Welding: Group D: Tarang Valecha Dhananjay R. Apurva Mali Prateek Singh

WELDING
Group D: Tarang Valecha

Dhananjay R.
Apurva Mali
Prateek Singh
List various types of welding used for
shipbuilding and with the aid of simple
sketches, explain three common types of
welding.
Introduction
The processes employed in shipbuilding are
usually of the fusion welding type. It is
achieved by means of a heat source, which is
intense enough to melt the edges of the
material to be joined as it is traversed along
the joint. Gas welding, arc welding and
resistance welding all provide heat sources of
sufficient intensity to achieve fusion welds.
Various types of welding used in
shipbuilding are:
Gas welding
Electric arc welding
Automatic welding with coated wires or cored
wires
Submerged arc welding
Stud welding
Tungsten inert gad welding (T.I.G.)
Metal inert gas welding

Electro-slag welding
Electro-gas welding
Thermit welding

Gas welding
Oxyacetylene welding, commonly referred to
as gas welding, is a process which relies on
combustion of oxygen and acetylene.

When mixed together in correct proportions
within a hand-held torch or blowpipe, a
relatively hot flame is produced with a
temperature of about 3,200 deg.C.

The chemical action of the oxyacetylene flame
can be adjusted by changing the ratio of the
volume of oxygen to acetylene.

Gas welding
Three distinct flame settings are used, neutral,
oxidising and carburising.
Welding is generally carried out using the neutral
flame setting which has equal quantities of oxygen
and acetylene.
The oxidising flame is obtained by increasing just
the oxygen flow rate while the carburising flame is
achieved by increasing acetylene flow in relation to
oxygen flow.
Because steel melts at a temperature above 1,500
deg.C, the mixture of oxygen and acetylene is used
as it is the only gas combination with enough heat to
weld steel.
Gas welding
Neutral flame
Oxidising flame
Carburising flame
Gas welding
However, other gases such as propane,
hydrogen and coal gas can be used for
joining lower melting point non-ferrous
metals, and for brazing and silver soldering.
Oxyacetylene equipment is portable and easy
to use. It comprises oxygen and acetylene
gases stored under pressure in steel
cylinders.
The cylinders are fitted with regulators and
flexible hoses which lead to the blowpipe.
Gas welding
The relationship
between material
thickness, blowpipe
nozzle size and welding
speed, is shown in the
chart.
Tungsten inert gas welding
Frequently used in the welding
of Aluminium brasses, Cunifer,
and stainless steels.
This is a particularly effective
weld process particularly for
the aluminium brasses such
as yorcalbro often found in sea
water systesm.
The small heat effected zone
is particularly important as
super granulation causes a
softening of yorcalbro leading
to bulging and failure under
pressure
The main advantages are :
Easy to use in all positions
Stable welld directed heat with small heat
effected zone and deep penetration
Clean smooth welds of high quality

Technique-The basic technique is a cross between
Stick welding and gas welding. The arc is struck
against the surface, the shield gas is ionised and a
stable arc is formed. The elctrode must be quickly
brought up to the weld height to prevent
contaminationof the weld pool. The tungsten
electrode does not melt. A filler rod of correct
material is introduced in a similar fashion to gas
welding. The electrode holder is held at a 75' angle
and thefiller rod held at 30' in the direction of the
forehand travel.For TIG the shield gas has the
added requirement of preventing oxidation and
cooling the tungsten electrode.
Metal inert gas welding (M.I.G.)
Also called Gas
Metal Arc Welding
(GMAW).
Where CO2 is used
as the shielding gas
the system may also
be known as Metal
Active Gas (MAG).
Generaically the
term MIG is applied
to the welding sets.

The shield for the arc is formed from a supply of inert gas.
Gas stored in a bottle is led via a flow regulator through a tube to the welding
torch.
When the trigger on the torch is depressed firstly the gas valve is opened and
the shield gas emitted from the nozzle.
Further depressing the trigger makes an electrical switch and the wire feed is
activated and the metal wire electrified.
To start the welding operation the torch is held a set distance-sat 10-15mm,
from the work piece, the trigger is pressed and the arc established.
Note that the arc is not 'struck' in the same way as stick welding.
To improve the arc creation is it advisable to sharpen the wire to a point before
starting
Wire Stick out - The amount of wire sticking out of the holder at startup should
be controlled.
Too long and the weld arc is cool and may not be properly shielded by the gas.
Too short and the holder tip can be overheated and weld spatter may enter the
nozzle and cause turbulence in the gas flow
Gasses use for different metals:
Argon
Aluminium
Stainless Steel
Copper and copper alloys
Carbon Dioxide
Ferrous metals
Argon/CO2 mix
Ferrous Metals
Stainles steels

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WELDING

Group D: Tarang Valecha

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