Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 964 views

    Lect 4 - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems

    Uploaded by

    Mahatma Pandima Putra
    The document discusses how to reduce block diagrams of multiple subsystems into a single transfer function from input to output. It provides examples of reducing block diagrams that include series, parallel, and feedback configurations into equivalent diagrams or transfer functions. The key steps involve applying rules for moving blocks and collapsing summing junctions to put the diagrams in familiar forms that can be easily reduced to a single transfer function. Signal flow graphs are also introduced as an alternative representation that can be derived from block diagrams.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lect 4 - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems

    Uploaded by

    Mahatma Pandima Putra
    964 views28 pages
    The document discusses how to reduce block diagrams of multiple subsystems into a single transfer function from input to output. It provides examples of reducing block diagrams that include series, parallel, and feedback configurations into equivalent diagrams or transfer functions. The key steps involve applying rules for moving blocks and collapsing summing junctions to put the diagrams in familiar forms that can be easily reduced to a single transfer function. Signal flow graphs are also introduced as an alternative representation that can be derived from block diagrams.

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses how to reduce block diagrams of multiple subsystems into a single transfer function from input to output. It provides examples of reducing block diagrams that include series, parallel, and feedback configurations into equivalent diagrams or transfer functions. The key steps involve applying rules for moving blocks and collapsing summing junctions to put the diagrams in familiar forms that can be easily reduced to a single transfer function. Signal flow graphs are also introduced as an alternative representation that can be derived from block diagrams.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    964 views28 pages

    Lect 4 - Reduction of Multiple Subsystems

    Uploaded by

    Mahatma Pandima Putra
    The document discusses how to reduce block diagrams of multiple subsystems into a single transfer function from input to output. It provides examples of reducing block diagrams that include series, parallel, and feedback configurations into equivalent diagrams or transfer functions. The key steps involve applying rules for moving blocks and collapsing summing junctions to put the diagrams in familiar forms that can be easily reduced to a single transfer function. Signal flow graphs are also introduced as an alternative representation that can be derived from block diagrams.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    Reduction of Multiple Subsystems

    Ref: Control System Engineering Norman Nise : Chapter 5

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    Chapter objectives :

    How to reduce a block diagram of multiple subsystems to a single block representing the transfer function from input to output How to analyze and design transient response for a system consisting of multiple subsystems How to represent in state space a system consisting of multiple subsystems

    Multiple subsystems - 2

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    1. Block Diagrams for Dynamic Systems


    Block diagram an interconnection of blocks representing basic mathematical operations in such a way that the overall diagram is equivalent to the systems mathematical model. In such a diagram, the lines interconnecting the blocks represent the variables describing the system behaviour.

    K
    A block diagram representing f = Kx
    Multiple subsystems - 3

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    Summer addition and subtraction of variables


    x2 x1 + + x3 y

    A summer representing y = x1 + x2 - x3

    Pickoff point input signal distribution to several output point

    Multiple subsystems - 4

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    Gain multiplication of a single by a constant (exp. spring)


    Integrator integration with respect to time
    u

    dt

    dt

    The block diagram for an integrator

    Constant has no input, and its output never changes

    Multiple subsystems - 5

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    Rules for altering diagram structure


    Transfer functions which are generally the ratio of two polynomials are often denoted by F(s), G(s) or H(s). When the transfer function is a constant, then that block reduces to a gain block. Series combination

    Multiple subsystems - 6

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    Parallel combination

    Example 1 Evaluate the transfer functions Y(s)/U(s) and Z(s)/U(s) for the block diagram below give the results as rational functions of s

    Multiple subsystems - 7

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    Equivalent diagrams for the diagram shown in Example 1

    Multiple subsystems - 8

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    Moving block to create familiar forms


    Moving a pick off point a point where an incoming variable in the diagram is directed into more than one block

    (1)

    (2) (3)

    1 Original diagram, 2 & 3 equivalent diagrams

    Multiple subsystems - 9

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    Block diagram algebra for pickoff points equivalent forms for moving a block a. to the left past a pickoff point; b. to the right past a pickoff point

    Multiple subsystems - 10

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    Moving a summing junction Ahead of a block After a block

    Multiple subsystems - 11

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    Block diagram algebra for summing junctions equivalent forms for moving a block a. to the left past a summing junction; b. to the right past a summing junction

    Multiple subsystems - 12

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    Example 2 Modify the bock diagram in (a) to remove the right summing junction, leaving only the left summing junction

    (a) Original diagram, (b), (c) & (d) equivalent diagrams

    Multiple subsystems - 13

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    Reducing diagrams for feedback systems


    G(s) = Y(s)/V(s) forward transfer function H(s) = Z(s)/Y(s) feedback transfer function G(s)H(s) function open-loop transfer

    T(s) = Y(s)/U(s) closed-loop transfer function

    H(s) = 1 system

    unity feedback

    Multiple subsystems - 14

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    Block diagram reduction via familiar form Example 3 reduce the block diagram shown below to a single transfer function

    Multiple subsystems - 15

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    Steps in solving Example 3: a. collapse summing junctions; b. form equivalent cascaded system in the forward path and equivalent parallel system in the feedback path; c. form equivalent feedback system and multiply by cascaded G1(s)

    Multiple subsystems - 16

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    Block diagram reduction by moving blocks Example 4 reduce the block diagram shown below to a single transfer function

    Multiple subsystems - 17

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    Steps in the block diagram reduction for Example 4

    Multiple subsystems - 18

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    Example 5 find the equivalent transfer function T(s)=C(s)/R(s)

    Multiple subsystems - 19

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    Example 6 Find the closed-loop transfer function for the feedback system below. Compare the locations of the poles of the open-loop and closed-loop transfer function in s-plane.

    Multiple subsystems - 20

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    Example 7 Find the closed-loop transfer function of the two-loop feedback system in Fig 1. Also express the damping ratio and the un-damped natural frequency of the closedloop system in terms of the gains a0 and a1.
    Figure 1

    Equivalent block diagrams

    Multiple subsystems - 21

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    2. Analysis and Design of Feedback System


    Immediate application of the principles of block diagram. Example 9 find the peak time, percent overshoot and settling time.

    Example 10 design the value gain K for the system below so that the system will respond with a 10 % overshoot

    Multiple subsystems - 22

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    3. Signal-Flow Graphs
    Signal flow graphs are alternative to block diagram. A signal flow graph consists only of branches, which represent systems, and nodes, which represent signals.
    Signal-flow graph components: a. system; b. signal; c. interconnection of systems and signals

    Multiple subsystems - 23

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    Converting common block diagrams to signal-flow graphs

    a. cascaded system nodes; b. cascaded system signal-flow graph;

    Multiple subsystems - 24

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    c. parallel system nodes; d. parallel system signal-flow graph;


    Multiple subsystems - 25

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    e. feedback system nodes; f. feedback system signal-flow graph;


    Multiple subsystems - 26

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    Example 11 Convert the block diagram in Example 4 to signal-flow graph.

    Signal-flow graph development: a. signal nodes; b. signal-flow graph; c. simplified signal-flow graph

    Multiple subsystems - 27

    RM 1511 AUTOMATIC CONTROL

    Example 12 Convert the block diagram below to signal-flow graph

    Multiple subsystems - 28

    You might also like