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    Rubella and Pregnancy

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    KABERA RENE
    Rubella, also known as German measles, is a viral infection transmitted through airborne droplets. While usually mild, rubella infection during pregnancy can cause severe birth defects if transmitted to the fetus. The virus infects the upper respiratory tract and spreads to lymph nodes. Most infections are subclinical. To prevent congenital rubella syndrome, vaccination is recommended prior to pregnancy. For infected pregnant women, management depends on trimester of infection and may involve amniocentesis, termination of pregnancy, or postnatal immune globulin for the newborn.

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    Rubella and Pregnancy

    Uploaded by

    KABERA RENE
    204 views6 pages
    Rubella, also known as German measles, is a viral infection transmitted through airborne droplets. While usually mild, rubella infection during pregnancy can cause severe birth defects if transmitted to the fetus. The virus infects the upper respiratory tract and spreads to lymph nodes. Most infections are subclinical. To prevent congenital rubella syndrome, vaccination is recommended prior to pregnancy. For infected pregnant women, management depends on trimester of infection and may involve amniocentesis, termination of pregnancy, or postnatal immune globulin for the newborn.

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    Rubella, also known as German measles, is a viral infection transmitted through airborne droplets. While usually mild, rubella infection during pregnancy can cause severe birth defects if transmitted to the fetus. The virus infects the upper respiratory tract and spreads to lymph nodes. Most infections are subclinical. To prevent congenital rubella syndrome, vaccination is recommended prior to pregnancy. For infected pregnant women, management depends on trimester of infection and may involve amniocentesis, termination of pregnancy, or postnatal immune globulin for the newborn.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    204 views6 pages

    Rubella and Pregnancy

    Uploaded by

    KABERA RENE
    Rubella, also known as German measles, is a viral infection transmitted through airborne droplets. While usually mild, rubella infection during pregnancy can cause severe birth defects if transmitted to the fetus. The virus infects the upper respiratory tract and spreads to lymph nodes. Most infections are subclinical. To prevent congenital rubella syndrome, vaccination is recommended prior to pregnancy. For infected pregnant women, management depends on trimester of infection and may involve amniocentesis, termination of pregnancy, or postnatal immune globulin for the newborn.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Rubella, also known as German measles, is a viral infection that can cause birth defects if a woman is infected during pregnancy. The virus is transmitted through airborne droplets and causes a rash.

    The symptoms of rubella infection include malaise, fever, lymphadenopathy, and a rash.

    Rubella is diagnosed clinically based on symptoms and through detection of rubella-specific IgM antibodies or viral RNA.

    Rubella and pregnancy

    KABERA René MD
    PGY I - Resident Family and Community
    Medicine
    OBS - GYN DEPT UTH - B
    Dec 2009
    Definition
    • Rubella : Also called 3 day measles or German
    measles is a d isease caused by rubella
    virus .
    • Genus : Rubivirus .
    • Family : Togaviridae .
    • Togavirus virus group .
    • Transmission via airborne droplets .
    • Incubation period of 2 - 3 weeks .
    • Rubella virus causes minor infections in the
    absence of pregnancy .
    • People who have had rubella disease or
    vaccine are protected
    • During pregnancy , however , it has been
    directly responsible for severe congenital
    malformations .
    Diagnosis
    •Clinical
    • Adult infection occurs in mucosa of upper
    respiratory tract and spread to the
    cervical lymphnodes .
    • Viremiadevelops after 7 - 9 days , lasts 13 - 15
    days and leads to development of
    antibodies .
    • The appearance of malaise , fever , and
    anorexia , rash , posterior auricular ,
    cervical , and sub occipital
    lymphadenopathy .
    • 20 - 50 % cases of primary infection are
    subclinical .
    • Complications : arthritis , thrombocytopenia
    and encephalitis .
    •Paraclinical:

    • Detection of Rubella - specific immunoglobulin


    ( Ig ) M antibody using enzyme - linked
    Management
    Prevention
    •

    • Rubella virus vaccine live [ MERURAX II ]


    is used to stimulate active immunity to
    rubella ( German measles ).
    • Contra indicated in pregnancy .
    • Infection during 1 st trimester result in
    85 % of fetal abnormalities .
    • Infection in 2 nd trimester result in 16 %
    fetal abnormalities .
    • > 20 weeks fetal defects are uncommon .
    • If there is susceptibility of disease in
    pregnancy → Serology
    • Rates of Antibodies :> 1 / 20 previous
    immunity ,< 1 / 20 no immunity give Specific
    Gamma - globulines 10ml / d / 4d and 10ml
    / wk / 3wks .
    Management
    •Prevention ( c ’ t )
    •If seroconversion

    • 1 st trimester : Interruption of pregnancy .


    • After 1 st trimester : amniocentesis ( PCR ), fetal
    blood sampling >>> if the fetus is
    affected >>> medical interruption of
    pregnancy .
    • Children born to infected mothers who have
    measles in the last week of pregnancy or
    first week postpartum should be treated
    with immune globulin ( 0 . 25 mL / kg IM ).
    • Susceptible women are vaccinated routinely
    postpartum .
    •Treatment

    • Symptom - based treatment is given for


    manifestations such as fever , arthralgia ,
    References
    • Williams Obstetrics . Section VIII . Medical and
    surgical complications in pregnancy . Chap 58
    Infections , 22 nd ed . 2005
    • Harrison ’ s Principles of Internal Medicine .
    Chap 186 Rubella . 17 th ed . 2008
    • Guide de therapeutique . Leon Perlemuter et
    coll . Gynecologie - Obstetrique , Grossesse et
    Rubeole . page 670 . 4e ed . 2006
    • Mosby's drug consult . Measles virus vaccine
    live . 14 th ed . 2004
    • Rudolph ’ s pediatrics . Infectious diseases ,
    viral infections , rubella . 21 st ed . 2002 .
    •

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