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    Ancient Civilization Housing

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    Pulkit Taluja
    Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations developed advanced architectural techniques. [1] Mesopotamians pioneered urban planning, courtyard houses, and ziggurats made from mud bricks and clay. [2] Their cities had residential, commercial, and civic districts organized around a central temple. [3] Houses were built around an inward-facing courtyard and had thick outer walls to maintain privacy.

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    Ancient Civilization Housing

    Uploaded by

    Pulkit Taluja
    172 views14 pages
    Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations developed advanced architectural techniques. [1] Mesopotamians pioneered urban planning, courtyard houses, and ziggurats made from mud bricks and clay. [2] Their cities had residential, commercial, and civic districts organized around a central temple. [3] Houses were built around an inward-facing courtyard and had thick outer walls to maintain privacy.

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    MESOPOTAMIAN CIVILIZATION EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

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    Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations developed advanced architectural techniques. [1] Mesopotamians pioneered urban planning, courtyard houses, and ziggurats made from mud bricks and clay. [2] Their cities had residential, commercial, and civic districts organized around a central temple. [3] Houses were built around an inward-facing courtyard and had thick outer walls to maintain privacy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    172 views14 pages

    Ancient Civilization Housing

    Uploaded by

    Pulkit Taluja
    Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations developed advanced architectural techniques. [1] Mesopotamians pioneered urban planning, courtyard houses, and ziggurats made from mud bricks and clay. [2] Their cities had residential, commercial, and civic districts organized around a central temple. [3] Houses were built around an inward-facing courtyard and had thick outer walls to maintain privacy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    ANCIENT CIVILIZATION HOUSING

    MESOPOTAMIAN CIVILIZATION
    -Urban Planning
    -Housing

    EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

    Introduction
    The architecture of Mesopotamia is the ancient architecture of the region of
    the TigrisEuphrates river system (also known as Mesopotamia),
    encompassing several distinct cultures when the first permanent structures
    were built, to the 6th century BC.

    Among the Mesopotamian architectural accomplishments are the
    development of urban planning, the courtyard house, and ziggurats.

    Building materials

    Clay Masonry and omplex forms of Stacked Mud Brick.

    Adobe-brick was preferred over Vitreous-brick because of its
    superior thermal properties and lower manufacturing costs.

    Red brick was used in small applications involving water,
    decoration, and monumental construction. A late innovation was
    glazed vitreous brick.
    Sumerian masonry was usually mortarless although bitumen was
    sometimes used.
    Brick styles, which varied greatly over time, are categorized by
    period.
    Patzen 804015 cm: Late Uruk period (36003200 BCE)
    Riemchen 1616 cm: Late Uruk period (36003200 BCE)
    Plano-convex 10x19x34 cm: Early Dynastic Period (31002300 BCE)

    Adobe brick
    Adobe bricks (mud bricks) are made of earth with a fairly high clay content and
    straw.
    If produced manually the earth mix is cast in open moulds onto the ground and
    then left to dry out.
    Adobe bricks are only sun-dried, not kiln-fired. When used for construction they
    are laid up into a wall using an earth mortar.
    Before drying out, the finished walls are smoothed down. Often a clay render is
    applied as a surface coating.
    URBAN DESIGN
    The growth of the city was partly planned and partly organic.
    Planning is evident in the walls, high temple district, main canal
    with harbor, and main street.
    The finer structure of residential and commercial spaces is the
    reaction of economic forces to the spatial limits imposed by the
    planned areas.
    The typical city divided space into residential, mixed use,
    commercial, and civic spaces.
    The residential areas were grouped by profession.

    At the core of the city was a high temple complex.
    This high temple usually predated the founding of the city and was
    the nucleus around which the urban form grew.
    The districts adjacent to gates had a special religious and economic
    function
    HOUSES

    The materials used to build a Mesopotamian house were the same as those used
    today: Mud Brick, Mud Plaster and Wooden Doors, which were all naturally
    available around the city,

    although wood could not be naturally made very well
    during the particular time period.
    Most houses had a square center room with other rooms attached to it, but a
    great variation in the size and materials used to build the houses suggest they
    were built by the inhabitants themselves.
    Residential design was a direct development from Ubaid houses.

    These houses faced inward towards an open courtyard which provided a cooling
    effect by creating convection currents.

    This courtyard was the primary organizing feature of the house, all the rooms
    opened into it.

    The external walls were featureless with only a single opening connecting the
    house to the street.

    Movement between the house and street required a 90 turn through a small
    antechamber.

    From the street only the rear wall of the antechamber would be visible through an
    open door, likewise there was no view of the street from the courtyard.

    The Sumerians had a strict division of public and private spaces. The typical size for
    a Sumerian house was 90 m
    2
    and 5-6m tall.

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