Commercial Hydroponics- Is It Viable?

Presented by !t Cdr "retd# CV Pra$ash I% C&' Chief Visionary and (o)nder- *he Instit)te of Simplified Hydroponics +angalore India ,,,-petbharopro.ect-co-in (ood and /ater Sec)rity Seminar 0hmedabad
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th

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/ater is (ood is !ife%o /ater-%o (ood5 Simple

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(ood sec)rity e7ists ,hen all people at all times ha8e physical and economic access to eno)gh safe and n)tritio)s food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an acti8e and healthy lifestyle9
6

To be "food secure" means: Food is available / Food is affordable / Presentation is copyright of ISH 10/31/13 India Food is utilised

Food and Water Security-How they link up?

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Situation on Ground

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*his Presentation 0ims: *o bring to each one present here an a,areness of a methodology of c)lti8ation called Soil-less C)lti8ation/Hydroponics *o ed)cate the participants of ho, this technology can play an important part in helping conser8e ,ater and yet deri8e yields of )nimaginable magnit)des10/31/13

*' &S*0+!ISH *H& VI0+I!I*; '( H;<='P'%ICS I% C'44&=CI0! *&=4S

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+ackground
Indians are demanding high >)ality pesticide free fresh prod)ce- 4oney not the criterion ?ro,ing demand for high >)ality microbe free medicinal and aromatic plants People are a,are of dangers of pesticides global ,arming and its ill effects- 4edia plays an important role Consistency >)ality and yields possible only by modern techni>)es of
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*he %eed for Change

*he definition of Insanity is:::-doing the same thing e8eryday b)t e7pecting a <I((&=&%* res)lt::- 0 leap of faith is needed by one and all to try ne, methodologies of s)stainable c)lti8ation ISH India presents ::::::::::::::::::: One Partial solution.. Is Soil-less ultivation/!"dro#onics. Presentation is copyright of ISH 10/31/13 India $

/hat is Hydroponics

Is the practice of gro,ing plants ,itho)t soil Plants can be gro,n in plain n)trient sol)tion or in sterile s)bstrates therefore microbe free @Hydroponics )ses less than 1/10th - 1/Ath of the ,ater )sed in soil c)lti8ation- Saves a lot of %ater %o ,eeds to deal ,ith- !ess space higher yields-

+enefits of Hydroponic C)lti8ation- 1

Field versus Soil-less gro%n

O#en field Farmer has no control on en8ironment&ields are not acc)rately predicted')dgeting is ineffecti8eannot al,ays ens)re ade>)ate aeration of the root BoneSoil-less/!"dro#onics Gi8es gro,er effecti8e control o8er the en8ironment&ields are 8ery predictable')dgeting is easier (oot Bone aeration as ,ell as ade>)ate porosity of medi)m is ens)redPresentation is copyright of ISH India

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+enefits of Hydroponic C)lti8ation- 1

Plant nutrition !"dro#onic nutrient solutions can be tailored to the plantCs re>)irements ,hereas in the field there is a tendency to o8er or )nder-fertilise Hydroponic prod)ce has all the macro-micronutrients that are needed by the h)man body )utrients in t*e soil are often fi7ed as insol)ble compo)nds that are not a8ailable to plants and therefore a loss to the gro,er +neven nutrition is ens)red by 8irt)e of leaching and sloping of land gradientsPresentation is copyright of ISH India

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+enefits of Hydroponic C)lti8ation- 3

,ater Securit" and Savings Irrigation %ater in field gro,n operations cannot be effecti8ely recycled !"dro#onics can red)ce irrigation ,ater )sage by 30D to E0D by recycling the r)n-off ,ater 0s %ater becomes scarce and important as a reso)rce the )se of hydroponics and other ,ater sa8ing technologies is needed no, and is poised to increase in time10/31/13 Presentation is copyright of ISH India

+enefits of Hydroponic C)lti8ation- F

-icrobial .iseases Fungal disease can be significantl" reduced thro)gh controlled h)midityHydroponic systems ,ill reduce t*e amount of e/#osed moisture in the gro,ing en8ironmentHydroponics ,ill effecti8ely #revent %etting of t*e leaf surfaces ,hich in normal agric)lt)re pro8ides the f)ngal spores ,ith the perfect medi)m to proliferateHydroponics eliminates t*e #ossibilities of root diseases by allo,ing s)fficient porosity for drainage of e7cess ,ater as ,ell as increases o/"gen availabilit" to the root Bone(oot 0one tem#eratures are maintained as is ideal to ens)re good gro,th of the plantPresentation is copyright of ISH India

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+enefits of Hydroponic C)lti8ation- A

1abour ,eeds are a ma2or #roblem in Soil c)lti8ation and calls for the )se of harmf)l herbicides- 4ost farmers spend an enormo)s amo)nt of money on labor for ,eeding 0ll labo)r inp)ts associated ,ith soil management s)ch as digging and ,eeding are eliminated ,ith hydroponics S)bstrates being sterile and inert do not infl)ence or allo, ,eeds to flo)rish10/31/13 Presentation is copyright of ISH India

+enefits of Hydroponic C)lti8ation2

Pest -anagement
*he )se of Integrated Pest -anagement "IP4# in protected en8ironments is ideally s)ited to hydroponic gro,ing techni>)es especially ,hen carried o)t in a protected en8ironment s)ch as a glassho)se or plastic/polythene t)nnels*he )se of IP- can 8irt)ally eliminate the need to )se to7ic and e7pensi8e chemical pesticides/hereas IP- is muc* more difficult in Soil cultivation and calls for near total )se of dangero)s life threatening chemical pesticides<iseases and #ests from neig*boring farms can ca)se spread of diseases in oneCs field crops10/31/13 Presentation is copyright of ISH India

+enefits of Hydroponic C)lti8ation3 Ginds of Hydroponics

Sim#lified !"dro#onics is a means for small and medi)m farmers to manage small facilities )p to say 1 or 1 acres for commercial gain*his is a m)ch cheaper system as it in8ol8es )sing cheap recyclable materials li$e old ,ooden bo7es P&* bottles bamboo etc to gro, 8egetables herbs and certain fr)itsommercial !"dro#onic ?reenho)se systems are capital e7pensi8e in the beginning b)t pays off rich di8idends depending )pon the prod)ce c)lti8ated the mar$ets these are sold to and the rem)neration th)s achie8ed by sales of premi)m fresh prod)ce in the right niche segments/hen compared to Soil c)lti8ation Hydroponics red)ces the need for farm e>)ipment red)ced red)ction of crop losses Presentationlabor is copyright of ISH 10/31/13 India gi8es consistent and predictable yields-

Simplified Hydroponics ;ield <ata

Expected daily vegetable production from a Micro-garden- Average range ( 2 kilos per day) Area 20 S !M "egetables Carrot Cucu !er #arlic #in'er (''plant *itter #ourd #reen *ean +nion ,eapod ,otato -ady 0+kra1 #reen/ 2o ato 10/31/13 )otal* .in'er/ 1 2 2 20 1"% 22" 22" 20+2 50 5% ,,3 "
India

Area in #rams per M2 $ay %alories 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 113 22" 5$ 5$ 113 1"% 22" 113 113 22" 50 30 %5 &" 3$ 5& $0 && &$ 1%0

&roteins 1.2 1." 3."3 1.0& 0.)& ".05 &.12 1.3 3.1" &.$%

'ats 0.22 0.3 0.2% 0.&3 0.2" 0.3& 0.2% 0.1% 0.23 0.2& 0.3& 0.&" +!01

%arbo(ydrates 12 " 1%.%& 10.13 ).2 10.35 1" 10 ) &0 $ 12 10 /20!02

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+.!/0

%ommercial %ommercial 3ydroponics3ydroponics- Some Some 4ields 4ields )ons5Acre54ear5Season )ons5Acre54ear5Season

!ett)ce 300-F00 *ons Stra,berries A0 *ons C)c)mber 100 *ons *omato 1H0-100 *ons +ell Pepper 110-1F0 *ons I%oteJ (ig)res are conser8ati8e &ou see and ask 3,*"4 I believe and sa" 3,*" )ot54
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Hydroponic/Soil-less ?reenho)ses
Plant gro,n in a Hydroponics ?reenho)se: @ Can be protected from increasing and damaging KV radiation 'ffers the possibility of safe biological control of insect pests and diseases Kses /ater that is reclaimed and re)sed 0llo,s n)trients to be reclaimed re-balanced and re)sed Can be protected from )npredictable ,eather patterns Ha8e a good root system that is not at ris$ from contaminants and diseases 4a$e efficient )se of labo)r ,hich is increasingly e7pensi8e Can be gro,n to ta$e f)ll ad8antage of their genetic Presentation is copyright of ISH 10/31/13 potential India

S)mmary of the +enefits

@

(educed %ater consum#tion $ Im#roved Produce 6ualit" Increased &ields and Gro%t* (ates 1onger S*elf 1ife 1ess labour in#uts !ig*er 7alue ro#s @8/tended Gro%ing Season @Ha##ier ,orkers 1o%er 1abour osts Pests and .iseases )o Soil 9 )o Problem 8nvironment ontrol -arket ontrol

Possible +eneficiaries from Commercial Hydroponics

(etail *ains Private Investors Public Sector om#anies !otel *ains Fast Food *ains Processed Food Industr" as 'ack%ard Integration (ail%a" atering com#anies or#orate !os#itals FF7 8/#orters 1arge land o%ners )GO:s Foreign (etail om#anies ;Outsourcing< .efence establis*ments Public-Private Partners*i#s.

I FF7-Fres* Fruits and 7egetables Presentation is copyright of ISH

$

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India

ommercial !"dro#onic !orticulture

,orld !"dro#onics 9=creage under cultivation *here has been massi8e gro,th in hydroponic c)lti8ation in a n)mber of for,ard thin$ing co)ntries(or instance in 0)stralia the area )nder hydroponic crop prod)ction ,ent from 1AA to 1A00 hectares from 1EE0 to 100H*his is .)st the beginning*he ,orld commercial hydroponics ind)stry has gro,n F to A fold in the last 10 years and is c)rrently estimated at bet,een 10 000 and 1A 000 hectares ,ith a farm gate 8al)e of KSL2 to H +illionT*e ne% belief *he f)t)re lies in locally gro,n and sold prod)ce limiting the Mroad milesC*his method of gro,ing o)r food is a more s)stainable model than those c)rrently practised*he cons)mer is becoming increasingly concerned o8er health iss)es en8ironmental iss)es e8en ,ater Presentation is copyright of ISH cons)mption cost and 10/31/13 India a8ailability::: these all are dri8ers for the f)rther de8elopment

!"dro#onics- ommercial 7iabilit"-8/ecutive Summar"

Commercial Hydroponics Co8ers nearly A0000 Ha globally 4ain co)ntries are Holland Spain 0)stralia KS0 Canada %N Italy Canada 4e7ico China 4ain crops are C)c)mbers *omato !ett)ce Stra,berry Herbs Capsic)ms c)t flo,ers etc b)t not limited to these alone (ollo,s IP4 (ollo,s recycling methods Has mar$et foc)s Is an ind)stry model 4ost prod)cers are in cl)ster prod)ction and ha8e co-operati8es for selling prod)ce10/31/13 Presentation is copyright of ISH India

?o8ernment s)pport
Has go8ernment s)pport in many de8eloped co)ntries- India is yet to ,a$e )p to this reality- &8en neig*bor Pakistan has adopted Hydroponics c)lti8ation ,ith ma.or go8ernment s)pport10/31/13 Presentation is copyright of ISH India

Viable prod)ction Knits

0s a th)mb r)lein the order of one acre or more10/31/13 Presentation is copyright of ISH India

?eneral costs of setting )p Hydroponic ?reenho)ses

+et,een 1A0-100 KS< per S>-m in de8eloped co)ntries In India a8ailable at FA-AA KS< per S>-m
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S$ill =e>)ired to Handle Hydroponic Systems

Same or a little more than soil systems

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Commercial s)ccess is lin$ed to:

&stablishment of 8ent)re in realistic economic frame,or$ 0ttention to mar$et re>)irements before start )p =ealistic e7pectation of prices yields labor re>)irements &7perience in prior hortic)lt)ral p)rs)its10/31/13 Presentation is copyright of ISH India

Is it a magical prod)ction system? %o- %ot Pl)g and Play %eeds diligence and de8otion Is not forgi8ing %eeds s$ill b)t achie8able '8er confidence can $ill crops10/31/13 Presentation is copyright of ISH India

+asics needed to start a Hydroponics Ind)stry in India-

Capital costs*rained 4anpo,er&d)cation re>)ired0ttention to shifting mar$et demands0ttention to crop gro,ing or c)lt)ral practices Gno,ledge of IP4 Gno,ledge of &n8ironment Controls in ?H Gno,ledge of Climate Controls10/31/13 Presentation is copyright of ISH India

Is the Hydroponics Ind)stry &7panding?

&es
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<o ,e need leadership?

;es ,e need to con8ene an association in India for Commercial Hydroponic ?ro,ers e8en before ,e start the first commercial system in o)r co)ntry/e ha8e a st)dent of Simplified Hydroponics already ha8ing an association called Indian Hydroponics Pioneers 0ssociation10/31/13 Presentation is copyright of ISH India

<o ,e need to form)late Ind)stry standards?

;es ,e need to )se foreign Hydroponic e7perts to start ,ith- *his is an absol)te m)st as there are no reso)rce people in India at this time- Ind)stry standards ,ill be established as time goes by and more Indians adopt this $ind of c)lti8ation-

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Ho, is Hydroponic Prod)ce mar$eted normally?

It is mar$eted more on the >)ality and consistency rather than the method of prod)ction-

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Hydroponics- 0 Commercial Prod)ction System

Hydroponics as an agric)lt)ral prod)ction system incl)des those acti8ities ,hich ha8e the potential to displace con8entional soil based hortic)lt)ral prod)ction10/31/13 Presentation is copyright of ISH India

History of Hydroponic Commercial Kse

Has been )sed in a commercial sense by the KS military since the 1EF0Cs and by the %0S0 since the 1E20Cs 1EH0Cs and E0Cs sa, greatest commercial gro,th of hydroponics %o, robotics is also employed for planting har8esting and pac$aging of prod)cePresentation is copyright of ISH India

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*ypes of ?ro,ing Systems

Indoor ')tdoor <epends )pon the

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*ypes of disposal of n)trient ,aste

=)n to ,aste "'P&%# =ecycled-"=&CI=CK!0*I%?#

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4edia *ypes
,ater 'ased for short term crops li$e lett)ce leafy 8egetables herbs -edia 'ased li$e Perlite 8ermic)lite peat moss coir peat gra8el sa,d)st etc for long term 8egetable and flo,er crops-

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*ypes of Systems
%)trient (ilm *echni>)e "%(*# &bb and (lo, (lood and <rain 4edia +ased s)ch as gro, bags )sing drip method-

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?lobal Hydroponic Ind)stry

Co)ntries practicing are %etherlands Spain Canada KS0 4e7ico (rance Oapan 0)stralia %N Israel KG S- 0frica Italy (inland Gorea China ?reece +raBil *ai,an Singapore 'man Sa)di 0rabia +ahrain Patar Pa$istan has .oined the band,agon recently India also b)t only some 30 ha in floric)lt)re 4ore than 110000 ha )nder ?H Hydroponic prod)ction aro)nd the ,orld- *otal 8al)e of
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International trends in the Ind)stry

InternationaliBation of s)pply of ((VProd)cers m)st .oin this system for s)r8i8al(or,ard lin$ages ,ith Intl food companiesProd)cers ,or$ing in cl)sters- "Info sharing and mar$eting cost sharing# International rationaliBation of prod)ction and standards-

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'pport)nity India
Prod)ction and labor costs in de8eloped co)ntries increasing thereby need to import high >)ality cheaper prod)ce is increasing India has rich climatic conditions positioning )s fa8orably to mar$et s)ch prod)ce !abor costs in India as ,ell as inp)ts ma$es India an ideal destination for food o)tso)rcing- 0fter I* itCs 0*555 Indian prod)cers can address both domestic as ,ell as International mar$ets s)ch as 4&/&K/KS0/(ar &ast Has intelligent manpo,er- Can learn fast the operating protocolsPresentation is copyright of ISH 10/31/13 India 0 co)ntry that can prod)ce s)per-comp)ters

4ar$eting Channels for Hydroponic Prod)ce /holesale Channels =etail Channels 4a.or b)yers ,ill be s)permar$et chains/&7port mar$ets 4any prod)cers ha8e formed cooperati8es to help sell their prod)ce Prod)cers specialiBe in one or t,o types of prod)ce mainly and ha8e f)ll control o8er their prod)ce10/31/13 Presentation is copyright of ISH India

4ar$eting of Prod)ce as Hydroponic

4ostly sold as Hydroponic prod)ce at retail le8el 0t ,holesale le8el sold on basis of >)ality consistency and labeled as 6Vineripened9 or 6!i8ing !ett)ce9 etc Hydroponic Prod)ce m)st emphasiBe on 6Clean and ?reen910/31/13 Presentation is copyright of ISH India

Price Premi)m on Hydroponic Prod)ce

Sho)ld not compete ,ith soil gro,n prod)ce Ks)ally gets a better price based on loo$s te7t)re taste consistency on daily basis high n)trition 8al)e reliable s)pply year ro)nd etc &7tent to ,hich premi)ms are realiBed are based on seasonal 8ol)mes mar$eting presentation "+randing#
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&7port Sales
Sales opport)nities abo)nd from Indian prod)cers d)e to better prod)ction costing achie8able 4ar$ets are in KS0 &K (ar and 4iddle &ast India has e7cellent connecti8ity to abo8e by land sea and air (reight costs from India are high at this time and ,ith better go8ernmental s)pport can be alle8iated10/31/13 Presentation is copyright of ISH India

Seasonality of prod)ction

Hydroponic ?reenho)ses are capable of prod)cing year ro)nd ,hich incl)des off season 8egetables and herbs d)e to controlled conditions-

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Impact on &n8ironment Q H)man Health

%e,er Hydroponic systems are mo8ing from r)nto-,aste to n)trient recycling systems ,hich is good for the en8ironment %e,er ?reenho)ses ha8e the ability to blend aesthetically ,ith the s)rro)nds th)s red)cing 6Vis)al-Poll)tion9 =esid)e testing is being done by most gro,ers to ens)re that there are no e7cess resid)es of n)trients at time Presentation of har8estis copyright of ISH
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Hydroponics
Strengt*s 4a$es any land ,ith good ,ater so)rce )sef)l for prod)ction %)trient and pH controls 8ery acc)rate and effecti8e High ;ields from lesser spaces (acilitates the easy adoption of IP4Climate certainty =oot Bone temperat)re is maintained &ffecti8e drainage and a8ailability of root le8el '7ygen Prod)ction possible in diffic)lt en8ironments Some crops need closed en8ironments- Cross Presentation is copyright of ISH Pollination a8oided10/31/13 India

Strengths:- Prod)ce can get premi)m pricesProd)ce appeals to discerning c)stomersCan target niche mar$etsCan be set )p in )rban areas ,itho)t dist)rbing the ecology!ess labor means lesser costs0s hydroponic gro,ers increase dedicated s)pply chains ,ill be established*here is a mar$et potential for hydroponic prod)ce?ro,ers can specialiBe in .)st one prod)ctHydroponics help is no, a8ailable in India<edicated Hydroponic (ood Par$s are a near term reality=esearch centers in Hydroponics can help create and disseminate protocols and c)lt)ral practices for Presentation is copyright of ISH 10/31/13 India 8egetables herbs flo,ers and aromatic and

/ea$nesses
%o ind)stry association or bodies in hydroponics yet sa8e the ISH in +angalore Higher Cape7 %eeds highly effecti8e mar$eting ?ro,ers m)st specialiBe and car8e a niche for themsel8es +randing is a m)st for s)ccess *he technology is >)ite ne, to India b)t help is a8ailable %eeds more diligence and de8otion 4anpo,er at the moment is 8irt)ally a8ailable sa8e for a fe, ,ho ha8e learnt and practice Simplified Hydroponics Cannot compete ,ith soil gro,n prod)ce and not comparable 6apple to apple9Presentation is copyright of ISH 10/31/13 %o )ni8ersities teach Hydroponics in India- %o India

'pport)nities
*o promote hydroponic prod)ce ,here appropriate as lo, or no chemical )se and s)stainable Chance to de8elop and certify hydroponics as organic Hydroponic gro,ers can form cooperati8es to achie8e better ret)rns 0bility to brand pac$age and sell prod)ce as clean healthy and )ni>)e Phasing o)t the )se of 4ethyl +romide ,ill call for technologies that )se lo, chemical lo, ,ater )se systems li$e Hydroponics 'pport)nity abo)nds in creation of more gro,th prod)cts s)ch as special gingers saffron t)rmeric etc ,hich are cashPresentation cropsis copyright of ISH 10/31/13
India

*hreats
Hydroponic prod)ce m)st not compete on price b)t on >)ality Certain soil gro,n prod)ce are being mar$eted 8igoro)sly and may be a threat to hydroponic prod)ce- !i$e Caly7-'n *omato for e7ample Imports from e8en cheaper co)ntries of hydroponic prod)ce co)ld be a threat b)t none seen as s)ch in near f)t)re Some cons)mers ha8e this perception that Hydroponics is )nnat)ral ?ro,ers m)st organiBe themsel8es ,ith )nity and ma$e lasting s)pply arrangements to be in Presentation is copyright of ISH 10/31/13 profitable mar$etsIndia

 ?ro,th is being dri8en by demand for safe hygienic foods (orm Selling and 4ar$eting Co-ops to achie8e mar$et critical mass Ind)ction of Corporate interest in prod)ction and mar$eting 4)lti-site operations ,ith f)ll time employees close to the mar$ets St)dy to)rs of co)ntries hea8ily in the field of Hydroponics 0dopt best practice )se of IP4 )se of recirc)lating systems Prod)ct 8al)e addition by ,ay of smart pac$aging and first stage transformation !arger Hydroponic )nits m)st be adopted in Presentation is copyright of ISH 10/31/13 India order to s)pply consistently prod)ce the ,hole

Ho, to get the best from Hydroponics

Hydroponics in India-Present Stat)s

*o the best of o)r $no,ledge: Hydroponics is being practiced by some floric)lt)rists in ?).arat 4aharashtra and Garnata$a states presently *he other Hydroponics being practiced is Simplified Hydroponics learnt by indi8id)als corporates %?'Cs etc from the Instit)te of Simplified Hydroponics +angalore=eferences are a8ailable on re>)est- *here
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CapitalJ Hydroponic systems are high in Cape7!ocation and Siting is 8ery importantClimatic conditions in area/ater m)st be of good >)ality in chosen area- 4)st be tested prior before b)ying land and m)st be the perennial so)rce- Chemical >)ality is 8italChoice of right crop and a potential mar$etPro7imity to mar$ets!ogistics in8ol8ed?ood 0gronomists selected prior ,ith gro)nd le8el e7perience- %o theory masters*opography of the land/ slope characteristics/ind direction and speed temperat)re range frost fre>)ency rainfall h)midity are all important

=e>)irements for a commercial hydroponics system

3 types of s)ccessf)l commercial Hydroponic operations

*ype 1 +o)ti>)e style gro,ers ,ith a niche mar$et close byProd)ces special prod)ce- &g- C)linary/4edicinal Herbs *ype 1 (amily farms that are part of a larger cooperati8eProd)ct sold by cooperati8e and achie8es greater economies of scale *ype 3 Corporate farms ,ith in8estors ,ho are not in day

=is$s Q =easons for (ail)re

Vent)re not established in a realistic economic frame,or$ li$e manageable loan repayments cash flo, etc Selection of system/crop/mar$ets/correct management not done Crop prod)ction management inade>)ate ;ield and >)ality did not meet b)dget pro.ections !ac$ of diligence on part of the cre, %on adherence to gro,ing protocols Ins)fficient attention to mar$eting !ac$ of necessary labo)r Incorrect pricing of prod)ce Prod)ct not tailored as per demand-

Profitability is !in$ed to::-Ind)stry profitability is directly lin$ed to: Prod)ction scale increasing ret)rns to increasing siBe- 0bility to s)pply promised amo)nt ,ith >)ality and consistency Capacity to Val)e add and/or- (ind and e7ploit a )ni>)e and high ret)rn/8al)e mar$et niche-

(eat)res of a Commercially S)ccessf)l Prod)cer

0bility to learn and rapidly e7pand operations after learning c)r8e is completed and mar$ets established/illingness to see$ and share information on prod)ction and mar$ets to compliment each otherCs strengths/or$ing in cooperation ,ith other gro,ers and instit)tions li$e ISH India&ffecti8e )tiliBation of go8ernment grants and s)bsidies*a$e part in field trips to e7plore e7port mar$ets4)st try to attain the highest possible ,orld standards li$e KS<0/&K=&P?0P etc0 scale of prod)ction that permits cost efficiencies and m)st be of interest to ma.or corporates0bility to s)pply year ro)nd0bility to pac$ and sell hygienic prod)ce and 8al)e add4a7im)m )se of IP4Constant =Q< is a m)st to impro8e systems and processes and least ,astages-

Commercial Hydroponics

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Simplified Hydroponics

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/ord of Ca)tion
*his presentation is only intended as a broad indicator of ind)stry profitability and to pro8ide a chec$ list to potential in8estors It is not intended as an endorsement of any partic)lar system or enterprise &8ery in8estor is ad8ised to do his o,n st)dy before in8esting-

Concl)sion
*he Commercial Hydroponics ind)stry is a s)ccessf)l ind)stry and is rapidly e7panding *he mar$et is larger than opined as prod)ce is sold on >)ality rather than prod)ction method Hydroponics cannot displace b)l$ commodity items *he ind)stry is e7pected to gro, e7ponentially as conditions of soil gro,ing is becoming diffic)lt-

Hydroponics Seminar in ?).arat

ISH India ,ill hold a Seminar on 1Hth 4ar 1010 Ven)eJ Co)ntry Inns and S)ites Hotel near S0! Hospital SessionsJ *hree Sessions timingsJ E-11 am 11-1 pm 3-A pm ;o) can register at this seminar itself &ntry (ees J =)pees (ifty "A0/-# only Contact PersonJ 4s Sangeeta 4ob 0-

<hanya8aad and Oai Hind