Urine Concentration and Dilution Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Osmolarity and Sodium Concentration
Urine Concentration and Dilution Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Osmolarity and Sodium Concentration
Urine Concentration and Dilution Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Osmolarity and Sodium Concentration
Chapter 28:
Urine Concentration and Dilution;
Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Osmolarity
and Sodium Concentration
Slides by John E. Hall, PhD
Copyright 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Mechanism:
increased extracellular osmolarity (NaCl)
stimulates ADH release, which increases
H2O reabsorption, and stimulates thirst
(intake of water)
Osmoreceptor
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
feedback mechanism for
regulating extracellular
fluid osmolarity.
Figure 28-9
Copyright 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Figure 28-10
Copyright 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Water diuresis
in a human
after ingestion
of 1 liter of
water.
Figure 28-1
Copyright 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Mechanism:
Decreased ADH release
and reduced water
permeability in distal and
collecting
tubules
Figure 28-2
Copyright 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Figure 28-4
Copyright 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Active NaCl
Transport
Proximal
Thin Desc.
Thin Ascen.
Thick Ascen.
Distal
Cortical Coll.
Inner Medullary
Coll.
++
0
0
+++
+
+
+
Permeability
H2O
NaCl
Urea
+++
+++
0
0
+ADH
+ADH
+ADH
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
+
+
+
0
0
0
+++
Figure 28-8
Copyright 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
1200
Osmolarity 600
(mOsm / L)
300
Plasma Osmolarity
Minimum urine osmolarity
0
100
75
50
Nephrons (% normal)
25
Normal
Number of nephrons
2,000,000
Total GFR (ml/min
125
GFR per nephron (nl/min)
62.5
Total Urine flow rate (ml/min)
1.5
Volume excreted
0.75
per nephron (nl/min)
75 % loss of
nephrons
500,000
40
80
1.5
3.0