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    JDBC

    Uploaded by

    Vrunda Kapadia
    JDBC allows Java programs to connect to databases. It contains a library (java.sql package) that converts Java calls into database commands. A JDBC driver translates the Java calls and allows communication with different database types. There are four main types of JDBC drivers that implement this translation in various ways, from using ODBC bridges to native protocols. Connecting with JDBC generally involves loading a driver, establishing a connection, creating statements to execute queries, processing result sets, and closing the connection.

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    JDBC

    Uploaded by

    Vrunda Kapadia
    664 views37 pages
    JDBC allows Java programs to connect to databases. It contains a library (java.sql package) that converts Java calls into database commands. A JDBC driver translates the Java calls and allows communication with different database types. There are four main types of JDBC drivers that implement this translation in various ways, from using ODBC bridges to native protocols. Connecting with JDBC generally involves loading a driver, establishing a connection, creating statements to execute queries, processing result sets, and closing the connection.

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    JDBC allows Java programs to connect to databases. It contains a library (java.sql package) that converts Java calls into database commands. A JDBC driver translates the Java calls and allows communication with different database types. There are four main types of JDBC drivers that implement this translation in various ways, from using ODBC bridges to native protocols. Connecting with JDBC generally involves loading a driver, establishing a connection, creating statements to execute queries, processing result sets, and closing the connection.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    664 views37 pages

    JDBC

    Uploaded by

    Vrunda Kapadia
    JDBC allows Java programs to connect to databases. It contains a library (java.sql package) that converts Java calls into database commands. A JDBC driver translates the Java calls and allows communication with different database types. There are four main types of JDBC drivers that implement this translation in various ways, from using ODBC bridges to native protocols. Connecting with JDBC generally involves loading a driver, establishing a connection, creating statements to execute queries, processing result sets, and closing the connection.

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    JDBC

    JDBC
    Lets programmers connect to a database, query it or update through a Java application.
    JDBC library is implemented in java.sql package.

    Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)


    Java app
    JDBC calls

    JDBC JDBC JDBC driver driver driver

    Database commands

    Database Database Database

    A driver is a program that converts the Java method calls to the corresponding method calls understandable by the database in use. JDBC loads a driver Driver talks to a particular database An application can work with several databases by using all corresponding drivers

    JDBC Driver
    A driver is a program that converts the Java method calls to the corresponding method calls understandable by the database in use.

    JDBC Architecture

    Java Application
    JDBC API

    JDBC Driver Manager


    JDBC Driver API
    JDBC-ODBC Bridge Vendor Specific JDBC Driver

    Vendor Specific ODBC Driver

    Database

    Database

    JDBC vendor specific Architecture


    Oracle Driver

    Oracle

    Java Application

    JDBC

    DB2 Driver

    DB2 Network
    MySQL Driver

    MySQL
    6

    Types of JDBC(Drivers)
    JDBC-ODBC Bridge Native-API partly Java Driver Net-Protocol All-Java Driver (Type 1= Bridge) (Type 2= Native) (Type 3= Middleware )

    Native Protocol All-Java Driver

    (Type 4= Pure)

    Type 1 JDBC Driver


    JDBC-ODBC Bridge driver

    ODBC API is written C language & makes use of pointers and


    the constructs that java does not support, java program can not directly communicate with ODBCAPI. The Type 1 driver translates all JDBC calls into ODBC calls and sends them to the ODBC driver.

    Type 1 JDBC Driver


    Advantage Access to almost any database, since the

    database's ODBC drivers are already


    available. Disadvantages 1. Since the Bridge driver is not written fully in Java, Type 1 drivers are not

    portable.
    2. Due to bridge, slowest of all driver types. 3. Not good for the Web.

    Type 2 JDBC Driver


    Native-API/partly Java driver Converts JDBC calls into database-specific calls.

    This driver is specific to a particular database.


    Example: Oracle will have oracle native api.

    Type 2 JDBC Driver


    Advantage 1. Better performance than the JDBC-ODBC Bridge

    2. it uses Native api which is Database specific.


    Disadvantage 1. Native API must be installed in the Client System hence cannot be used for the Internet. 2. Its not written in Java Language which forms a portability issue. 3. If we change the Database we have to change the native api as it is specific to a database

    Type 3 JDBC Driver


    All Java/Net-protocol driver Type 3 database requests are

    passed through the network to the


    middle-tier server. The middle-tier then translates the request to the database.

    Type 3 JDBC Driver


    Advantage 1. This driver is server-based, so there is no need for any vendor

    database library to be present on client machines.


    2. Fully written in Java and hence Portable.

    3. It is suitable for the web.


    4. The net protocol can be designed to make the client JDBC

    driver very small and fast to load.


    Disadvantage It requires another server application to install and maintain.

    Type 4 JDBC Driver


    Native-protocol/all-Java driver The Type 4 uses java networking libraries to communicate

    directly with the database server.

    Type 4 JDBC Driver


    Advantage 1. 1. Completely written in Java to achieve platform independence 2. It is most suitable for the web. 3. Number of translation layers is very less i.e. they don't have to

    translate database requests to ODBC or a native connectivity


    interface or to pass the request on to another server.

    Disadvantage
    With type 4 drivers, the user needs a different driver for each database.

    Seven Basic Steps in Using JDBC


    1. Load the driver

    2. Define the Connection URL


    3. Establish the Connection

    4. Create a Statement object


    5. Execute a query

    6. Process the results


    7. Close the connection

    JDBC: Details of Process: Step 1


    1. Loading the driver
    public static Class forName (String className)

    throws ClassNotFoundException Example:


    try { Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); //Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
    } catch(ClassNotFoundException e) { }

    JDBC: Details of Process : Step 2


    2. Define the Connection URL
    String URL= "jdbc:odbc:test (test is DSN)

    JDBC: Details of Process : Step 3


    3. Establish the Connection
    public static Connection getConnection (String url, String user, String password) throws SQLException

    Connection con =
    DriverManager.getConnection(URL);

    JDBC: Details of Process : Step 4


    4.

    Create a Statement

    public Statement createStatement() throws SQLException

    Statement stat = con.createStatement();

    JDBC: Details of Process : Step 5


    5. Execute a Query
    public ResultSet executeQuery (String sql) throws SQLException

    String query = "SELECT * FROM sometable";


    ResultSet rs= stat.executeQuery(query);

    JDBC: Details of Process : Step 6


    6. Process the Result
    while (rs.next()) { s.o.p(rs.getString(2); }

    Values of second column are retrieved using getString() method.

    JDBC: Details of Process : Step 7


    7. Close the Connection
    con.close();

    JDBC Class Usage


    DriverManager

    Driver

    Connection

    Statement

    ResultSet

    The Driver Manager


    The driver manager sits between the JDBC application and one or more JDBC drivers. DriverManager establishes connection & returns connection object.

    Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(URL);

    Making a Connection
    There are several getConnection() methods on DriverManager with

    different argument lists.


    One of them is: static Connection getConnection(String url) If you are using a non-default DB account and password, use instead: static Connection getConnection(String url,

    String username, String password)

    Statement
    A Statement object is used for executing a SQL statement and obtaining the results produced by it.

    Statement Methods
    ResultSet executeQuery(String)
    Execute a SQL statement that returns a single ResultSet.

    int executeUpdate(String)
    Execute a SQL INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE statement. Returns the number of rows changed.

    boolean execute(String)
    Execute a SQL statement that may return multiple results.

    ResultSet
    A ResultSet provides access to a table of data generated by executing a Statement. Only one ResultSet per Statement can be open at once. The table rows are retrieved in sequence. A ResultSet maintains a cursor pointing to its current row of data.

    The 'next' method moves the cursor to the next row.

    ResultSet Methods
    boolean next()
    activates the next row the first call to next() activates the first row returns false if there are no more rows

    void close()
    disposes of the ResultSet

    ResultSet Methods
    Type getType(int columnIndex) returns the given field as the given type fields indexed starting at 1 (not 0)

    Type getType(String columnName)


    same, but uses name of field int findColumn(String columnName) looks up column index given column name

    ResultSet Methods
    String getString(int columnIndex)

    boolean getBoolean(int columnIndex)


    byte getByte(int columnIndex) short getShort(int columnIndex) int getInt(int columnIndex) long getLong(int columnIndex)

    float getFloat(int columnIndex)


    double getDouble(int columnIndex)

    ResultSet Methods
    String getString(String columnName)

    boolean getBoolean(String columnName)


    byte getByte(String columnName) short getShort(String columnName) int getInt(String columnName) long getLong(String columnName)

    float getFloat(String columnName)


    double getDouble(String columnName)

    PreparedStatement
    It has set of methods that can be used for sending queries with input parameters. PreparedStatement stat = con. PreparedStatement( Select

    * from publication where pub_id=?)

    The symbol ? is replaced by input parameter at run time.

    Simple JDBC example


    import java.sql.*; public class JdbcExample { public static void main(String[] args) { int i; Connection con = null; // register jdbc driver try { Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver"); } catch(ClassNotFoundException e) { System.out.println(e); }

    // connect to DB

    try{
    con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:my_database"); } catch(SQLException se) {

    System.out.println(se);
    } System.out.println("connection is successful!!!");

    try{
    String selectSQL = "select ID, NAME, ADDRESS from tb_address"; Statement stat = conn.createStatement(); ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(selectSQL);

    while(rs.next()){
    System.out.println("ID: " + rs.getString(1) + " NAME: " + rs.getString(2) + " ADDRESS:" +rs.getString(3));

    }
    stat.close(); } catch(SQLException se) {

    System.out.println(se);
    } }

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