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    What Is Organizational Behavior?

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    Rakesh Mohan Saxena
    Organizational behavior is a field that studies how individuals, groups, and structures affect behavior within organizations. It uses both intuition and systematic study to understand relationships and predict behaviors. Organizational behavior is influenced by individuals, groups, the organization structure itself, and the external environment. The field draws from multiple disciplines including psychology, sociology, social psychology, and anthropology. Studying organizational behavior helps understand human behavior in workplace settings and can help improve organizational effectiveness.

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    What Is Organizational Behavior?

    Uploaded by

    Rakesh Mohan Saxena
    91 views40 pages
    Organizational behavior is a field that studies how individuals, groups, and structures affect behavior within organizations. It uses both intuition and systematic study to understand relationships and predict behaviors. Organizational behavior is influenced by individuals, groups, the organization structure itself, and the external environment. The field draws from multiple disciplines including psychology, sociology, social psychology, and anthropology. Studying organizational behavior helps understand human behavior in workplace settings and can help improve organizational effectiveness.

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    Organizational behavior is a field that studies how individuals, groups, and structures affect behavior within organizations. It uses both intuition and systematic study to understand relationships and predict behaviors. Organizational behavior is influenced by individuals, groups, the organization structure itself, and the external environment. The field draws from multiple disciplines including psychology, sociology, social psychology, and anthropology. Studying organizational behavior helps understand human behavior in workplace settings and can help improve organizational effectiveness.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    91 views40 pages

    What Is Organizational Behavior?

    Uploaded by

    Rakesh Mohan Saxena
    Organizational behavior is a field that studies how individuals, groups, and structures affect behavior within organizations. It uses both intuition and systematic study to understand relationships and predict behaviors. Organizational behavior is influenced by individuals, groups, the organization structure itself, and the external environment. The field draws from multiple disciplines including psychology, sociology, social psychology, and anthropology. Studying organizational behavior helps understand human behavior in workplace settings and can help improve organizational effectiveness.

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    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 40

    What is Organizational Behavior?

    Where Managers Work


    Organization
    A consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals.

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Enter Organizational Behavior


    Organizational behavior (OB)
    A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organizations effectiveness.

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study


    Intuition
    Gut feelings about why I do what I do and what makes others tick.

    Systematic study
    Looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and drawing conclusions based on scientific evidence. Provides a means to predict behaviors.
    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Influences on OB.
    Individuals Groups The organisation itself

    The environment
    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Individuals
    Are a central feature of OB Are a necessary part of any behavioural set Bring to the organisation their personality, skills and attributes, values, needs and expectations

    Can create conflict if their needs and the demands of the organisation are incompatible

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Management and the individual


    Managements task is to integrate the individual & the organisation, providing a working environment that permits the satisfaction of individual needs & attainment of organisation goals

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Groups
    Exist in all organisations Are essential to organisational working and performance Comprise a range of different individuals

    Can develop their own hierarchies and leaders

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Groups
    Can have a major influence on behaviour and performance of individual members Have their own structures and functions, role relationships and influences and pressure

    An understanding of group structure and behaviour complements a knowledge of individual behaviour


    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    The organisation
    Individuals & groups interact within the structure of the formal organisation Organisational structure is created by management to: - establish a relationship between individuals & groups - provide order and systems to direct efforts of the organisationOrganisational Behavior, Do Tien Long activities

    The organisation
    The formal structure allows people/groups to carry out organisational activities to achieve aims & objectives Behaviour is affected by patterns of organisational structure
    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Environment
    The environment affects the organisation through:

    technological & scientific development


    economic activity

    social & cultural influences government activities

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Environment
    The effects of the operation of the organisation within its environment are reflected in the:
    management of opportunities & risks

    successful achievement of organisational aims & objectives


    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field


    Psychology
    The science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals.

    E X H I B I T 13 (contd) E X H I B I T 13 (contd)

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (contd)


    Sociology
    The study of people in relation to their fellow human beings.

    E X H I B I T 13 (contd) E X H I B I T 13 (contd)

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (contd)


    Social Psychology
    An area within psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another.

    E X H I B I T 13 (contd) E X H I B I T 13 (contd)

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (contd)


    Anthropology
    The study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.

    E X H I B I T 13 (contd) E X H I B I T 13 (contd)

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Behavioural science a multidisciplinary approach


    Personality system (psychology) Social system (Sociology)

    Cultural system (Anthropology)

    Economics

    Political science

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Why Do We Study OB?


    To learn about yourself and how to deal with others You are part of an organization now, and will continue to be a part of various organizations Organizations are increasingly expecting individuals to be able to work in teams, at least some of the time Some of you may want to be managers or entrepreneurs
    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    The importance of the study of organizational behaviour


    In its concern for the way people behave in an organizational context, organizational behaviour can be regarded as the key to the whole area of management

    The more technical a managers training, the more important organisational behaviour becomes

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    The psychological contract


    The series of mutual expectations & satisfaction of needs arising from the people / organisational relationship

    Process of giving & receiving by the individual & the organisation Covers a range of expectations of rights and privileges, duties and obligations that do not form part of the formal agreements but still has important influence of peoples behaviour
    The significant of the contract depends on the extent it is perceived to be fair
    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Group practice
    The class is divided into two groups:
    Group 1 represents the organization: What do you expect from the employees?
    Group 2 represents the employees:

    What do you expect from the organization?

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Individuals expectations
    Provide safe and hygienic working conditions

    Make every reasonable effort to provide job security


    Attempt to provide challenging and satisfying jobs and reduce alienating aspects of work Adopt equitable personnel policies and procedures Allow staff genuine participation in decisions which affect them Implement best practice in equal opportunity policies and procedures Provide reasonable opportunities for personal development and career progression Treat members of staff with respect Demonstrate an understanding and considerate attitude towards personal Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long problems of staff

    The organizations expectation


    To accept the ideology of the organization
    To work diligently in pursuit of organizational objectives Not to abuse goodwill shown by management

    To uphold the image of the organization


    To show loyalty Not to be betray positions of trust To observe reasonable and acceptable standards of dress and appearance Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Process of balancing
    It is unlikely that all expectations of the individual or of the organisation will be met fully There is a continual process of balancing, and explicit and implicit bargaining

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Caring demonstrating genuine concern for individuals

    Formula for balancing unwritten needs of employees with the needs of the organisation

    Communicating really talking about what the company hopes to achieve

    Listening hearing not only the words but also what lies behind the words
    Knowing - those who work for you, their families, personal wishes, desires & ambitions Rewarding money is not always necessary

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    There Are Few Absolutes in OB


    Contingency variables: "It Depends!!!"

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Challenges and Opportunities for OB


    Responding to Globalization
    Increased foreign assignments Working with people from different cultures Coping with anti-capitalism backlash Overseeing movement of jobs to countries with lowcost labor Managing people during the war on terror.

    Managing Workforce Diversity


    Embracing diversity Changing U.S. demographics Implications for managers
    Recognizing and responding to differences
    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Challenges and Opportunities for OB (contd)


    Improving Quality and Productivity
    Quality management (QM) Process reengineering

    Responding to the Labor Shortage


    Changing work force demographics Fewer skilled laborers Early retirements and older workers

    Improving Customer Service


    Increased expectation of service quality Customer-responsive cultures
    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Challenges and Opportunity for OB (contd)


    Improving People Skills Empowering People Stimulating Innovation and Change Working in Networked Organizations Helping Employees Balance Work/Life Conflicts

    Improving Ethical Behavior

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Basic OB Model, Stage I


    Model
    An abstraction of reality. A simplified representation of some real-world phenomenon.

    E X H I B I T 1-6 E X H I B I T 1-6

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    The Dependent Variables


    Dependent variable
    A response that is affected by an independent variable (what organizational behavior researchers try to understand).

    x
    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    The Dependent Variables (contd)


    Productivity A performance measure that includes effectiveness and efficiency. Effectiveness Achievement of goals.

    Efficiency Meeting goals at a low cost.

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    The Dependent Variables (contd)


    Absenteeism
    The failure to report to work.

    Turnover
    The voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organization.
    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    The Dependent Variables (contd)


    Deviant Workplace Behavior
    Voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms and thereby threatens the well-being of the organization and/or any of its members.

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    The Dependent Variables (contd)


    Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)
    Discretionary behavior that is not part of an employees formal job requirements, but that nevertheless promotes the effective functioning of the organization.

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    The Dependent Variables (contd)


    Job satisfaction
    A general attitude (not a behavior) toward ones job; a positive feeling of one's job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics.

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    The Independent Variables


    Independent variable
    The presumed cause of some change in the dependent variable; major determinants of a dependent variable.

    Independent Variables Can Be

    Individual-Level Variables

    Group-Level Variables

    Organization System-Level Variables

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

    Challenges Facing the Workplace


    Organizational Level
    Productivity Developing Effective Employees Global Competition Managing in the Global Village

    Group Level
    Working With Others Workforce Diversity

    Workplace

    Individual Level
    Job Satisfaction Empowerment Behaving Ethically

    Organisational Behavior, Do Tien Long

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