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    Kuliah Biokimia-Imunokimia FK UNDIP

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    Putri Hapsari
    The document discusses the key concepts of immunity and the immune system. It describes the immune system as having both innate and adaptive responses. The innate response provides early defense through physical barriers and cells like phagocytes. The adaptive response is antigen-specific and can remember pathogens, mounting a stronger response upon repeat exposures through antibodies and T cells. The immune system also distinguishes self from non-self and maintains tolerance to self-antigens.

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    Kuliah Biokimia-Imunokimia FK UNDIP

    Uploaded by

    Putri Hapsari
    100 views19 pages
    The document discusses the key concepts of immunity and the immune system. It describes the immune system as having both innate and adaptive responses. The innate response provides early defense through physical barriers and cells like phagocytes. The adaptive response is antigen-specific and can remember pathogens, mounting a stronger response upon repeat exposures through antibodies and T cells. The immune system also distinguishes self from non-self and maintains tolerance to self-antigens.

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    The document discusses the key concepts of immunity and the immune system. It describes the immune system as having both innate and adaptive responses. The innate response provides early defense through physical barriers and cells like phagocytes. The adaptive response is antigen-specific and can remember pathogens, mounting a stronger response upon repeat exposures through antibodies and T cells. The immune system also distinguishes self from non-self and maintains tolerance to self-antigens.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    100 views19 pages

    Kuliah Biokimia-Imunokimia FK UNDIP

    Uploaded by

    Putri Hapsari
    The document discusses the key concepts of immunity and the immune system. It describes the immune system as having both innate and adaptive responses. The innate response provides early defense through physical barriers and cells like phagocytes. The adaptive response is antigen-specific and can remember pathogens, mounting a stronger response upon repeat exposures through antibodies and T cells. The immune system also distinguishes self from non-self and maintains tolerance to self-antigens.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    santoso

    Traditional : protection from diseases and more

    specifically, infections disease. Modern : a reaction to foreign substances, including microbes as well as macromolecules such as proteins and polysaccharides, without implying a physiologic or pathologic consequence of such a reaction.

    Immune system : the cells and molecules

    responsible for immunity Immune response : collective and coordinated response of immune system to introduction of foreign substances. Immunology : the study of immunity in this boarder sense and of the cellular and molecular events that occur after an organism encounters microbes and other foreign macromolecules.

    Innate

    Adaptive (specific)

    Humoral
    Cellmediated

    Active
    Passive

    Limited capacity to distinguish one microbe from another Not only provide early defense against microbes, but also

    plays several important roles in the induction of specific immune responses The principal components :
    Physical barriers Blood proteins Phagocytic cells (neutrophils, macrophages) and other

    leukocytes (NK)

    Exquisite specificity for distinct moleculs

    Specialization, which enables to respond in

    particular ways to different types of microbes Ability to remember and respond more vigorously to repeated exposures to the same microbes

    Specificity Diversity Memory Specialization Self-limitation Discrimination of self from non-self

    Immune response are specific for distinct antigens

    The portions of such antigens that are specifically

    recognized by individual lymphocytes are called determinants or epitopes

    The total number of antigenic specificities of the

    lymphocytes in an individual, called the lymphocyte repertoire, is extremely large. At least 109 distinct antigenic determinants

    Exposure of the immune system to a foreign antigen

    enhances its ability to respond again to that antigen Response to second and subsequent exposures to the same antigen called secondary immune response are usually more rapid, larger, and often qualitatively different from the first or primary immune response to that antigen

    The immune system responds in distinct and special

    ways to different microbes Such adaptation have developed to maximize the efficiency of anti microbial defense mechanismes

    All normal immune responses wane with time after

    antigen stimulation This is largely because immune response function to eliminate antigens and thus eliminate the essential stimulus for lymphocyte activation.

    Immune system able to recognize, respond to and

    eliminate many foreign (non-self) antigensfunctional inactivation of self-reactive lymphocytes after their encounter with self antigens while not reacting harmfully to that individuals own (self) antigenic substances Immunologic unresponsiveness is also called tolerance Maintaned partly by the elimination of lymphocytes that may express receptors specific for antigenss and partly by

    Recogniton Activation Effector

    Cytokines

    Effector mechanims of T cell- mediated immune

    reactions Effector mechanisms of immunoglobulin E-initiated immune reactions The complement system

    Compises a group of more than 30 serum and

    cell surface proteins that interact with other immune system molecules and with one another in a highly regulated manner to provide many of the effector functions of humoral immunity and inflamation.
    Mengakibatkan osmotic lysis pada bakteri Opsonisasi Reaksi inflamasi Kemotaksis Menghilangkan kompleks imun

    Mediate cytolysis

    Opsonization of foreign organisms or particles


    Activation of inflamation Promotes solubilization and phagocytic clearance of

    immune complexes Promote humoral immune response

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