Design of Machine Elements

Design of Machine Elements
Presented By:Barkha Gupta

H.O.D.(Mechanical)
R.M.E.C., Kota
Contents
Basic Concept of Design.

Concept of Machine Design and their Types.
Factors to be considered in Machine Design.
Steps of Machine Design.
Design and Manufacturing.
Manufacturing Process.
Design
Design is Essentially a Decision Making Process.

For every Problem, we need to Design a
Solution.
Design is to Formulate a Plan to Satisfy a
particular need and to create something with a
Physical Reality.
3
Design of a Chair
Factors need to be Considered:

The purpose for which chair to be Design.
Whether the chair is to be design for a grown
up person or a child.
Material for the Chair.
(Strength and cost need to be Determined)
Aesthetics of design a chair.
4
Basic Concept of Design

Decision Making: At every step of Design.
Consideration of different factors.
To draw certain conclusions leading to an optimal
Design.
Market Survey to read peoples mind.
Study of existing Norms.
A bad decision leads to a bad design and a bad
product.
5
Concept of Machine Design
Machine is defined as a combination of

resisting bodies with successfully constrained
motions which is used to transform other forms
of energy into mechanical energy or transmit
and modify available energy to do some useful
work.
Machines can receive mechanical energy and
modify it so that a specific task is carried out.
6
Modification/Transformation of Energy
Machine Elements
Machine design involves primarily designing

machine elements so that they may transmit the
forces and perform their tasks successfully.
7
Types of Machine Design

Adaptive Design
Developmental Design
New Design

Adaptive Design:- Based on existing design,
standard products or systems adopted for a new
application.
Conveyor belts, control system of machines are
some of the examples where existing design
systems are adapted for a particular use.
10

Developmental Design:- Start with an existing
design but finally a modified design is obtained.
A new model of a car is a typical example of a
developmental design .
11

New Design:- This type of design is an entirely
new one but based on existing scientific
principles.
No scientific invention is involved but requires
creative thinking to solve a problem.
Examples of this type of design may include
designing a small vehicle for transportation of
men and material on board a ship or in a desert.
12

Based on Methods:
Rational Design
Empirical Design
Industrial Design
13

Rational Design:- Based on determining the
stresses and strains of components and thereby
deciding their dimensions.
14

Empirical Design:- Based on empirical formulae
which in turn is based on experience and experiments.
For example, when we tighten a nut on a bolt the force

exerted or the stresses induced cannot be determined
exactly but experience shows that the tightening force
may be given by P=284d where, d is the bolt diameter
in mm and P is the applied force in kg.
There is no mathematical backing of this equation but it
is based on observations and
experience.
15

Industrial
Design:Based
on
industrial
considerations and norms viz. market survey,
external look, production facilities, low cost, use
of existing standard products.
16
Factors to be Considered in Machine

Design
What device or mechanism to be used? This would decide the

relative arrangement of the constituent elements.
Material.
Forces on the elements.
Size, shape and space requirements.
Weight of the product.
The method of manufacturing the components and their
assembly.
How will it operate?
Reliability and safety aspects.
Inspectibility.
Maintenance, cost and aesthetics of the designed product.
17
Steps for Machine Design

Machine design requires a thorough knowledge of
engineering science in its totality along with a
clear decision making capability.
Every designer follows his own methodology
based on experience and analysis.
18
Steps for Machine Design

The main steps to be followed in general are:
Define the problem.
Make preliminary design decisions.
Make design sketches.
Carry out design analysis and optimization.
Design the elements for strength and
durability.
Prepare documentations to be followed for
manufacture
19
Design and Manufacturing

A machine element, after design, requires to be
manufactured to give it a shape of a product.
Therefore, in addition to standard design practices
like, selection of proper material, ensuring proper
strength and dimension to guard against failure, a
designer should have knowledge of basic
manufacturing aspects.
20

Types of Manufacturing Processes:
Shaping
Joining
Machining
Surface Finishing
Non Conventional Machining
21

Shaping Processes:
Casting
Forging
Extruding
Rolling
22

Joining Processes:
Welding
Riveting
Brazing
Screw Fastening
23

Machining Processes:
Turning
Shaping
Milling
Drilling
24

Surface Finishing Processes:
Grinding
Lapping
Honing
Electro Plating
25

Non Conventional Machining Processes:
Ultrasonic Machining
Laser Beam Machining
Electro Chemical Machining
Abrasive Jet Machining
26
27
Limit System
The allowable variation in size for the mating parts is called limits
and the nature of assembly due to such variation in size is known
as fits.
28
Limit System
Types of Fits:
29
30
Standard tolerances
18 grades: IT01 ,IT0 and IT1-1T16
25 types: A- ZC (For holes)

a- zc (For shafts)
31
32

Design of Machine Elements

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Design of Machine Elements

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Design of Machine Elements

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Design of Machine Elements

Presented By:Barkha Gupta

Basic Concept of Design.

Design is Essentially a Decision Making Process.

Factors need to be Considered:

Basic Concept of Design

Concept of Machine Design

Machine is defined as a combination of

Concept of Machine Design

Machine design involves primarily designing

Concept of Machine Design

Types of Machine Design

Types of Machine Design

Types of Machine Design

Types of Machine Design

Types of Machine Design

Types of Machine Design

Types of Machine Design

For example, when we tighten a nut on a bolt the force

Types of Machine Design

Factors to be Considered in Machine

What device or mechanism to be used? This would decide the

Steps for Machine Design

Steps for Machine Design

Design and Manufacturing

Design and Manufacturing

Design and Manufacturing

Design and Manufacturing

Design and Manufacturing

Design and Manufacturing

Design and Manufacturing

18 grades: IT01 ,IT0 and IT1-1T16

25 types: A- ZC (For holes)

You might also like