Chapter 5
Chapter 5
Creation of an information security program begins with creation and/or review of an organizations information security policies, standards, and practices Without policy, blueprints, and planning, an organization is unable to meet information security needs of various communities of interest
Definitions
Policy: course of action used by organization to convey instructions from management to those who perform duties Policies are organizational laws Standards: more detailed statements of what must be done to comply with policy Practices, procedures, and guidelines effectively explain how to comply with policy For a policy to be effective, it must be properly disseminated, read, understood, and agreed to by all members of organization and uniformly enforced
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Policy Management
Policies must be managed as they constantly change To remain viable, security policies must have:
Individual responsible for the policy (policy administrator)
A schedule of reviews
Method for making recommendations for reviews Specific policy issuance and revision date Automated policy management
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Security perimeter
Point at which an organizations security protection ends and outside world begins Does not apply to internal attacks from employee threats or on-site physical threats
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Intrusion detection systems (IDSs): in effort to detect unauthorized activity within inner network, or on individual machines, organization may wish to implement an IDS
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Continuity Strategies
Incident response plans (IRPs); disaster recovery plans (DRPs); business continuity plans (BCPs) Primary functions of above plans
IRP focuses on immediate response; if attack escalates or is disastrous, process changes to disaster recovery and BCP DRP typically focuses on restoring systems after disasters occur; as such, is closely associated with BCP
BCP occurs concurrently with DRP when damage is major or long term, requiring more than simple restoration of information and information resources
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Incident response (IR) is more reactive than proactive, with the exception of planning that must occur to prepare IR teams to be ready to react to an incident
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Incident Detection
Most common occurrence is complaint about technology support, often delivered to help desk Careful training needed to quickly identify and classify an incident
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Incident Reaction
Consists of actions that guide organization to stop incident, mitigate impact of incident, and provide information for recovery from incident In reacting to an incident, there are actions that must occur quickly:
Notification of key personnel
Documentation of incident
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Incident Recovery
Once incident has been contained and control of systems regained, the next stage is recovery First task is to identify human resources needed and launch them into action
Damage Assessment
Several sources of information on damage, including system logs; intrusion detection logs; configuration logs and documents; documentation from incident response; and results of detailed assessment of systems and data storage Computer evidence must be carefully collected, documented, and maintained to be acceptable in formal or informal proceedings
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Automated Response
New systems can respond to incident threat autonomously Downsides of current automated response systems may outweigh benefits Entrapment is luring an individual into committing a crime to get a conviction Enticement is legal and ethical, while entrapment is not
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When situations are classified as disasters, plans change as to how to respond; take action to secure most valuable assets to preserve value for the longer term
DRP strives to reestablish operations at the primary site
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Continuity Strategies
There are a number of strategies for planning for business continuity
Determining factor in selecting between options is usually cost In general there are three exclusive options: hot sites, warm sites, and cold sites
Three shared functions: time-share, service bureaus, and mutual agreements
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Database shadowing
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Law enforcement agencies are prepared to handle any necessary warrants and subpoenas
Law enforcement is skilled at obtaining witness statements and other information collection
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If organization detects a criminal act, it is legally obligated to involve appropriate law enforcement officials
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