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    Hiv/Aids: Dr. Lalu Ahmadi Jaya, SPPD

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    Muhammad Bilal Bin Amir
    This document provides information about HIV/AIDS, including: 1. It defines AIDS as a collection of symptoms or illnesses caused by the weakening of the immune system due to infection by the HIV virus. 2. The history of HIV/AIDS is summarized, from initial identification of the virus in the 1950s through developments in isolation, testing, and treatment of the virus. 3. Statistics are presented on the global spread of HIV/AIDS and its impact, with over 40 million people estimated to be infected by 2005, especially in sub-Saharan Africa.

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    Hiv/Aids: Dr. Lalu Ahmadi Jaya, SPPD

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Bilal Bin Amir
    119 views31 pages
    This document provides information about HIV/AIDS, including: 1. It defines AIDS as a collection of symptoms or illnesses caused by the weakening of the immune system due to infection by the HIV virus. 2. The history of HIV/AIDS is summarized, from initial identification of the virus in the 1950s through developments in isolation, testing, and treatment of the virus. 3. Statistics are presented on the global spread of HIV/AIDS and its impact, with over 40 million people estimated to be infected by 2005, especially in sub-Saharan Africa.

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    AIDS

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    Aids

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    This document provides information about HIV/AIDS, including: 1. It defines AIDS as a collection of symptoms or illnesses caused by the weakening of the immune system due to infection by the HIV virus. 2. The history of HIV/AIDS is summarized, from initial identification of the virus in the 1950s through developments in isolation, testing, and treatment of the virus. 3. Statistics are presented on the global spread of HIV/AIDS and its impact, with over 40 million people estimated to be infected by 2005, especially in sub-Saharan Africa.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    119 views31 pages

    Hiv/Aids: Dr. Lalu Ahmadi Jaya, SPPD

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Bilal Bin Amir
    This document provides information about HIV/AIDS, including: 1. It defines AIDS as a collection of symptoms or illnesses caused by the weakening of the immune system due to infection by the HIV virus. 2. The history of HIV/AIDS is summarized, from initial identification of the virus in the 1950s through developments in isolation, testing, and treatment of the virus. 3. Statistics are presented on the global spread of HIV/AIDS and its impact, with over 40 million people estimated to be infected by 2005, especially in sub-Saharan Africa.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 31

    HIV/AIDS

    Dr. Lalu Ahmadi Jaya, SpPD


    Definisi
    AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency
    Syndrome)
    Kumpulan gejala atau penyakit
    Yang disebabkan oleh menurunnya kekebalan tubuh
    Akibat infeksi oleh virus HIV (Human
    Immunodeficiency Virus)
    Acquired Immunodeficiency
    Syndrome (AIDS)
    History
    1950s: Blood samples from Africa have HIV
    antibodies.
    1976: First known AIDS patient died.
    1980: First human retrovirus isolated (HTLV-1).
    1981: First reports of Acquired Immuno-
    deficiency Syndrome in Los Angeles.
    1983: Virus first isolated in France (LAV).
    1984: Virus isolated in the U.S. (called HTLV-III
    and AIDS-Related Virus, ARV).
    1985: Development and implementation of
    antibody test to screen blood donors.
    Acquired Immunodeficiency
    Syndrome (AIDS)
    History (Continued)
    1986: Consensus name Human Immunodeficiency
    Virus (HIV-1).
    Related virus (HIV-2) identified.
    1992: AIDS becomes the leading cause of death
    among adults ages 25-44 in the U.S.
    1997: Mortality rates of AIDS starts to decline due
    to the introduction of new drug cocktails.
    2005: World Health Organization predicts up to
    40 million infected individuals. More than 25
    million have already died.




    AIDS: A Leading Cause of Death Among
    People Aged 25-44 years in U.S.
    0
    5
    10
    15
    20
    25
    30
    35
    40
    1982 1986 1990 1994
    AIDS
    Accidents
    Cancer
    Homicide
    Deaths per 100,000 people aged 25-44 years
    People Living with HIV/AIDS by End of 2005
    North America
    950,000
    (0.6%)*
    Latin America
    1.5 million
    (0.6%)*
    Western Europe
    560,000
    (0.3%)*
    East Europe & Central Asia
    1000,000
    (0.6%)*
    Sub-Saharan Africa
    28.5 million
    (8.8%)*

    North Africa &
    Middle East
    500,000
    (0.3%)*
    Australia &
    New Zealand
    15,000
    (0.1%)*
    South/South East Asia
    5.6 million
    (0.6%)*
    East Asia & Pacific
    1000,000
    (0.1%)*
    Total: 40 million people
    *: Percentage of infected 15-49 year olds per region
    Caribbean
    420,000
    (2.4%)*
    The Structure of HIV
    Figure 9.19
    Structure of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
    HIV is a Retrovirus
    CARA PENULARAN
    1. Hubungan seksual
    2. Kontak langsung dengan darah/produk darah/jarum suntik
    3. Secara vertikal
    Dari ibu hamil pengidap HIV kepada bayinya
    Saat hamil, melahirkan, setelah melahirkan
    HIV Lifecycle
    1. Attachment
    Reverse
    Transcriptions
    Act Here
    2. Entry
    3. Transcription
    4. Integration
    5. Polyprotein
    Production
    6. Release
    7. Maturation
    Protein
    Inhibitors
    Act Here
    HIV THE AIDS VIRUS
    Manifestasi klinis
    Grup I : Infeksi akut
    Grup II : Infeksi kronik asimtomatik
    Grup III : Pembesaran kelenjar Limfe
    Grup IV : Penyakit lain
    Sub grup A : Penyakit konstitusional
    Sub grup B : Penyakit Neurologis
    Sub grup C : Penyakit infeksi sekunder
    Sub grup D : Kanker sekunder
    Sub grup E : Kondisi-kondisi lainnya
    MASA INKUBASI
    Masa inkubasi : waktu terjadinya unfeksi
    sampai munculnya gejala
    Sebagaian besar 5 10 tahun
    Variasi sangat lebar mulai 6 bulan
    sampai 10 tahun
    Stages of HIV Infection
    INFEKSI AKUT
    Demam
    Sakit tenggorok
    Batuk
    Myalgia
    Keringat malam
    Keluhan GIT
    INFEKSI KRONIK ASIMTOMATIK
    Fase akut akan diikuti fase kronik
    asimtomatik
    Lamanya bisa bertahun-tahun
    DIAGNOSIS
    Gejala mayor
    Penurunan berat badan lebih dari 10%
    Diare kronik lebih dari 1 bulan
    Demam lebih dari 1 bulan
    Gejala minor
    Batuk lebih dari 1 bulan
    Dermatitis pruritik umum
    Herpes zoster recurrens
    Kandidiasis orofaring
    Limfadenopati generalisata
    Herpes simplek diseminata yang kronik progresif


    DIAGNOSIS
    Pemeriksaan laboratorium
    Pembuktian adanya antibody atau antigen HIV
    Tes untuk mengetahui antibodi : ELISA, Western Blot, RIPA, IFA
    Tes untuk menguji antigen : pembiakan virus, antigen p24 dan PCR
    Pemeriksaan status imunitas
    Hb, leukosit, trombosit, limfosit
    Pemeriksaan terhadap infeksi oportunistik dan keganasan
    Laboratorium rutin, serologis, radiologis, USG, CT scan

    Antibody Levels, T Cell Counts, and
    HIV Concentration After Infection
    PENATALAKSANAAN
    Virus HIV
    Infeksi oportunistik
    Kanker sekunder
    Status kekebalan tubuh
    Simtomatis dan suportif
    AIDS Associated Disease Categories
    1. Gastrointestinal: Cause most of illness and death
    of late AIDS.
    Symptoms:
    Diarrhea
    Wasting (extreme weight loss)
    Abdominal pain
    Infections of the mouth and esophagus.
    Pathogens: Candida albicans, cytomegalovirus,
    Microsporidia, and Cryptosporidia.

    African AIDS patient with slim disease
    Source: Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 1997
    Wasting in an AIDS Patient
    Opportunistic Oral Yeast Infection by
    Candida albicans in an AIDS Patient
    Source: Atlas of Clinical Oral Pathology, 1999
    AIDS Associated Disease Categories
    2. Respiratory: 70% of AIDS patients develop
    serious respiratory problems.
    Partial list of respiratory problems associated with AIDS:
    Bronchitis
    Pneumonia
    Tuberculosis
    Lung cancer
    Sinusitis
    Pneumonitis
    Chest X-Ray of AIDS Patient with Tuberculosis
    AIDS Associated Disease Categories
    3. Neurological: Opportunistic diseases and
    tumors of central nervous system.
    Symptoms many include: Headaches, peripheral
    nerve problems, and AI DS dementia complex
    (Memory loss, motor problems, difficulty
    concentration, and paralysis).
    AIDS Associated Disease Categories
    4. Skin Disorders: 90% of AIDS patients develop
    skin or mucous membrane disorders.
    Kaposis sarcoma
    1/3 male AIDS patients develop KS
    Most common type of cancer in AIDS patients
    Herpes zoster (shingles)
    Herpes simplex
    Thrush
    Invasive cervical carcinoma
    5. Eye Infections: 50-75% patients develop eye
    conditions.
    CMV retinitis
    Conjunctivitis
    Dry eye syndrome

    Extensive tumor lesions of Kaposiss sarcoma in AIDS patient.
    Source: AIDS, 1997
    Chronic Herpes Simplex infection with lesions on tongue and lips.
    Source: Atlas of Clinical Oral Pathology, 1999.
    Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma & ascites in AIDS patient
    Source: Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 1997

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