Values Categorisation

VALUE CATEGORIZATION…
DEFINING VALUES..
 “A value is a belief, a mission, or a
philosophy that is meaningful. Whether we
are consciously aware of them or not, every
individual has a core set of personal values.
Values can range from the commonplace,
such as the belief in hard work
and punctuality, to the more psychological,
such as self-reliance, concern for others, and
harmony of purpose.”
IMPORTANCE OF VALUES…
 “The Importance of Values and Morals are the code we live
by in a civil and just society. They are what we use to guide
our interactions with others, with our friends and family, in
our businesses and professional behaviour. Our values and
morals are a reflection of our spirituality; our character. They
are what we hope to model for our children and the children
around us, because children do watch us as they develop
their own sense of right and wrong.”
A person with proper values will not be afraid to face

problems. He or she will expect and accept them as part of
life. He or she will not give un necessary importance to
anything that happens in life. He or she will have complete
faith in God. Such a person will be an example to the rest.
VALUE CATEGORIZATION:
DEFINING INDIVIDUAL VALUES….
 Values are psychological objects.
 Values,
Accomplishment, and our
Psychological Energies.
 Values are
idealized conceptions that
are endorsed by the personality
COMMON PERSONAL VALUES///
ccuracy
 Adventure
 All for one & one for all
 Beauty
 Calm, quietude, peace
 Challenge
 Change
 Cleanliness, orderliness
 Collaboration
 Commitment
 Communication
 Community
 Competence
 Competition
 Concern for others Safety
 Satisfying others
 Security
 Self-givingness
 Cooperation
 Coordination
 Creativity
 Friendship
CONTINUUM OF PSYCHOLOGICAL FORMS
FROM DATA TO VALUES…
 Data are mental facts derived from sense

observation.
 Information is data organized by the physical
mind into meaningful relationships.
 Thoughts are specific conclusions or observations
drawn from the information..
 Ideas are generalized conceptions derived from
specific thoughts.
 Opinions are thoughts which the mind endorses
and the ego identifies as its own.
 Beliefs are ideas which the mind endorses and
the mental ego identifies with as true for its life.
 Attitudes are opinions endorsed and energized by
the vital ego.
ORIGIN OF VALUES - FROM LIFE AND
FROM SPIRIT
 Society acquires values through a long process of

trial and error experimentation with various
approaches to life.
 Over years and centuries, the collective comes to

recognize that certain principles or guidelines are
essential for the survival or vital for the growth of
the individual and the community.
 They learn by experience to value these essential

principles and pass them on to future generations as
cultural guidelines for action.
FOR EXAMPLE..
They discover that
 Cleanliness is essential for heath.
 Punctuality and regularity of action are essential
for success in agriculture.
 Honesty and truthfulness are essential in trade.
 Loyalty and patriotism are essential for the
integrity and defense of the community.
 Responsibility, generosity and self-sacrifice are
the bedrocks of the family.
UNIVERSAL VALUES
 According to Berlin, "...universal values....are values

that a great many human beings in the vast majority
of places and situations, at almost all times, do in fact
hold in common, whether consciously and explicitly or
as expressed in their behaviour.
 AMARTYA SEN interprets the term in this way,

pointing out that when Mahatma Gandhi argued that
non-violence is a universal value, he was arguing that
all people have reason to value non-violence, not that
all people currently value non-violence
BELOW ARE EACH OF THE UNIVERSAL
VALUES
 Power: authority leadership; dominance
 Achievement: success; capability; ambition; influence;
intelligence; self-respect
 Hedonism: pleasure; enjoying life
 Stimulation: daring activities; varied life; exciting life
 Self-direction: creativity; freedom; independence;
curiosity; choosing your own goals.
 Universalism: broadmindedness; wisdom; social justice;
equality; a world at peace; a world of beauty; unity with
nature; protecting the environment; inner harmony.
 Benevolence: helpfulness; honesty; forgiveness; loyalty;
responsibility; friendship
 Tradition: accepting one's portion in life; humility;
devoutness; respect for tradition; moderation
 Conformity: self-discipline; obedience
 Security: cleanliness; family security; national security;
stability of social order; reciprocation of favours; health;
sense of belonging
DHARMA AND UNIVERSAL VALUES OF
HUMANISM
 Dharmathus truly symbolises universal values of

humanism and can form the basis of global ethics.
 Hinduismis not a religion but "dharma" which

means a way of life based on universal values of
humanism.
 Hinduism,as a religions is polytheistic.
 Religions
such as Christianity and Islam are
monotheistic .
CULTURAL VALUES….
 Theyare commonly held standards of what is

acceptable or unacceptable, important or
unimportant ,right or wrong, workable or
unworkable etc. in a community or society.
 Values are related to the norms of a culture, but

they are more general and abstract than norms.
Norms are rules for behavior in specific
situations, while values identify what should be
judged as good or evil.
CULTURAL VALUES
INDIAN VALUES NON-INDIAN VALUES

 Family
prestige a dependency on individual  - Secruity and
Nuclear family
responsibility the nearest to the clan; a
greater pressure exists in the nuclear prestige found within the
clan than anything comparable in the
dominant society; a relationship gives confines of the nearest
security and identity. relatives and especially in
 Spreading culture - By word of mouth
 Peace - Harmony :Cosmic harmony is
the nuclear family.
sought; individual is concerned
personally with the entire cosmos.
 Health - The body and soul are one;  By writing books.
health is synonymous with the
harmony of body and soul with nature.  Personal peace - a personal
harmony is sought within
the individual person.
 A scientific viewpoint is
taken to the restoration of
bodily health.
CONTD..
INDIAN VALUES
 TIME - Natural time regulates their NON-INDIAN VALUES
activities with a NOW orientation.
 WILL POWER - Fatalism; man cannot
alter events and he must constantly
attempt to restore all things to their  Clock time regulates with a
original harmony.
 OWNERSHIP - Clan system dictates
FUTURE orientation.
ownership, which is carried on through  Self-determination - The
mother. (In some cases through father.)
 PROPERTY - Communal - Using only
world can be altered by
what is needed and sharing with man's will. He tries to create
others. God.
 SECURITY - Security is found within the
family .WHO AM I?  Legal ownership - passed by
 WORK - Work when necessary law.
 STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY - Non-  Private property - Surplus is
competitive; non-comparative .
accumulated; goods belong
to one person.
 Security is found in success.
WHAT HAVE I DONE?
 Work for itself
 Competitive - Basis for GET
AHEAD
“CULTURAL VALUES AT WORK IN
GLOBALIZING INDIA"
Power Distance (PDI)
Individualism/Collectivism (IDV)
Masculinity (MAS)
Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI)

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VALUE CATEGORIZATION…

A person with proper values will not be afraid to face

 Data are mental facts derived from sense

 Society acquires values through a long process of

 Over years and centuries, the collective comes to

 They learn by experience to value these essential

 According to Berlin, "...universal values....are values

 AMARTYA SEN interprets the term in this way,

 Dharmathus truly symbolises universal values of

 Hinduismis not a religion but "dharma" which

 Hinduism,as a religions is polytheistic.

 Theyare commonly held standards of what is

 Values are related to the norms of a culture, but

INDIAN VALUES NON-INDIAN VALUES

Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI)

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