Understanding Organizations - Arguments For Combining Perspectives
Understanding Organizations - Arguments For Combining Perspectives
Understanding Organizations - Arguments For Combining Perspectives
ORGANIZATIONS
Arguments for Combining the 3 Perspectives
Overview
The various perspectives
Arguments for combining those perspectives
Thompsons Levels Model
Scotts Layered Model
Organizations
Are ubiquitous
According to Parson (1960), the development of
The Perspectives
Rational Systems perspectives
Natural Systems perspectives
Open Systems perspectives
Combining Perspectives
Thompsons Level Model
Scotts Layered Model
progression
He observed that as open system models invaded
organizational studies, instead of replacing the rational
and natural system models, they were rather rapidly
combined with both rational or natural system
assumptions and arguments.
Layer classification
He classified the layers into four periods:
closed rational
closed natural
open-rational
open natural
Levels of Analysis
Social Psychological deals with individual level of
Closed-rational models
Key theorists Taylor, Simon, Weber and Fayol
Taylor and Simon focused on the social psychological
level using the rationalization of mechanical work
Weber and Fayol focused on the structural level.
Closed-natural models
Key theorist White, Barnard, Mayo, Gouldner
The social psychological level of analysis was focused on
human relations such as details of work groups and
worker-manager relations
On the structural level, emphasis was given to both the
internal structure and the wider environment.
Structural level
Key theorists Udy, Pugh, Hickson, and Blau
At this level, the formal structure is viewed in terms of
size, technology and uncertainty but mostly on the
characteristics of the environment of the organization.
Simultaneously, they identified that organizations are
aiming at developing effective and efficient structures into
a rational system perspective.
Ecological level
This level evolved as more light was thrown on the
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