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    Introduction To Mycology

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    api-19969058
    This document provides an overview of fungi and mycoses (fungal diseases). It defines various fungal structures and terms, describes fungal reproduction, importance, risk factors for infection, toxins produced, laboratory diagnosis, and common antifungal drugs. Key points are that fungi have cell walls containing chitin and reproduce both sexually and asexually, and they can cause diseases but also have many useful applications like food production.

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    Introduction To Mycology

    Uploaded by

    api-19969058
    297 views18 pages
    This document provides an overview of fungi and mycoses (fungal diseases). It defines various fungal structures and terms, describes fungal reproduction, importance, risk factors for infection, toxins produced, laboratory diagnosis, and common antifungal drugs. Key points are that fungi have cell walls containing chitin and reproduce both sexually and asexually, and they can cause diseases but also have many useful applications like food production.

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    Introduction to Mycology

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    This document provides an overview of fungi and mycoses (fungal diseases). It defines various fungal structures and terms, describes fungal reproduction, importance, risk factors for infection, toxins produced, laboratory diagnosis, and common antifungal drugs. Key points are that fungi have cell walls containing chitin and reproduce both sexually and asexually, and they can cause diseases but also have many useful applications like food production.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    297 views18 pages

    Introduction To Mycology

    Uploaded by

    api-19969058
    This document provides an overview of fungi and mycoses (fungal diseases). It defines various fungal structures and terms, describes fungal reproduction, importance, risk factors for infection, toxins produced, laboratory diagnosis, and common antifungal drugs. Key points are that fungi have cell walls containing chitin and reproduce both sexually and asexually, and they can cause diseases but also have many useful applications like food production.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Introduction

     Mykos: Fungus.
     Mycoses: A disease caused by a fungus.
    о Fungi are eukaryotic organisms.
    о Cell wall contains chitin.
    о Cell membrane contains ergosterol.
    Introduction

    о Most fungi are obligate aerobe, some are


    facultative anaerobe, but none are anaerobe.
    о Some fungi reproduce by forming sexual
    spore & some asexually by forming conidia.
    Several Terms
    о Yeast: Unicellular, oval to round reproduce by
    asexual budding.
    о Mold: Long filaments, multicellular (hyphae).
    May be septate or nonseptate.

    Yeast
    Structure of a Mushroom
    Terminology
     Pseudohyphae – “Hyphae” formed by
    “budding” yeasts when the buds do not
    separate from the mother cell.
     Mycelium – A term describing the “network”
    of hyphae.
    Terminology

     Dimorphism: Capable of growing in mold or


    yeast form under different environmental
    conditions.
     Several medically important fungi are
    thermally dimorphic; Molds in environment &
    yeast in human.
    Reproduction of fungus
    Asexual:
    Spores: Arthrospore, Chlamydospore, Blastospore,
    Sporangiospore.
    Budding (yeast): New cell grows on mature cell then
    breaks off.
    Sexual:
    Mating: Hyphae of 2 fungi grow together and
    exchange genetic material.

    Spores: Zygospore, Ascospore, Basidiospore.


    Importance of fungi
     Harmful:
     Diseases in plants and animals, Toxins.
     Useful:
     Primarily decomposers – return organic
    matter to the soil.
     Used to produce antibiotics like penicillin.
     Used for food – Pizza, Beer, wine, Bread,
    mushrooms, yeast.
    Risk Factors for Fungal Infections
     Trauma to the skin.
     Diabetes & immunocompromised (older pts.,
    steroid use, HIV infection).
     Poor nutrition.
     Restrictive footwear.
     Sports participation.
     Living in a warm, moist climate.
    Fungal Toxin
     Fungal toxin includes:
     Amanitin & phaloidin – Produced by
    amanita mushrooms are potent hepatotoxic.
     Alkaloids (ergotamine & diethylamide) –
    Produced by Claviceps purpura causes
    vascular & neurologic effects.
     Aflatoxin – Produced by Aspergillus flavus
    cause liver damage and hepatic carcinoma.
    LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

     Direct microscopic examination: Gram


    stain, potassium hydroxide (10% KOH),
    calcofluor white, India ink prperation.
     Culture: Sabouraud dextrose agar.
     DNA probe.
     Serology.
    Antifungal drugs
     Antifungal drugs includes:
     Amphotericin B: Disrupts cell membrane.
     Azoles (Fluconazole, ketoconazole,
    itrakonazole, miconazole etc. inhibits
    ergosterol synthesis.
     Nystatin – Used topically for candida
    infection.

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