs interface: Brings support of combined procedures (LAC /RAC Updates, Attach) used for A and B type mobiles.

    Avoids additional signalling load on the radio interface.

    Gd interface: Gives the possibility to sent short messages (SMS) via the SGSN. Important decrease of radio signalling channel load

    Why Gs Interface:
    MSC PSTN

    BSS

    Gs Interface
    SGSN GPRS Backbone IP Network GGSN Internet

    Class B MS GPRS attached


    Circuit switched paging via GPRS Speech call Speech call

    GPRS Network & Concept- Overview

    Host 131.44.15.3

    MSC

    PSTN

    BTS

    BSC

    GPRS Core

    Host 155.222.33.55

    SGSN

    GPRS Backbone IP Network

    GGSN

    Internet

    Shared GSM and GPRS Infrastructure

    GPRS Infrastructure

    IP World

    GPRS Entry Network and Network Elements


    LIG (Legal Interception Gateway)

    SS7

    DNS (Domain Name Server)

    BSS

    FR Network SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node)

    LAN switch

    CG (Charging Gateway)

    BG (Border Gateway) Firewall OMC Firewall

    GGSN (GPRS Gateway Support Node) Firewall Firewall Internet or Intranet

    Inter-PLMN network

    GPRS Network Elements and Primary Functions


    SGSN Mobility Management MS Authentication Ciphering Interaction with VLR/HLR Charging and statistics

    GGSN Secure interfaces to external networks Charging & statistics IP address management

    Domain Name Server Translates IP host names to IP addresses Makes IP network configuration easier In GPRS backbone SGSN uses DNS to get GGSN and SGSN IP addresses Two DNS servers in the backbone to provide redundancy Legal Interception Gateway Enables authorities to intercept subscriber data and signaling Chasing criminal activity Operator personnel has very limited access to LI functionality LI is required when launching the GPRS service

    Border Gateway Interconnects different GPRS operators' backbones Enables GPRS roaming

    Charging Gateway CDR consolidation

    Forwarding CDR information to billing center

    GPRS Mobile Terminal Classes


    Class C Class B Class A
    GPRS only
    (or manually switched between GPRS and speech modes)

    GPRS and Speech (not at same time)


    (Automatically switches between GPRS and speech modes)

    BSC

    GPRS and Speech at the same time

    BTS

    GPRS Mobility Management Mobile States


    GPRS Attach/ Detach

    Idle
    "Off"
    READY Timer Expiry STANDBY Timer Expiry

    Ready
    "Active"

    Standby
    "Idle"
    Packet TX/RX

    MS location not known. Subscriber is not reachable by the GPRS NW.

    MS location known to RA Level. MS is capable of receiving Point-to-Multipoint data and being paged for Point-to-Point data

    MS location known to Cell Level. MS is transmitting or has just been transmitting. MS is capable of receiving Point-to-Point data and Point-to-Multipoint data.

    Connecting to the GPRS Network


    GPRS Attach
    Attach Request Attach Accepted

    Connects to the GSM network checking authentication and updating mobile location. Subscriber Information is downloaded from the HLR to the SGSN

    Establishing a PDP Context


    PDP (Packet Data Protocol) Context Activation
    PDP Context Request

    155.131.33.55

    Gets an IP address from the network Initiated by the MS Contains QoS and routing information enabling data transfer between MS and GGSN

    PDP Context Activation - 1 Accessing the HLR


    (1) MS sends "Activate PDP Context Request" to SGSN Access Point Name PDP Type (IP) PDP Address (empty == dynamic) QoS & other options (2) SGSN checks against HLR Access Point Name Dynamic / static IP address QoS

    HLR

    BTS

    BSC

    2.
    SS7

    1.
    APN= "Intranet.Ltd.com"

    SGSN
    DNS

    GPRS Backbone IP Network

    Access Point
    Intranet GGSN

    Internet

    APN (Access Point Name): Reference to an external packet data network the user wants to connect to

    PDP Context Activation - 2 Finding the GGSN

    (1) SGSN gets the GGSN IP address from DNS APN maps to the GGSN IP address

    BTS

    BSC

    SGSN

    1.
    GPRS Backbone IP Network

    DNS

    2.

    Access Point
    GGSN

    (2) SGSN sends "Create PDP Context Request" to GGSN PDP Type (IP) PDP Address (if empty=> dynamic address) Access Point Name QoS
    Intranet

    Internet

    DNS (Domain Name Server): Workstation database to map logical names to IP addresses

    PDP Context Activation - 3 Access Point Selection

    BTS

    BSC

    SGSN
    DNS

    Access Point Name refers to the external network the subscriber wants to use Physical/logical interface in GGSN Access Point configuration in GGSN defines where to connect the user If a dynamic address is requested, this is allocated by the GGSN

    APN="Intranet.Ltd.com" GPRS Backbone IP Network GGSN Internet

    Intranet

    PDP Context Activation - 4


    Context Activated

    BTS

    BSC

    2.
    SGSN

    (1) GGSN sends "Create PDP Context Response" back to SGSN (2) SGSN sends "Activate PDP Context Accept" to the MS SGSN now ready to route user traffic between MS and GGSN

    GPRS Backbone IP Network GGSN Intranet

    1.
    Internet

    Link adaptation and GPRS Coding Schemes


    Coding Scheme
    CS1
    CS2 CS3

    Payload (bits) Data Rate per RLC block (kbit/s)


    Data Error Correction

    181
    268 312

    9.05
    13.4 15.6

    CS4

    428

    21.4

    More Data = Less Error Correction

    Link Adaptation
    Needed for selecting

    the optimum channel Coding Scheme (CS) for a particular connection The selection is based on channel quality estimates How it works: 1. 2. 3. Collect measurements and make an estimate of the channel quality Compare the results with thresholds Make decision to change or maintain the current CS

    The decision is done by statistical testing methods based on the BLER measurements.

    Impact of C/I on Throughput


    25

    20

    User Data Throughput (Kbit/s)

    15

    10

    CS- 1 5 CS- 2 CS- 3 CS- 4 0 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 C / I ( dB )

    Radio interface summary for EDGE


    In GSM, including GPRS, we are using GMSK modulation In EDGE we have new modulation: 8-PSK This modulation change allows higher data rates in air interface Due to higher speed in air interface, modifications needed in A-bis interface (dynamic A-bis pool, ADAP pool) New re-sending algorithm: Incremental Redundancy (IR) PCU orders BTS to send relevant RLC block indifferent MCS than the original RLC block Link adaptation: same idea than in GPRS, more steps (2 versus 9)

    GPRS & EGPRS coding schemes


    MCS-1

    GPRS has four coding schemes, CS-1...4. All use GMSK. EDGE has nine modulation and coding schemes, MCS-1...9. MCS-1...4 use GMSK, MCS-5...9 use 8-PSK modulation Operator can set the MCS to start with E.g. always start with MCS-9
    CS-1 20 CS-2 30 CS-3 36 CS-4 50

    22 MCS-2 28 MCS-3 37 MCS-4 44 MCS-5 56 MCS-6 74

    RLC/MAC block (radio block)

    redundancy from channel coding RLC data block, number of octets

    MCS-7 56 MCS-8 68 MCS-9 74 74 68 56

    EGPRS Modulation and Coding Schemes


    Coding scheme Data rate for 1 TSL MCS-1 8.8 kbit/s MCS-2 11.2 kbit/s MCS-3 14.8 kbit/s MCS-4 17.6 kbit/s MCS-5 22.4 kbit/s MCS-6 29.6 kbit/s MCS-7 44.8 kbit/s MCS-8 54.4 kbit/s MCS-9 59.2 kbit/s
    Number of Abis TSLs

    This is also requirement for GSM FR voice

    2x 2x 2x

    2x
    3x 4x 5x 5x

    GPRS Cell Selection and Reselection


    GPRS mobile cell selection / reselection the same than the Circuit Switched idle mode cell selection

    Cell is selected autonomously by the mobile MS uses C1 and C2 parameters for cell
    selection/reselection (SYSTEM INFORMATION TYPE

    3)

    GPRS handover is called as cell reselection Cell reselection can be done during the data connection
    C1 C2

    GPRS optimization by Radio Network Planning


    How can we optimize/improve GPRS performance as Radio Network Planners:
    Plan sufficient capacity/territory Plan coverage/cell re-selection parameters for dominant coverage areas On optimized GSM speech network is already well optimized for GPRS from the radio performance point of view

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