Disaster Management
Disaster Management
Disaster Management
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
INTRODUCTION:
The Philippines being located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, is highly prone to natural
disasters. We are one of the ten countries in the world most frequently battered by
natural calamities.
In 2009, the Philippines top the list when the country was visited by disastrous
storms Ondoy and Pepeng. Ondoy was shortly followed by Typhoon Pepeng. The
combined effects of the two typhoons left a trail of destruction worth P50 billion,
killed more than 1,000 people and affected 3.9 million.
The Philippines has an average of 19 tropical typhoons every year.
On December 16, 2012, Cagayan de Oro and Iligan City were heavily devastated by
Typhoon Sendong killing thousands of people, thousands missing and billions of
pesos in property damage.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Apart from natural disaster, we are also
prone to man-made disasters. Man-made
disasters are group into Technological
Accidents and Intentional Emergencies.
Technological Accidents includes transport
accidents, industrial accidents, collapse of
multi-storey buildings, conflagrations/fires,
etc.
Intentional emergencies consist of
terrorism, hostage situation, organized
mass actions, etc.
On Sept 9, 2013, Zamboanga City crisis erupted which was an armed conflict
between the govt forces and a faction of the MNLF.
The standoff collapsed into urban warfare, and had brought parts of the city in
a standstill for several days.
The clashes has caused the displacement of more than 100,000 people, the
occupation of several barangays by the MNLF, the deaths of several civilians, the
closure of the Zamboanga International Airport and the slowdown of economic
activity in the city.
During the standoff in Zamboanga, more than 10,000 houses were burned
estimated to cost more than P200-million.
On Sept. 28, Defense Secretary Voltaire Gazmin, Chairman of NDRRMC declared
the crisis over and reported that 23,794 families or 118,819 people in 14 villages
affected and displced.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Correspondingly, earthquakes now frequently jolted the country. The strongest
and most devastating of which hit Luzon on July 16, 1990 affecting 259,951
families, caused the death of 1,666 and injured 3,561.
The eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in June 1991 after 600 years of serenity was
probably the most environmentally shattering calamity that happen in the
country
n the average, our country is frequented by at least 19 typhoons every year.
Between 1980 and 1990, a total of 213 typhoons crossed the country affecting
over 25 million people and resulting to 5,592 deaths about 14,000 missing and
property damage of more than P45 billion.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
The Mt. Pinatubo erupted on June 1991 was the second largest volcanic eruption
of the 20th century. It ejected between 15 and 30 million tons of sulfur dioxide
gas. Sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere mixes with water and oxygen in the
atmosphere to become sulfuric acid, which in turn triggers ozone depletion.
The eruption plume of Mount Pinatubo's various gases and ash reached high into
the atmosphere within two hours of the eruption, attaining an altitude of 34 km
(21 miles) high and over 400 km (250 miles) wide. This eruption was the largest
disturbance of the stratosphere since the eruption of Mt. Krakatau in 1883. The
aerosol cloud spread around the earth in two weeks and covered the planet
within a year resulting in a decrease in the temperature worldwide over the next
few years.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
During that period in 1992 and 1993, the Ozone hole over Antarctica reached an
unprecedented size. The cloud over the earth reduced global temperatures. In 1992
and 1993, the average temperature of the entire planet was cooled 0.4 to 0.5C.
The eruption is believed to have influenced third coldest and third wettest summer
in the United States in 77 years during 1992.
Overall, the cooling effects of the Mount Pinatubo eruption in the entire planet were
greater than those of the El Nio that was taking place at the time of the
greenhouse gas warming of the Earth.
Theses disasters bring so much destruction and human sufferings to Filipinos.
Collectively, disasters inflict great destruction to lives, limbs & properties and create
sufferings to the Philippine Society every year.
It is therefore, imperative to effectively manage disasters, so as to reduce and
minimize the destruction and suffering they caused.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Presently, disaster management is very much an on-going requirement to
government. It is vital today because of increasing disasters due to climate
change as a result of global warming which caused stronger typhoons, massive
floods, severe drought, volcanic eruption, stronger earthquake, etc.
At least 60% of the major disasters in the world occur in Asia.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
What is a Disaster?
"Disaster" - a serious disruption of the
functioning of a community or a society
involving widespread human, material,
economic or environmental losses and
impacts, which exceeds the ability of the
affected community or society to cope using
its own resources. Disaster impacts may
include loss of life, injury, disease and other
negative effects on human, physical, mental
and social well-being, together with damage
to property, destruction of assets, loss of
services, social and economic disruption and
environmental degradation.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
What is Disaster Management?
It refers to the range of activities
design to maintain control over disaster
and emergency situation and to provide a
framework for helping at risk persons to
avoid or recover from the impact of the
disaster.
It is a systematic observation and
analysis of disaster to improve measures
relating
to
prevention,
mitigation,
preparedness, emergency response and
recovery.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
OBJECTIVES:
1. To prevent or at least mitigate the
occurrence of disasters and calamities;
2. To save lives and limbs, prevent
needless suffering, protect property
and minimize damages during disasters
and calamities;
3. To restore normality in the affected
communities as soon as possible;
4. To enlighten, empower and mobilize
the people to participate in and
support the efforts of the NDRRMC,
NGAs, LGUs and lower DMCs in
realizing these objectives
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
THREE COMPONENTS OF DISASTER:
1. Trigger Event a natural or man-made disruption
or phenomenon such as flood,
earthquake, volcanic eruption, conflagration, etc.
2. Hazard a dangerous phenomenon, substance,
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
THREE COMPONENTS OF DISASTER
Hazard
Vulnerability
Disaster
Event
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIC CONCEPTS:
To accomplish the four objectives, the following
strategic concepts shall be operationalized and
applied:
1. Risk Assessment refers to the probability of
loss, harm damage and/or disruption in the socioeconomic environment to be caused by the
disaster in the community.
a. Hazard Assessment - determination of the
nature, severity and frequency of the
hazard/disaster, the area to be affected, the time
and duration of the impact. This process start
with the data collection such as existing
assessment, hazard maps, scientific data
(meteorological/seismological/volcanological/etc)
historical records, other maps. These data and
maps are then analyzed to arrive at the hazard
assessment.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIC CONCEPTS:
b. Vulnerability Analysis the identification of
vulnerable conditions which are exposed to the
hazards posed by the trigger events.
b.1. Physical Vulnerability high rise buildings,
bridges, airports, hospitals, utilities (water,
electricity, telecommunication), other critical
infrastructures
b.2. Social Vulnerability Priority and special
attention should be addressed to the most
vulnerable sectors of the society which
includes children, elderly, pregnant or
lactating women, squatters area.
b.3. Economic Vulnerability measures the risk
of hazards causing losses to economic assets
and production.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
2. Disaster Prevention
The outright avoidance of adverse impacts
of hazards and related disasters. It expresses the
concept and intention to completely avoid
potential adverse impacts through action taken
in advance such as construction of dams or
embankments that eliminate flood risks, landuse regulations that do not permit any
settlement in high-risk zones, and seismic
engineering designs that ensure the survival and
function of a critical building in any likely
earthquake.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
3. Disaster Mitigation measures aimed at
minimizing the impact of a natural or man-made
disaster in terms of casualties and damages.
Example of specific disaster mitigation measures
are as follows:
a. flood control system such as dikes, dredging
/widening of river.
b. installation of airbags and seatbelts in motor
vehicles.
4. Disaster Preparedness - refers to the predisaster actions and measures being undertaken
to minimize the loss of life and property damage
and to organize and facilitate timely and effective
evacuation, rescue, relief and rehabilitation. It
also concerned with forecasting and warning,
education and training, storekeeping of supplies,
etc.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
5. Disaster Response the provision of emergency
services and public assistance during or
immediately after a disaster in order to save lives,
reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and
meet the basic subsistence needs of the people
affected. Disaster response is predominantly
focused on immediate and short-term needs and is
sometimes called "disaster relief".
6. Disaster Requirement Assessment - as soon as
the situation will allow it, a comprehensive
assessment of the disaster and the requirements
for the recovery of the affected community/area
shall be assessed. This is to validate/complete
earlier reports of damages and the recovery
scheme in the disaster preparedness plan.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
7. Recovery refers to restoration of normality in
the affected community through rehabilitation
and reconstruction. Rehabilitation refers to the
restoration of disaster victims from economic
dependency to pre-disaster status of being
independent or having a stable way of living
either physically, economically, socially or
emotionally. Reconstruction pertains to the
restoration of vital structures and facilities. As
much as possible, reconstruction should
incorporate already disaster prevention and
mitigation measures.
8. People Empowerment Against Disaster - this
is to motivationally enlighten, empower (to give
them power or authority) and mobilize the
people to participate in and support the counterdisaster measures and actions of DRRMC.
Earth
quake
Drought
Volcanic
Eruption
Typhoon
Landslide
Tsunami
Fire
Australia
Bangladish
China
Hongkong
India
Indonesia
Philippines
Thailand
Country
L - Low
Fire Statistics
(FIRE INCIDENTS FOR THE LAST 5 YEARS NATIONWIDE)
YEAR
Nr of Fire
Fire
Damage
Civilians
Injured
Civilians
Killed
Firemen
Injured
Firemen
Killed
2008
7,726
P3.10 B
549
177
60
2009
8,271
P3.15 B
2010
10,773
P4.00 B
557
274
79
2011
8,824
P4.70 B
649
217
70
2012
8,798
P3.74 B
645
250
100
TOTAL
44,392
P19.00 B
2,402
918
309
Ring of Fire
The Ring of Fire is an area where a
large
number
of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
occur in the basin of the Pacific Ocean.
In a 40,000 km (25,000 mi) horseshoe
shape, it is associated with a nearly
continuous
series
of
oceanic
trenches, volcanic arcs, and volcanic
belts and/or plate movements. It has
452 volcanoes and is home to over
75% of the world's active and dormant
volcanoes. It is sometimes called
the seismic belt. About 90% of the
world's earthquakes and 81% of the
world's largest earthquakes occur
along the Ring of Fire. The Ring of Fire
is a direct result of plate tectonics and
the
movement
and
collisions
of lithospheric plates.[6]
03 DECEMBER 1998
27 persons killed
(22 children & 5 adults)
P 10M in damages
ORORAMA FIRE
35
25 February 2004
PNP Armory/ Logistics Support Services Bldg
Three (3) persons injured
38
Tsunami
Tsunami
Tsunami
Tsunami
Storm Surge
Storm Surge
Storm Surge
Storm Surge
Storm Surge
Earthquake
Earthquake
Volcanic Eruption
Volcanic Eruption
RESCUE OPERATIONS
Rescue - comprises responsive operations that usually
involve the saving of life, or prevention
of injury during an incident or dangerous situation.
Tools used might include search and rescue
dogs, mounted search and rescue horses, helicopters,
and other hydraulic cutting and spreading tools used
to extricate individuals from wrecked vehicles. Rescue
operations are sometimes supported by special
vehicles such as fire department's or EMS heavy
rescue vehicle.
RESCUE OPERATIONS
Rescue operations require a high degree
of training and are performed by rescue teams ,
either independent or part of larger
organizations such as fire, police, military, first
aid, or ambulance services.
Air-sea rescue
Cave rescue
Combat search and rescue
Confined space rescue
Swiftwater rescue
Surface water rescue
Mine rescue
Rope rescue
Search and rescue
Urban search and rescue
Vehicle extrication
Wilderness
RESCUE OPERATIONS
Types of rescue:
RESCUE OPERATIONS
RESCUE OPERATIONS
What are some of the major rescue
equipment?
hydraulic powered equipment:
Spreaders, Shears, Combination
spreader / shears, Extension rams,
Hydraulic jacks.
pneumatic (air) powered tools - Air
chisels, Pneumatic nail guns, Air
compressors, Air Lifting Equipment
power saws
Search Cameras
Vertical and Steep Rescue Equipment
Confined Space Communications
Ventilation equipment
PAGASA warning
Communication
Food
Hospital
Evacuation
Storm surge
Mass casualties
Airport
Seaport
Distribution of rice
Typhoon Sendong:
Rain monitor
Riverside inhabitants
Mass casualties
Evacuation